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Biomedical subjects

B Hesse

Publications and source records attributed to B Hesse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Differential diagnosis in acute chest pain and suspected myocardial infarction. A pilot study].

In half of the patients admitted with chest pain on suspicion of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), this diagnosis is not confirmed (non-AMI). Both AMI and non-AMI patients have a mortality which exceeds the mortality of the background population in the years following discharge based on a high incidence of cardiac death. As a pilot investigation, a comprehensive investigation programme was tested in 32 consecutive non-AMI patients. The possible organic causes of acute chest pain were thus illustrated systematically in each individual patient. In ten of the patients, a definitive diagnosis was established within the first 24 hours of admission and no further investigation was thus performed. The remaining 22 patients participated in the planned investigation programme. In 30 of the patients (94%) a probable organic cause for the chest pain was found. This investigation demonstrates that the investigation programme is employable and it suggests that the cause of chest pain in non-AMI patients usually can be placed in one of the three main groups: 1) IHS, 2) oesophageal disease and 3) physiurgic conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prediction of late complications of femoral neck fractures by scintigraphy.

A prospective study was undertaken to determine the value of scintigraphy in predicting nonunion or necrosis of the femoral head following femoral neck fractures. Scintigraphy was carried out in 49 patients before operation and in 37 one week after operation; in 18 it was done before and after operation. The uptake of isotope was estimated visually as either normal or reduced compared to the opposite side. All the patients were followed up for at least 2 years. The results indicate that pre-operative bone scintigraphy is useful in elderly patients to predict nonunion and necrosis, and therefore is recommended to select those patients who will benefit from primary arthroplasty instead of fixation of the fracture.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Esophageal scintigraphy: reproducibility and normal ranges.

Esophageal scintigraphy has been rather widely used, but much debated as a simple screening method of esophageal dysfunction. However, reports of normal ranges, age dependence and reproducibility are very limited. We studied 60 healthy subjects with a mean age of 43 yr (26, 19, 15 subjects aged 20-39, 40-59, and 60-79 yr) to establish normal ranges and variations of esophageal mean transit time and residual activity measured by a radionuclide method using [99mTc] pertechnetate labeled water. Mean transit time was calculated by Zierler's formula. The median values and 95% percentiles of single measurements of MTT and residual activity in the supine position were 6.1 (3.2-11.5) sec and 11.5 (3.0-50)%, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV) were 20%-35% for mean transit time and 85%-120% for residual activity in the sitting and supine positions. When double measurements were used, the CVs were reduced to 10% for MTT and 40% for residual activity in the supine position. The values did not change with age except for a higher frequency of spikes in subjects over 40 yr. The study has demonstrated that mean transit time for radiolabeled water in the esophagus of healthy subjects, measured by double determinations, has rather low, age-independent, interobserver and intersubject variabilities. In contrast, measurements of residual activity shows unacceptably high variations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Monoclonal antibodies that block adhesion of B cell progenitors to bone marrow stroma in vitro prevent B cell differentiation in vivo.

B cell differentiation requires adhesion of B cell progenitors to bone marrow (BM) or fetal liver stroma. We show that B lymphoid cells can adhere to the BM stroma cell line CS 1.3, in vitro. Two monoclonal antibodies, SAB-1 and SAB-2, inhibited the adhesion of a B220+ progenitor B cell line but did not interfere with the binding of cytoplasmic mu chain-positive pre-B cells or mature B cells to the BM stromal cell line. Injection of both SAB-1 and SAB-2 antibodies into pregnant mice reduced by 90% the number of B220+n B lineage cells in the livers of their embryos. Livers from such embryos also were virtually devoid of cells able to give rise to B cell colonies in soft agar cultures (CFU-preB). Either antibody separately had no effect. Flow cytometry analysis show that SAB-1 is present on CS 1.3 stroma cells and on a pre-B cell line while SAB-2 is present on pro-B and pre-B cell lines, but not on CS 1.3 stromal cells. SAB-1 and SAB-2 react with different molecules and neither antibody seems to recognize CD44, and adhesion molecule that may also participate in B cell differentiation. Proteinase K and trypsin can digest both SAB-1 and SAB-2 antigens from viable cells suggesting that both are cell surface proteins. We propose that antibodies SAB-1 and SAB-2 probably recognize novel cell-cell adhesion molecules, and that these molecules are involved in the interactions between B cell progenitors and stroma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Detection of deep venous thrombosis with indium 111-labelled monoclonal antibody against tissue plasminogen activator.

The administration of a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody against tissue plasminogen activator allows detection of areas with increased fibrinolytic activity, i.e. those with an active thrombotic lesion. Eight patients with phlebographically verified deep venous thrombosis were examined. At the time of immunoscintigraphy study they were examined receiving anticoagulant therapy. Some 75-85 MBq indium 111-labelled antibody were injected, and scintigrams were obtained after 30 min and after 24 h. The precise site of the thrombus could not be visualized after 30 min due to high background activity, whereas after 24 h it was detectable in all patients. The thrombus/background ratios achieved are twice as high as those observed in a human antifibrin antibody study. These preliminary data suggest a high sensitivity of our t-PA-specific antibody for the detection of active deep venous thrombosis in man, and our antibody seems to offer theoretical advantages over both platelet and fibrin-specific antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

EA-1, a novel adhesion molecule involved in the homing of progenitor T lymphocytes to the thymus.

