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Biomedical subjects

B Hill

Publications and source records attributed to B Hill.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Muscarinic binding in suicides.

Supersensitive muscarinic cholinergic receptors may underlie mood, neuroendocrine, and sleep disturbances in depression. To test this hypothesis, we examined muscarinic binding sites in the brains of suicides and controls in a matched-pair design, using the radioligand 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) and focusing on regions (frontal cortex, hypothalamus, and pons) mediating those functions. Receptor densities and binding affinities did not differ between suicide and control brains in any brain region studied, although there was a trend for both density and affinity to be lower in hypothalami from suicides. We discuss the implications of these findings for the cholinergic-adrenergic balance hypothesis of depression and the methodological limitations of our preliminary study.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

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Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1983

Infection and peripheral venous catheterization.

A prospective bacteriological and clinical study was carried out to determine the incidence of local and systemic infection associated with peripheral venous catheterization in a 630-bed general hospital with 24 hr intravenous team coverage. In all, 1,696 cannulas were obtained using standardized techniques and were cultured by a semiquantitative method on solid media. 41 cannulas (2.4%) yielded positive cultures (15 or more colonies). An additional 318 (18.8%) showed lesser growth indicative of contamination. No case of septicemia was encountered. Local signs of inflammation showed no correlation with positive cannula culture. The semiquantitative culture technique is easily performed and yields clear results. However, the upper limit for the number of colonies which should be regarded as contamination and criteria for phlebitis require further study. Although the infective risk of peripheral venous catheterization must not be ignored, an extremely low rate can be achieved with continuous IV team coverage and strict aseptic technique.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

A prospective, randomized study of amikacin and gentamicin in serious infections with focus on efficacy, toxicity and duration of serum levels above the MIC.

A multicentre prospective randomized study of amikacin and gentamicin in 135 patients with serious infections is presented. Most patients were additionally given a penicillin derivative according to Swedish therapeutic traditions. Synergism was noted in the majority of the tested strains. Clinical cure was recorded in 80% and 76% respectively of the amikacin and gentamicin patient groups. Nephrotoxic reactions were statistically (P less than 0.05) more common in gentamicin-treated patients (20%) than in the amikacin-treated ones (6%) while the corresponding figures for ototoxicity were 16% and 8% respectively (not statistically significant). Pharmacokinetic studies of the drugs showed that with the dose regimens used serum levels of amikacin above 10 times the MIC for the isolated micro-organism were registered during 75% of the 12-hour therapy interval and during 40% of the 8-hour therapy interval for gentamicin. This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.01). We suggest that the pharmacokinetic advantages of amikacin in comparison to gentamicin might be of practical importance in the prediction of serum levels thereby lowering the risk of toxic reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in a range of parasitic protozoa and helminths.

The activities of carbamoylphosphate synthase, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase, orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase, five of the six enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis, have been measured in Crithidia fasciculata, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania major, Trichomonas vaginalis, Eimeria tenella, Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium berghei, Fasciola gigantica, Schistosoma mansoni, Hymenolepis diminuta, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichuris muris. The majority of organisms contained all five enzyme activities. However, in T. vaginalis only carbamoylphosphate synthetase activity and in E. tenella only orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase activities could be detected. It appears therefore that the ability to synthesise pyrimidines by the de novo route is probably both common and widespread amongst parasitic organisms.

Animals↗