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Biomedical subjects

B Herron

Publications and source records attributed to B Herron.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

New form of autosomal-recessive axonal hereditary sensory motor neuropathy.

Two siblings, a male and a female, had severe axonal neuropathy and sideroblastic anemia. Despite a distinct clinical picture with areflexia, ataxia, hypotonia, optic atrophy, and progressive sensory neural hearing loss, no definite diagnosis could be reached and the older sibling died at 6 years of age of respiratory failure. It is proposed that the two affected siblings have a new form of autosomal-recessive axonal hereditary sensory motor neuropathy.

Anemia, Sideroblastic↗
PubMed1998

Porcine rubulavirus LPMV RNA persists in the central nervous system of pigs after recovery from acute infection.

In order to study persistence of the porcine rubulavirus LPMV, we examined tissue samples collected from pigs 53 days after experimental infection. These pigs survived the initial infection and could clinically be considered to have recovered from the infection. Two of the pigs used in this study were chemically immunosuppressed during the last 4 days before necropsy. No infectious virus or viral antigen could be detected in any tissue using standard methods for virus isolation and detection. However, the presence of viral genomic RNA and mRNA could be demonstrated in the mid brain of the convalescent pig using an optimised RT-nested PCR. Mid brain, forebrain and lung were all shown to contain LPMV RNA in the immunosuppressed convalescent pigs. In addition we examined the P-gene editing in the recovered pigs and conclude that the viral genome is transcriptionally active in these pigs. The relevance of the persistence of LPMV for maintenance and spread within and/or between pig populations is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Apoptosis in measles virus-infected human central nervous system tissues.

The extent of apoptotic cell death was examined in central nervous system (CNS) tissues from three cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Apoptosis was demonstrated by in situ end-labelling of DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Measles virus and cell types were labelled by immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization. Furthermore, bcl-2 expression in SSPE was examined by immunohistochemistry. All three cases exhibited varying degrees of apoptosis in all CNS areas studied. Brain tissue from a non-neurological control case did not show any significant apoptosis. Characterization of cell types demonstrated neurons, oligodendrocytes, lymphocytes and microglia undergoing apoptosis. A linear relationship could not be established between virus burden and the extent of apoptosis in any particular area. Virus-negative cells were observed which were undergoing apoptosis. Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in SSPE was confined to the infiltrating cell population. These results suggest that apoptosis of various cell types may contribute to the neuropathogenesis of measles virus infection in the human CNS, either as a direct effect of viral infection or by cytokine-mediated responses.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1996

A sequential study of experimental porcine paramyxovirus (LPMV) infection of pigs: immunostaining of cryostat sections and virus isolation.

La Piedad Michoacan Paramyxovirus (LPMV) is a recently recognized paramyxovirus infecting pigs throughout Mexico. Disease syndromes observed in field cases associated with LPMV infection include neurologic, respiratory, and reproductive disorders. Clinical signs and the distribution of LPMV virus and antigen in tissue samples from pigs experimentally infected with LPMV by natural routes were studied. Severe neurologic disease and death occurred following experimental inoculation of 3- and 17-day-old pigs. All of the pigs inoculated at 3 days of age were either dead or moribund by 8 days after inoculation, whereas 30% of the pigs inoculated at 17 days of age were affected. Virus was consistently recovered from or demonstrated in tissues from the respiratory tract of both groups of pigs. LPMV and antigen were also demonstrated in central nervous system (CNS) tissues from these pigs; however, differences in virus distribution within the CNS were demonstrated in the 2 groups. In the pigs inoculated at 17 days of age, isolation of LPMV was restricted to the olfactory bulb and midbrain. In contrast, in the pigs inoculated at 3 days of age, isolation of LPMV was more widespread throughout the CNS tissue examined. Virus excretion studies indicated that nasal spread of LPMV was more important than fecal spread. Comparatively large quantities of infectious LPMV were consistently recovered from urine samples of experimentally infected pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Microwave antigen retrieval for immunocytochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded post-mortem CNS tissue.

Microwave antigen retrieval methods were assessed for a panel of antibodies on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from a range of human central nervous system (CNS) tissues taken at post-mortem. The immunoreactivity of a number of antigens (synaptophysin, PGP9.5, GFAP, carbonic anhydrase II, CD68, ferritin, HLA-DR, alpha beta-crystallin, measles and herpes viruses) was markedly enhanced by this procedure compared with other methods of antigen unmasking, such as trypsinization. Enhancement was noted both by an increased number of positive cells and by the intensity of reactions within individual cells and their processes. Furthermore, the microwave method produced uniform immunostaining over large surface area sections with no loss of morphological detail. Large cryostat sections of CNS tissue can be difficult to obtain with good morphology. The ability to retrieve a wide range of antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded CNS tissue will greatly increase the range of investigations that can be carried out on this type of stored material.

Antigens↗
PubMed1994

Monoclonal IgM cold agglutinins with anti-Pr1d specificity in a patient with peripheral neuropathy.