The mouse progenitor T lymphocyte (pro-T) cell line FTF1 binds in vitro to thymus blood vessels, the thymic capsule, and liver from newborn mice. A mAb, EA-1, raised against an embryonic mouse endothelial cell line, blocked adhesion. The antibody also interfered with pro-T cell adhesion to a thymus-derived mouse endothelial cell line; it had no effect on the adhesion of mature T lymphocytes and myeloid cells. The antigen recognized by EA-1 is located on the vascular endothelium of various mouse tissues and absent on pro-T cells. EA-1 antibody precipitates molecules with apparent molecular weights of 110,000, 140,000, 160,000, and 200,000. Immunoclearing and binding-inhibition studies with antibodies against known adhesion molecules suggest that the EA-1 antigen is a novel adhesion molecule involved in colonization of the embryonic thymus by T cell progenitors.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Fallacy in direct cystourethrography.

Voiding cystourethrography is widely used in children to detect vesicoureteral reflux disease. A case of radionuclide voiding cystourethrography is reported, where the initial location of the catheter tip in an open ureter ostium might have lead to erroneous interpretation. Recommendations for catheter technique and control of imaging in voiding cystourethrography are given.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Oesophageal transit in patients with autonomic dysfunction. The effect of treatment with fludrocortisone.

Oesophageal function was examined by radionuclide transit measurements in 15 patients with severe autonomic deficiency and orthostatic hypothension and 23 healthy volunteers. Seven of the patients were re-examined after treatment for 3 weeks with fludrocortisone acetate (Florinef). Six patients and five control subjects were evaluated before and after i.v. administration of atropine. The mean transit time (MTT) was prolonged (P less than 0.007) and the residual activity increased (P = 0.038) in the patients compared with the control group. Prolonged MTT was associated with oesophageal symptoms. Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with fludrocortisone acetate significantly reduced MTT. Atropine increased MTT and residual activity. The increase in heart rate after atropine was correlated in the patients with MTT before treatment. The results demonstrate the frequent presence of impaired oesophageal function in patients with severe autonomic dysfunction, irrespective of aetiology. The impairment seems to be closely related to parasympathetic insufficiency. The improvement after fludrocortisone may suggest an influence of ion balance on oesophageal function in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prognosis and diagnostic work-up in patients admitted for, but without, myocardial infarction--the value of nuclear medicine examinations.

Patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction that is not confirmed (non-AMI) have a prognosis only slightly better than that of patients with confirmed infarction. In a prospective, prognostic study of 158 patients with non-AMI the combination of exercise ECG and transient defects demonstrated at 201thallium scintigraphy identified low- and high-risk groups better than either examination alone. The purpose of a new, still ongoing study of non-AMI patients is to establish a relevant, cost-effective examination programme in order to arrive at a positive diagnosis in each non-AMI patient. Preliminary results of lung perfusion/ventilation scintigraphy suggest a rather low frequency of pulmonary embolism. Preliminary data of oesophageal scintigraphy suggest that about 25% of the non-AMI patients have abnormal mean transit times. The clinical significance of these data are discussed.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1990

Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on human forearm blood flow.

Although angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor agent in all tissues, including the human forearm, equivocal effects on forearm blood flow (FBF) have been found after angiotensin blockade. In 13 healthy Na(+)-depleted subjects FBF was measured by the 133Xe washout technique; subcutaneous and muscle blood flows were determined separately. FBF was measured during supine rest, after the arm was lowered, and during lower body negative pressure (LBNP). The measurements were repeated during intra-arterial saralasin infusion in six subjects and after intravenous administration of enalapril in seven subjects. FBF decreased and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) increased during arm lowering and LBNP, as the result of local and central adrenergic reflexes, respectively. We observed similar FBF and FVR values after both saralasin and enalapril, except for a decrease in FVR at rest after enalapril. It is concluded that, in the human forearm, angiotensin II is not necessary for sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes but may, through a central effect, have some influence on arteriolar tone at rest.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The relationship of urinary prostaglandins and plasma renin to sodium balance and diuresis in normal man.

The significance of changes in sodium balance and urinary sodium excretion for renal PG excretion was studied in normal man. In protocol B a strongly negative sodium balance was produced in 5 healthy young subjects by a low sodium diet given for 7 days (lo mmol Na/day) with 80 mg furosemide p.o. added on the last two days. 24 hour urinary PGE2 excretion remained constant, while plasma renin increased. In protocol A the effect of i.v. furosemide (1 mg/kg bwt) on urinary PGE2 and PGF2 alpha excretion rates was examined in 5 healthy young subjects. Rapid but short-lasting increases in PG excretion rates ran in parallel with the changes in urine flow rate. The study suggests that PGE2 is not of importance for the sodium homeostasis in normal man. Renal prostaglandins may play a modifying role for the renal response to loop diuretics but are hardly instrumental for the diuretic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sodium balance, urinary prostaglandin E2 and renin in normal man.

