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Biomedical subjects

B Herbeth

Publications and source records attributed to B Herbeth.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Family resemblance in breakfast energy intake: the Stanislas Family Study.

BACKGROUND: There seems to be a consensus that family influences on dietary habits are important. However, no data relative to breakfast have been published yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether and how breakfast energy intake aggregates within French families. DESIGN: A total of 398 families of the Stanislas Family Study who filled in a 3 day food consumption diary were selected. Absolute and relative breakfast energy intakes (BEI in kcal/day and RBEI in percentage of daily intake, respectively) were both studied. RESULTS: By using a variance component analysis, no genetic influence was shown in family aggregation of both BEI and RBEI. Intra-generation common environmental contribution to total phenotypic variance of BEI and RBEI was higher than inter-generation; both were increased with frequency of sharing breakfast. Furthermore frequency of sharing breakfast contributed to increase family resemblance in breakfast energy intake, particularly in offspring for BEI and RBEI, and in spouses for RBEI. Smoking habits, alcohol consumption, BMI or physical activity were related to family resemblance, but after adjustment on each factor degrees of resemblance were almost unchanged. CONCLUSION: General findings of this study were that family aggregation in breakfast absolute and relative energy intakes was significant within Stanislas families. Family resemblance depended on inter- and intra-generation components and was modified by the number of shared breakfasts. Our study confirmed that familial habits act on family resemblance in both absolute and relative breakfast energy intakes, so that family should be a favorite unit for health and diet promotion programs. SPONSORSHIP: Kellogg's PA, France.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Apolipoproteins E and C-III in apo B- and non-apo B-containing lipoproteins in middle-aged women from the Stanislas cohort: effect of oral contraceptive use and common apolipoprotein E polymorphism.

Oral contraceptive (OC) use and common apo E polymorphism are well known to modify serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. The combined effect of OC use and apo E genotype on the concentration of apo E or apo C-III in apo B- (apo E-LpB or apo C-III-LpB) or in non-apo B-containing lipoparticles (apo E-Lp-non-B or apo C-III-Lp-non-B) are unknown. Our study comprised 613 women, aged 30-45 years, genotyped for common apo E polymorphism and who differed in their combined low-dose OC consumption. The concentrations of apo C-III, apo C-III-LpB and apo C-III-Lp-non-B were significantly higher in OC users than in non-users by 13, 23 and 8% respectively, without significant interaction with the apo E genotype. The concentrations of apo E and apo E-Lp-non-B were significantly lower (differences being -14% and -31% respectively) in OC users than in controls whereas the apo E-LpB concentration was significantly higher (+19%), resulting in a redistribution of apo E from Lp-non-B towards LpB. Total apo E and apo E-Lp-non-B concentrations were higher in subjects carrying the epsilon2 allele and lower in those with the epsilon4 allele when compared to epsilon3/epsilon3 subjects (P < 0.001). The opposite held for the apo E- LpB concentration (P < 0.05). The main finding is the significant interaction between apo E genotype and OC use (P < 0.01) on apo E-Lp-non-B concentration, the epsilon4 carriers showing the smallest differences between OC users and non-users in comparison with the epsilon2 or epsilon3/epsilon3 carriers. These results suggest that the common apo E polymorphism can modulate the OC use effect.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

LEPR gene polymorphisms: associations with overweight, fat mass and response to diet in women.

BACKGROUND: In humans, a mutation of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) leads to a rare obese syndrome of mendelian inheritance. However, obesity in humans results from interactions between genes and environment, mainly nutritional factors. Variations at the LEPR locus could be involved in the regulation of body weight. DESIGN: Genetic variations at the LEPR locus were screened in a selection of 30 French overweight subjects by Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, then an association study between genotypes and obesity phenotypes was performed in 179 French overweight patients recruited from the Nutrition Department of Bichat Hospital in Paris who were prescribed a low calorie diet and in 387 unrelated volunteers (98 overweight, 289 normal weight) drawn from the Stanislas Family Study in Nancy. RESULTS: Two new genetic variants were found: T + 70-->C (exon 1) and Asp (A) 96 Asp (G) (exon 4). In Nancy, the T + 70-->C polymorphism was associated with fat mass adjusted for BMI in women (P = 0.025). The genotype and allele frequencies of the Ser (T) 343 Ser (C) polymorphism (exon 9) were significantly different between normal and overweight women, with the T allele being more frequent in the overweight group (T frequency in Nancy, 0.82; in Nancy + Paris, 0.79) than in the normal weight group (0.69; P = 0.017 vs. Nancy overweight, P = 0.003 vs. Nancy + Paris overweight). In women from Nancy, fat mass adjusted for BMI was significantly associated with this polymorphism (P = 0.01). The overweight women carrying the C allele of this polymorphism lost more weight in response to low calorie diet than the non carriers (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In women, genetic variations at the LEPR gene level are associated with overweight and fat mass in a cross sectional study and with response to low calorie diet in an intervention study. These results indicate that variations at the leptin receptor locus are associated with common obesity phenotypes and are a part of the polygenic influences on the response to nutritional environment.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR): biological variations and reference limits.

