[On the development and current problems of a methodology of medical diagnosis].
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Computers↗
Biomedical subjects
B Hofmann
Publications and source records attributed to B Hofmann.
Anticoagulant-free preparation of platelets from human native blood--a methodical and morphological report.
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Anticoagulants↗
Sexually transmitted diseases, antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, and subsequent development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Visitors of homosexual sauna clubs in Copenhagen: 1982-1983.
Sera from 260 men from Denmark and elsewhere attending two Copenhagen sauna clubs for homosexual men during nine months of 1982-1983 were investigated for markers for syphilis, hepatitis A and B, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Five per cent (12 men) had active syphilis, and another 35% (92) had a history of and/or serologic markers for syphilis. Ninety-four men (36%) were positive for antibodies to hepatitis A virus, ten (4%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and 153 (59%) were positive for antibodies to HBsAg. Antibodies to HIV were found in 45 (20%) of the 220 men investigated for this marker. Markers for hepatitis A and B and for syphilis were more frequent in the HIV antibody-positive individuals, but the association was significant only for markers for hepatitis B (relative risk = 2.0). Thus STD markers had little predictive value for seropositivity for antibodies to HIV. Among 37 men investigated more than once, a seroconversion rate of 3% per month for antibodies to HIV was found, but this estimate must be taken with reservation. The rate of seropositivity for antibodies to HIV among men from Denmark was 23%, and three (8%) of the 40 HIV-positive Danish men developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) during the four years following the initial investigation. This study shows that by 1982-1983 HIV had spread considerably in the Danish high-risk group, although there were only seven reported cases of AIDS in the country at that time.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) is a distinct exanthematic, acrolocated eruption of childhood caused by a variety of infectious agents. Historically hepatitis B antigen positive (HBsAG+) papular acrodermatitis of childhood and HBsAg negative (HBsAg-) papulovesicular acrolocated syndrome have been distinguished. Here we characterize the spectrum of associated infectious agents in seven patients with confirmed GCS seen in our departments in the years 1994-1995. Where available, stored frozen serum samples were reanalyzed for antiviral antibodies. The mean age of the two girls and five boys was 22.5 months with a range of 8 to 53 months. None of the patients was HBsAG+. Four patients showed serologic evidence of an acute infection and one patient of a recent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In two additional children vaccination preceded the appearance of GCS. In these two patients serologic investigations revealed no evidence of recent infection with most common viruses. Our results underline the role of viral infections other than hepatitis B in the etiology of GCS. EBV infection was the most commonly associated viral disease in our population. We agree with other authors that we should avoid using the terms papular acrodermatitis of childhood and papulovesicular acrolocated syndrome in describing HBsAg+ and HBsAg- forms of GCS.
Acrodermatitis↗
Time course of osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and C-terminal procollagen peptide during callus distraction.
This study involved 15 patients who were undergoing extremity lengthening by callus distraction. Blood samples and radiographs of the callus distraction segment were obtained before surgery, every 2 weeks during the distraction phase, and every 4 weeks between the end of distraction and removal of the fixator. A digital radiograph analysis system was used to determine the radiographic density of the callus distraction segments. In addition, the serum parameters osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and C-terminal procollagen peptide (PICP) were evaluated. The radiographic density was constant during the distraction phase, but increased logarithmically during the consolidation period. Similar kinetics were observed for osteocalcin, with an average coefficient of correlation between these two parameters of 0.66+/-0.15. PICP levels rose rapidly after surgery and increased further during the consolidation period. Serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were not uniform between patients, and there was no correlation to the kinetics of radiographic density or the other serum parameters. The similarity between radiographic density and osteocalcin kinetics, as well as the rapid postoperative increase in PICP, imply that further information may be obtained about osteoneogenesis from the study of these two serum parameters.
Adolescent↗
PAF-agonistic and -antagonistic behaviour of new synthetic ether phospholipids. II. Relationships between chemical structure and inhibition of PAF-induced human platelet activation.
A series of 30 newly synthesised racemic ether phospholipids was evaluated for PAF-antagonistic action on human blood platelets in vitro. The chemical structure of these compounds was derived from the 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-ethyl-glycero-3-phosphoric acid 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridinium ethylester which was recently characterised as a PAF-specific antagonist. Anti-PAF effects were demonstrated by means of an aggregation and a binding assay. The inhibition was concentration-dependent and of competitive type. KB-values for inhibiting platelet aggregation in plasma were greater than or equal to 0.3 mumol/l. The most effective antagonists were 3-10 times more effective in comparison with the ginkgolide BN 52021. Structure-activity relationship studies showed the 4-dimethylaminopyridine moiety in the 3 position to be the ultimate structural requirement for expressing PAF-antagonistic activity. Moreover, a short-chain substituent in the 2 position and a distinct distance between the phosphate group and the onium center were found to be essential for high PAF-antagonistic activity.
Blood Platelets↗
PAF-agonistic and -antagonistic behaviour of new synthetic ether phospholipids. I. Studies on blood platelets in vitro.
Structural analogues of platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) in which the acetyl group and the polar head have been replaced by ethyl and a pyridine ring, respectively, were tested for biological activities on blood platelets in vitro. In comparison with PAF most of the analogues exerted weak pro-aggregatory effects and both structural modifications were found to contribute to the lowering of platelet-stimulating activity. 1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-ethyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoric acid 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-pyridinium ethylester (DMAP-ethyl-PAF) did not activate platelets but inhibited PAF-induced platelet responses. The inhibition was concentration-dependent and of competitive type. KB values for inhibiting the PAF-induced aggregation of human and rabbit platelets in plasma were 3.2 and 0.55 mumol/l, respectively. There is also evidence that the PAF-antagonistic behaviour of DMAP-ethyl-PAF is attributable to an inhibition of the binding of PAF to its putative receptor.
Humans↗
HLA-DP antigens in HIV-infected individuals.
We studied the distribution of HLA-DP antigens in 74 HIV-infected Danish homosexual men and 188 ethnically matched healthy individuals, using the primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) technique. Forty of the patients developed AIDS within 3 years after diagnosis, whereas the remaining 34 were healthy or had only minor symptoms for 3 years or more (median observation time was 42 months). HLA-DPwl seemed to be decreased (relative risk = 0.3) in AIDS patients (5.0 per cent) when compared to patients with minor symptoms (14.7 per cent) and healthy controls (14.9 per cent). These differences were, however, not statistically significant. There were no other apparent deviations between patients (or subgroups of patients) and controls.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