1. Urinary prostaglandin (PG) E2 excretion and plasma renin were measured in five healthy volunteer subjects for 2 h after intravenous injection of frusemid (protocol A) and during salt restriction for 7 days with frusemide added on the 2 last days (protocol B). 2 In protocol A, peak values in PGE2 and urine flow were reached in 10-20 min, after which the values rapidly subsided. Plasma renin increased twofold in 60 min. 3. In protocol B, even during severe antinatriuresis (day 5) and during maximal negative sodium balance (day 7), no change in urinary PGE2 excretion was observed. Plasma renin increased twofold on day 5 and increased tenfold on day 7. 4. The result of protocol B does not suggest any essential role of renal PGE2 for sodium excretion or sodium homeostasis in man. The result of protocol A may point to a role of renal prostaglandins for the diuretic action of frusemide.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

On the pathogenetic role of prostaglandins in Bartter's syndrome.

Two patients, one with Bartter's syndrome and one with severe abuse of diuretics, were investigated before and after indomethacin treatment. Before indomethacin the two patients showed a similar pattern of hypokalaemic alcalosis, secondary hyperaldosteronism, and increased urinary excretion of PGE2 and kallikrein. After a few days on peroral indomethacin medication the hypokalaemia was significantly improved, the plasma renin activity, and the urinary excretion of aldosterone, PGE2 and kallikrein were normalized in both patients. It is concluded that the beneficial effect of indomethacin cannot be used as a proof of prostaglandin overproduction as the primary defect in Bartter's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Systemic two-stage carcinogenesis in the epithelium of the forestomach of mice using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene as initiator and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate as promoter.

In a modified two-stage carcinogenesis experiment, the effectiveness of the initiator 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in the epithelium of the forestomach of the mouse has been investigated. Fifty mice were treated intragastrically with a single dose of DMBA (50 mg/kg body weight), followed by repeated intragastric administration of TPA (10 mg/kg body weight) over a period of 35 weeks. In comparison with the corresponding control groups (no treatment, DMBA initiation only, and TPA treatment only), the initiated and promoted group clearly showed the highest tumor incidence in the target organ (45 tumor-bearing animals of 50 animals). No tumors of the forestomach were found in the untreated control group and the TPA-treated group, whereas in the DMBA-initiated group, ten animals had developed tumors of the forestomach. In addition to the mouse skin model for two-stage carcinogenesis, the mouse forestomach appears to respond to DMBA initiation-TPA promotion. This organ provides an additional tissue with which to investigate tumor promotion and further to ascertain specific parameters of the promotion step.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1978

Hepatic elimination of renin in man.

1. Hepatic elimination of renin was measured in 10 well-compensated cardiac patients with normal liver function during a control period and during a period of reduced hepatic plasma flow, induced by physical exercise (seven patients) or intravenous infusion of lysine vasopressin (three patients). 2. Hepatic renin elimination rate (hepatic plasma flow x arterial-hepatic vein difference of plasma renin activity) was found to be linearly correlated with arterial plasma renin activity (r = 0.986, P less than 0.001). 3. When hepatic plasma flow fell by 45% the hepatic extraction ratio of renin (arterial-hepatic vein plasma renin activity difference/arterial plasma renin activity) increased by 75%. Hepatic renin clearance (hepatic plasma flow x extraction ratio) remained constant. 4. The results indicate that changes in the hepatic elimination rate of renin do not contribute to changes in plasma renin activity during these events.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The influence of acute blood volume changes on plasma renin activity in man.

The effect of an acute 10% blood volume reduction on plasma renin activity (PRA) was examined in seven patients with minor heart diseases during haemodynamic investigation and in five healthy subjects after 3 days furosemide administration. PRA was not significantly changed. Blood pressure remained constant, atrial pressures decreased. The effect on PRA of an acute 10% blood volume expansion with albumin infusion was studied in thirteen patients with liver or heart diseases. A slight reduction of PRA after albumin did not exceed the expected decrease due to plasma dilution. Blood pressure was unchanged, atrial pressures increased. Renal blood flow increased after albumin in all of the five patients investigated. The effect of PRA of an acute 10% blood volume expansion with whole blood flow increased after albumin in all of the five patients investigated. The effect on PRA of an acute 10% blood volume expansion with whole blood was then investigated in five healthy subjects, pretreated with furosemide for 3 days. A significant decrease in PRA was found. Blood pressure remained constant. It is concluded that an acute blood loss of 10% and an acute blood volume expansion of 10% with albumin have little influence on PRA in supine man, whereas an acute blood volume expansion of 10% with whole blood induces a significant PRA suppression.

Adult↗