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Biomedical subjects

B Hunter

Publications and source records attributed to B Hunter.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Traumatic injury to maxillary incisor teeth in a group of South Wales school children.

This study examines, from photographic records, the prevalence of accidental damage to maxillary incisor teeth in a group of 968 11/12-year-old South Wales school-children; 15.3% showed evidence of trauma ranging from enamel fractures or discolouration to actual loss of a tooth. Boys (19.4%) showed a higher prevalence of trauma than girls (11%). Maxillary central incisors were the most at risk from trauma, with coronal fractures being the most commonly sustained injury. Those subjects who showed evidence of trauma had an statistically (p less than 0.001) but not clinically significantly greater overjet than did those who had none. The percentage of subjects suffering trauma increased significantly with increasing overjet, but lip incompetence did not affect the prevalence of accidental damage. Though statistically unsupported due to the small numbers involved in this cohort, it appeared that the rougher nature of boys activities and their more active participation in sports were of greater importance than the magnitude of their overjet in determining whether their teeth were at risk from trauma. In contrast, it was the magnitude of the overjet which was the dominant factor in girls. Despite the wide availability of relatively simple means of restoration and, in the majority of cases, regular dental examinations, only 14.8% of traumatised teeth had received treatment at this age.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of chlorhexidine delivery by mouthwash and spray on plaque accumulation.

The delivery of chlorhexidine by spray systems have been found useful in controlling plaque in handicapped individuals. This study using a single blind crossover design compared chlorhexidine delivery by mouthwash and spray for plaque inhibitory effects. A group of 14 volunteers participated in two 4 day, no oral hygiene regimens. During one regimen chlorhexidine was professionally sprayed onto the teeth twice a day and during the other chlorhexidine was rinsed twice a day under supervision. Plaque regrowth from a zero baseline was recorded using a plaque index and by area. Little plaque accumulated during the two periods. There was no significant difference in plaque measurements following the use of the spray or mouthwash. This study demonstrated that chlorhexidine when sprayed under optimal conditions was as effective as a mouthwash at controlling plaque despite only requiring one seventh of a dose from a rinse. The results have implications for the use and delivery of chlorhexidine for plaque control and are relevant to the proposed mode of action of this antiseptic.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The use of 0.2% chlorhexidine spray as an adjunct to oral hygiene and gingival health in physically and mentally handicapped adults.

Chlorhexidine has been used as an aid to or replacement for oral hygiene measures in special needs groups such as the handicapped. Previous studies have indicated that spray delivery of chlorhexidine is both effective and acceptable. This study evaluated twice daily use of a 0.2% chlorhexidine spray as an adjunct to toothbrushing in a group of physically and mentally handicapped adults attending a day training center. The study was a double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over design involving two 31 days regimens separated by 30 days. Plaque, bleeding on probing, and pocketing were measured at the beginning and end of each regimen. There were clinically and statistically significantly lower plaque and bleeding scores at the end of the chlorhexidine compared to the placebo period. Pocketing was also significantly less after chlorhexidine, although in clinical terms the difference was small. The apparent acceptability and effectiveness of the regimen suggests that small doses of chlorhexidine delivered by sprays may be of considerable value as an aid to oral hygiene in handicapped individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of barley stripe mosaic virus RNA gamma.

The complete nucleotide sequences of RNA gamma from the Type and ND18 strains of barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) have been determined. The sequences are 3164 (Type) and 2791 (ND18) nucleotides in length. Both sequences contain a 5'-noncoding region (87 or 88 nucleotides) which is followed by a long open reading frame (ORF1). A 42-nucleotide intercistronic region separates ORF1 from a second, shorter open reading frame (ORF2) located near the 3'-end of the RNA. There is a high degree of homology between the Type and ND18 strains in the nucleotide sequence of ORF1. However, the Type strain contains a 366 nucleotide direct tandem repeat within ORF1 which is absent in the ND18 strain. Consequently, the predicted translation product of Type RNA gamma ORF1 (mol wt 87,312) is significantly larger than that of ND18 RNA gamma ORF1 (mol wt 74,011). The amino acid sequence of the ORF1 polypeptide contains homologies with putative RNA polymerases from other RNA viruses, suggesting that this protein may function in replication of the BSMV genome. The nucleotide sequence of RNA gamma ORF2 is nearly identical in the Type and ND18 strains. ORF2 codes for a polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 17,209 (Type) or 17,074 (ND18) which is known to be translated from a subgenomic (sg) RNA. The initiation point of this sgRNA has been mapped to a location 27 nucleotides upstream of the ORF2 initiation codon in the intercistronic region between ORF1 and ORF2. The sgRNA is not coterminal with the 3'-end of the genomic RNA, but instead contains heterogeneous poly(A) termini up to 150 nucleotides long (J. Stanley, R. Hanau, and A. O. Jackson, 1984, Virology 139, 375-383). In the genomic RNA gamma, ORF2 is followed by a short poly(A) tract and a 238-nucleotide tRNA-like structure.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of three delivery methods of chlorhexidine in handicapped children. I. Effects on plaque, gingivitis, and toothstaining.