The aim of this study was to establish soluble serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) reference limits. sTfR was measured in 885 healthy subjects from 3 to 91 years old (433 men, 409 women), without hematological abnormalities, using an immunonephelometric assay. The sTfR median concentrations in our population decreased gradually from the group aged 3-10 years to the group aged 21-40 years, then there were no changes in the older groups except for the females >60 years of age. The interindividual variability ranged from 12.6% to 30.3% among different age groups, and the analytical variability was 5%. Biological factors and other factors associated with sTfR concentration variation were examined and accounted for 35% of the sTfR variability in men aged 20 years or less, and 18% in those older than 20 years. Also, they accounted for 45% of the variability in women aged 20 years or less and 14% in those older than 20 years. The main factors statistically associated with sTfR concentration in males were ferritin, orosomucoid, hemoglobin, and tobacco in all age groups and only mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in males less than 20 years old. In the females the main factors were age, orosomucoid, and hemoglobin in all age groups, MCV and tobacco in females less than 20 years old, and ferritin and physical activity in females more than 20 years old. These factors were used to define the exclusion and partition criteria for obtaining the reference samples. Medians for reference values were: 1.60 mg/l in the 3-10-year old group (males and females); 1.42 mg/l in males between 11 and 20 years of age, and 1.33 mg/l in females of the same age. In the other age groups, the median of the reference values was 1.16 mg/l, except in females over 60 years old, for whom it was 1.26 mg/l.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

High sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) reference intervals in the elderly.

High sensitivity C-reactive protein is a useful marker in clinical practice; however, reference intervals are not available for all age groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for elderly people. The non-parametric reference limits were calculated for the two genders, subdivided into two age classes (50-64 and 65-91 years). In our selected sample population, we did not observe significant gender differences.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Association of the G-2548A polymorphism in the 5' region of the LEP gene with overweight.

Mutations in the translated part of the leptin gene (LEP) have been found in only two families. Nevertheless DNA polymorphisms in the LEP region are linked to extreme obesity. We previously found in the 5' region of LEP a polymorphism, G-2548A, associated with a differerce in BMI reduction following a low calorie diet in overweight women. Recently, this polymorphism was associated with extreme obesity in women. In this work, we genotyped a new sample from the general population including 314 normal weight (BMI < 27 kg/m2) and 109 overweight subjects (BMI > or = 27 kg/m2). The genotype and allele frequencies were significantly different between groups, with the G-2548 allele being more frequent in the overweight subjects (p < 0.01). In men, carriers of this allele had lower leptin concentrations adjusted for fat mass (p = 0.05). Our results indicate that variations at the leptin locus are associated with common obesity phenotypes, and not only with extreme obesity or the rare mendelian obesity syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphism is associated with food and alcohol intake in obese people.

OBJECTIVE: To test the association between a polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene, -1438G/A, and energy and nutrients intake, including alcohol. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and seventy six unrelated overweight subjects (180 women, 96 men) were recruited from the Nutrition Department of Bichat Hospital in Paris on the basis of 120% of ideal body weight (body mass index, BMI=33.3+/-4.8 kg/m2). A second overweight sample (31 women, 49 men) was drawn from the Stanislas Family Study, composed of volunteers for a free health examination in Nancy (BMI=29.6+/-3.1 kg/m2). MEASUREMENTS: Energy and nutrients intake were assessed using the diet history method in Paris and the 3-day record method in Nancy. We analyzed the polymorphism by PCR followed by MspI digestion. Statistical differences between genotypes were assessed by using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: In the whole overweight population, the A allele was associated with lower energy intake 10. 3+/-2.8, 9.9+/-2.8, 9.3+/-2.9 MJ/day for GG, GA and AA genotypes respectively (P<0.05). This association was significant in the patient sample from Paris and in the overweight male volunteers from Nancy. Allele A-related lowering in energy intake was due to a trend to lower intakes in all the main nutrients. The A allele was also associated with a lower alcohol consumption: 18.4+/-19.7, 15.3+/-21. 2 and 12.3+/-17.5 g/day for GG, GA and AA genotypes, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that a gene polymorphism may influence food and alcohol intake in overweight humans. This could be explained by the role of the serotonergic system as a determinant of food intake.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Dietary intakes, eating style and overweight in the Stanislas Family Study.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the eating patterns of members of French families and to assess the relationships between dietary intakes, eating style and overweight. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of nutritional and behavioural characteristics. SUBJECTS: 1,320 members of 387 families (age 11-65y) attending the Centre for Preventive Medicine for a routine medical check-up. MEASUREMENTS: Individual body weight and height were measured. Food intake was assessed using a three day dietary record. Eating style was measured using the French validated version of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. RESULTS: In each of the four groups (men, women, boys and girls), dietary restraint was positively correlated with overweight (P< or =0.001) and associated with lower energy intakes (P < or = 0.05-P < or = 0.001). A negative association between energy intake and overweight was found in girls only (P< or =0.001). In all cases, overweight and dietary restraint exaggerated any existing macronutrient imbalance in energy intake (ie higher protein and fat contributions, lower carbohydrate contribution). Emotional eating was positively correlated to body mass index in women only (P< or =0.01). External eating was mainly a characteristic of children (P< or =0.001). CONCLUSION: As in overweight subjects, clear relationships were found in this sample of general population between dietary intakes and eating style. The population will be followed up for 10y. In the long term, these results should have implications in the prevention of obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Lipoprotein lipase (C/G)447 polymorphism and blood pressure in the Stanislas Cohort.