A patient with a demyelinating sensory motor polyneuropathy secondary to IgM paraproteinaemia is reported. The paraprotein binds to the gangliosides GD1b, GT1b, GQ1b and GD3, all of which contain disialosyl groups with the sequence NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal. The paraprotein also acts as a cold agglutinin recognising the sialic-acid-dependent Pr1d antigenic determinant of the red cell membrane glycophorins. In this and in similar cases that have been reported, the coexistence of anti-Pr cold agglutinins and peripheral neuropathy suggest that they might be the causative agents of the disease.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1993

Cold autoagglutinins with anti-Pr specificity associated with fresh varicella infection.

Cold agglutinins with the rare anti-Pr specificity were identified in an adult patient with fresh varicella infection. The antibody was of the IgM kappa type with subspecificity anti-Pr3d and caused a haemolytic episode in the patient. In the only previously reported case in which cold agglutinins were associated with varicella infection, the antibody specificity was also anti-Pr.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1993

Benign urethral polyps.

Ten male patients presented between 1985 and 1991 with benign urethral polyps. This lesion is believed to represent a developmental error in the invagination process of the submucous glandular material of the inner zone of the prostate. The clinicopathological features of the condition are discussed and the literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Role of group C beta-hemolytic streptococci in pharyngitis: epidemiologic study of clinical features associated with isolation of group C streptococci.

All Lancefield group C beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated over 12 months from college students with clinical pharyngitis and age-matched healthy controls were identified. Clinical features of upper respiratory tract infection and pyogenic pharyngitis as well as colony counts were tabulated for each patient according to throat culture results. Of 1,480 patients, Lancefield group C Streptococcus equisimilis was isolated from 45 (3%) patients and Streptococcus anginosus ("Streptococcus milleri") was isolated from 164 (11.1%) patients. Patients from whom S. equisimilis was isolated had clinical features more suggestive of pyogenic infection than did patients from whom S. anginosus was isolated. Colony counts on primary throat culture plates from patients from whom S. equisimilis and Streptococcus pyogenes were isolated were higher than those from patients from whom S. anginosus was isolated. This study presents epidemiologic evidence supporting a role for S. equisimilis in causing pharyngeal infection and for S. anginosus as representing part of the normal oropharyngeal flora.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Identification by immunoblotting of the erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins that carry the Vw and Mur antigens.

Immunoblotting of the separated membrane components of MiI erythrocytes with anti-Vw identified a band of Mr 40,000 with a mobility close to that of beta-sialoglycoprotein corresponding to the abnormal alpha-sialoglycoprotein present in MiI cells. A comparison of results obtained when MiIII erythrocytes were immunoblotted with anti-Mur, anti-s and the monoclonal antibody R1.3, indicated that the Mur antigen is located on the abnormal delta-sialoglycoprotein of Mr 36,000 in MiIII erythrocytes. Prior treatment of MiI erythrocytes with neuraminidase resulted in an increase in the intensity of staining of the anti-Vw reactive component. This was consistent with the enhanced reactions observed in haemagglutination tests with neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes. The mobility of the Vw component was reduced when erythrocytes were pre-treated with low concentrations of neuraminidase but increased when higher concentrations of neuraminidase were used.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry of anaplastic large cell Ki-1-positive lymphoma. A report of three cases.

BACKGROUND: Large cell anaplastic Ki-1 lymphoma is a cytologically undifferentiated malignant lymphoma that needs to be distinguished from a variety of other neoplasms using immunohistochemistry. CASES: The cytopathologic, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of three cases of Ki-1-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma are presented. The patients comprised two females and one male, ranging in age from 48 to 82 years. Presentation was with peripheral lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of an enlarged lymph node in each case revealed single cells and poorly cohesive groups of cells with large, pleomorphic nuclei, many containing prominent nucleoli, and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. Many binucleate and multinucleate tumor cells were present. In each case the cytologic features suggested metastatic anaplastic carcinoma. The histopathologic features of excised nodes were also suggestive of this diagnosis, with cohesive groups of cells and many multinucleate tumor giant cells. In one case malignant cells were confined to subcapsular and medullary sinuses, further highlighting the resemblance to metastatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining of histologic sections confirmed the diagnosis of large cell anaplastic, Ki-1-positive lymphoma, with the tumor cells in the three cases showing diffuse and strong positive staining for Ki-1 antigen. Further immunohistochemistry revealed tumor cells in two cases to be positive for leukocyte common antigen, two cases to express B-cell markers and one case to express T-cell markers. CONCLUSION: The fine needle aspiration biopsy findings confirmed that large cell anaplastic, Ki-1-positive lymphoma should be considered in the cytologic differential diagnosis of anaplastic tumor within a lymph node. The differential diagnosis may include anaplastic carcinoma, malignant melanoma, sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease and histiocytic lymphoma. Immunostaining of fine needle aspiration biopsy material or, preferably, of histologic tissue sections is necessary for confirmation of the diagnosis.

Aged↗