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Biomedical subjects

B I Avan

Publications and source records attributed to B I Avan.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Demographic, socio-economic and environmental determinants of utilisation of antenatal care in a rural setting of Sindh, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: Majority of the women in the developing countries are unable receive antenatal care for a variety of reasons. This study determines the factors affecting utilisation of antenatal care by women of a rural area in Sindh, Pakistan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted during August 1997, in Union Council Jhangara, Sindh, Pakistan. Married women, who had delivered at least one child, were included in the study from each household and systematically 222 eligible women were selected. The effects of demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors on the utilisation of antenatal care, by women during their most recent pregnancy were also studied. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess independent effect of individual factors. RESULTS: Among the study subjects, 29.3% (65) of the women utilised antenatal care during the last (most recent) pregnancy and out of them 72.3% (47) received it from the government health care provider. Presence of electricity in the house was strongly associated with the utilisation of antenatal care (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI 2.2-12.7). Women whose husbands were in white-collar occupation, were utilizing the antenatal care significantly more (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-4.6) compared to women whose husbands were in blue-collar occupations. CONCLUSION: The study shows that social status and economic condition of a woman is an important determinant of utilisation of antenatal care. Therefore, improvement of socioeconomic status is required to increase utilization of antenatal and perinatal care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The proposition: an insight into research.

Propositions form the basis for scientific research. The validity of a research study is, to a large extent, evaluated on the criteria of its propositions. For internal validity, study propositions provide information regarding precision of definitions, measurements, associations, confounding factors etc. that are considered in research. While for external validity, propositions form the premise for the deduction of inferences. The aim of this article is to help readers understand the propositions that are made in research. This article discusses those propositions, which are relevant to medical research.

Causality↗
PubMed2001

Perspective on variables in medical research.

Research concepts cannot be materialized until and unless study variables are carefully selected and clearly defined. However, emphasis on variables is not limited to data collection. It should be envisioned from the start that the contents of the variables recorded are congruent with the statistical analysis suggested. These two processes require a comprehensive understanding of variables in epidemiology and biostatistics disciplines. In this article classifications are discussed keeping in view their utility in medical research.

Epidemiologic Factors↗
PubMed2001

Why a research study needs a design?

Medical research requires as much attention to management as it does to science. Effective research depends first upon the thoughtful statements of purpose and objectives, and related research questions. These important initial steps in turn drive key decisions regarding study type, plans for analyses and competent implementation within bounded timeframes and budgets. The research endeavour materializes by selecting appropriate study types based on coherent research questions, appropriate data collection, and ultimately concludes by drawing inferences on the basis of properly planned analyses. This article reviews these principles and inter-relationships.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Moving from concepts to study types approaches to classifying scientific inquiry.

There is no such concept as "the ideal research method". Most study types are understood and taught in a relative vacuum without appreciating their philosophical context. However, to achieve an optimal approach is more a matter of resolving the congruence between research purpose and method. Proper location of research methods within a theoretical framework is therefore important, otherwise the resulting over-simplification will eventually lead to inappropriate use of study types. Designing any type of study encompasses the process of identification, exploration and explanation, and utilizes concepts such as manipulation, sampling, replication and time dimensions. Medical research has borrowed study types both from Epidemiology and Social Sciences and practiced as observational and experimental inquiries, and we offer in the present review a framework within which these various types may be understood.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of clinical and laparascopic features of infertile women suffering from genital tuberculosis (TB) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze the clinical and laparoscopic features, which may help to differentiate between infertility in females due to Genital Tuberculosis from Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) and Endometriosis. METHODS: This case control study was carried out in a teaching tertiary care hospital. Medical records were searched from 1st January 1987 to 31st December 2000 and 43 infertile women with biopsy proven genital tract tuberculosis were found. Equal number of infertile females with diagnosed PID and Endometriosis were randomly selected. Comparisons were done between features of Genital Tuberculosis with PID and Endometriosis separately and also genital tuberculosis with combined controls of PID and Endometriosis. RESULTS: Patients with genital tuberculosis commonly had primary infertility. PID and Endometriosis patients had early menarche and increased duration of menstruation. On physical examination, patients with Genital Tuberculosis were found to have short heights. No significant findings were observes in the pelvic examination and menstruation history between the comparison groups. Laparascopic examination revealed that fallopian tubes were abnormal, tortuous, bilaterally blocked and thickly adherent more commonly in Genital Tuberculosis when compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: The primary infertility patients with chronic malnutrition and massive adhesive fallopian tubes on laproscopic examination should be evaluated for genital tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Point of entry into research--problem orientation.

A prerequisite for scientific research is the possession of a well-developed body of knowledge. Knowledge can be obtained from either traditional wisdom or scientific disciplines. Traditional sources of information usually lack any standardized authenticity checks. The main magical point about scientific facts is that they demand empiric evidence: even if traditional wisdom has empirical evidence it is a part of scientific knowledge. The scientific acquisition of knowledge follows certain predetermined steps of research with a starting point of identification and definition of the problem statement. From this article onwards we will try to gradually build up a thorough understanding of those steps.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Place research problem in theory--a theory research symbiosis.

Theory gives a specific perspective to research by providing systematic guidance for the identification and investigation of the logical relationship in the phenomenon of interest. To critically appraise the theoretical bases of a research, it is important first to familiarize with the language of theory, which mainly comprises of concepts and propositions. Furthermore, models are developed to act as a springboard for theory generation and theory practice. To organise the research findings in order to develop a body of knowledge, the connection between theory and research should be explicit in the study.

Health Services Research↗
PubMed2000

Research?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Epidemiology↗