In handicapped groups, the maintenance of oral hygiene can be a major problem, and chemical plaque control offers many advantages. This study compared the effectiveness of chlorhexidine gluconate, delivered as a 0.2% mouthrinse, a 0.2% spray, and a 1% gel in trays, in controlling dental plaque and gingival bleeding in a group of 49 spastic children. All three delivery methods produced an improvement in plaque and gingival bleeding scores. However, the gel was significantly more effective than either the mouthwash or the spray. There was no significant difference between delivery methods in the amount of tooth staining.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of three delivery methods of chlorhexidine in handicapped children. II. Parent and house-parent preferences.

As part of a study of chlorhexidine used for plaque control in handicapped children, preferences and difficulties with the three delivery methods were evaluated by questionnaire. The delivery methods were a 0.2% mouthwash, 0.2% spray, and 1% gel in trays. Responses from parents and house parents revealed the least preference for, and most difficulties with, the gel in trays. The spray was the most popular and 96% of the respondents would be prepared to use this indefinitely as a method of oral hygiene. The most effective method was the gel in trays, but results of the questionnaire suggested that the respondents would be unwilling to use it for prolonged periods. The importance of user acceptance and compliance to the long-term success of oral hygiene methods was evident.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Chronotropic and inotropic effects on atria of chronic ethanol ingestion in the aging rat.

Both aging and chronic ethanol consumption have been correlated with reduced cardiac chronotropic and inotropic function. This study tested the hypothesis that aging potentiates the negative cardiac effects of chronic ethanol consumption. Using isolated tissue techniques we assessed baseline and maximum automaticity and tension development in atria from 4 groups of Fischer-344 rats (young normal, young ethanol, old normal, old ethanol). Baseline and maximum rate was depressed by aging and further depressed by chronic ethanol ingestion. Baseline and maximum tension was depressed only by aging plus chronic ethanol ingestion.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

The structure of the maize ribosomal DNA spacer region.

A combination of a single stranded plasmid vector and ordered deletions were used to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of a rDNA spacer region isolated from the DNA of maize Black Mexican Sweet suspension cells. The sequence reveals the presence of ten "200 base" subrepeats within the maize rDNA spacer region. By S1 protection experiments we have tentatively determined that the start of maize rRNA transcription is 144 bases 3' of the end of the last spacer subrepeat. We propose that the spacer subrepeats may have an important role in regulating maize rRNA transcription.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Survival of dental restorations in young patients.

The aim of this study was to show how the survival of restorations placed in teeth of young patients varied with the age of the patient at the time of treatment. Data from the treatment records of 113 regularly attending patients at one practice were collected, and the fate and survival of 1327 restorations was determined from the sequences of treatment of each permanent tooth. Occlusal restorations occurred most frequently (37.6%) and together with the MO and DO restorations (22.6%) accounted for more than half of the restorations in the study. The proportion of replaced restorations increased with increasing patient age at the time of treatment, from 33% to 56%. The survival of all restorations improved the older the patient at the time of treatment, from 40% to 77% surviving 5 yr. The implications for the treatment of carious young permanent teeth are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The toxicology of a ganglioside extract (Cronassial).

The accepted animal toxicity studies indicate that the ganglioside mixture extracted and purified from the bovine brain cortex (Cronassial) is without detectable toxicity. It did not induce any adverse effects on any of the characteristics of reproduction and it is not antigenic.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

High tolerance of broilers to vomitoxin from corn infected with Fusarium graminearum.

Corn purposely infected with Fusarium graminearum was found to contain 800 to 900 mg vomitoxin/kg. Contaminated corn was substituted for control corn at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24% in a corn-soybean meal ration. Broiler cockerels were given each experimental diet from 6 to 11 days of age; then sample groups were necropsied. Remaining birds were subsequently offered commercial starter for 2 days and sample groups again necropsied. Growth and diet consumption were not significantly reduced until contaminated corn exceeded 12% of the ration (116 mg vomitoxin/kg). Alertness, coordination, and feathering appeared normal regardless of treatment. Birds that received contaminated corn exhibited plaques in the mouth and gizzard erosions proportional to the level of substitution. All lesions were generally restricted to the epithelial layer and no liver or kidney involvement could be demonstrated. A short return to uncontaminated feed eliminated most lesions. Fowl appear to be considerably more tolerant of vomitoxin than swine.

Animals↗