OBJECTIVE: Association between blood pressure and triglyceride levels, and between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (C/G)447 polymorphism and triglyceride levels has been described. We investigated whether the LPL (C/G)447 polymorphism was associated with blood pressure (BP) levels and longitudinal changes. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: For cross-sectional analysis, 767 men and 816 women (29-55 years) were selected from the Stanislas Cohort, a cohort of volunteers for a free health check-up. Only subjects without anti-hypertensive or lipid-lowering medication were included in the study. A subset of this sample population, 359 men and 337 women, had been followed during the 11 years prior to recruitment in the Stanislas Cohort and was used for longitudinal analysis. RESULTS: The cross-sectional study showed that serum triglyceride levels differed significantly according to LPL genotypes in both genders, the G447 allele being associated with the lowest triglyceride levels (P < or = 0.01). Univariate and multivariate analysis found that LPL polymorphism was not related to BP levels in men. In contrast, women with the LPL-G447 allele had lower systolic (SBP) and pulse (PP) pressure levels than those with the LPL-CC genotype (P < or = 0.01 and P < or = 0.05, respectively); this association being independent of triglyceride level. The longitudinal study showed LPL genotype was an independent predictor of PP and SBP follow-up levels in women; changes over 11 years being lower for LPL-G447 allele carriers (P < or = 0.05). These associations were independent of triglyceride level. CONCLUSION: The LPL-G447 allele was found associated with lower PP and SBP independently of triglyceride level in women. This result suggests that the LPL gene may influence blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effect of short- and long-term storage on human serum and recombinant apolipoprotein E concentration.

In order to assess the short- and long-term stability of apolipoprotein (apo) E concentration in serum, we compared the apo E concentrations measured in fresh human serum samples with those determined after storage at +4 degrees C, -20 degrees C or -80 degrees C. The serum apo E concentration was measured by immunoturbidimetry using an anti-human apo E polyclonal antibody from goats. One week storage at +4 degrees C did not significantly affect the serum apo E concentration. At -20 degrees C or -80 degrees C no significant change in apo E concentration occurred during up to three months of storage. Moreover, the concentration of apo E was not modified after long-term storage of serum samples kept at -196 degrees C in liquid nitrogen for up to four years. In addition, 15 freeze-thaw cycles, over a 3-week period, did not affect the apo E concentration in serum. A similar freeze-thaw procedure applied to purified human recombinant apo E showed that apo E2 isoform was the most stable in comparison with the apo E3 and apo E4 isoforms.

Apolipoproteins E↗
PubMed2000

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and serum concentration in Alzheimer's disease in nine European centres: the ApoEurope study. ApoEurope group.

As part of the ApoEurope Project, apolipoprotein E (apo E) common polymorphism and serum concentration were determined in 489 Alzheimer's disease patients and 429 controls. Patients and controls were recruited through nine centres in eight European countries. Age, sex ratios and education levels of both case and control populations were similar, although discrete differences appeared between centres. The prevalence of the epsilon4 allele was higher in Alzheimer's disease than in controls (increased by 140%), while serum apo E concentration was lower by 11.2% (p<0.001). In addition, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were lower in Alzheimer's disease (p<0.001), while that of apo Al was not affected. The decrease in serum apo E concentration was not accounted for by the epsilon4 allele, age or gender, suggesting that apo E concentration might represent an additional risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, complementary and independent of the epsilon4 allele. Further analysis will be aimed at determining whether the quantitative link between apo E concentration and Alzheimer's disease occurs through the effect of apo E genotype on lipid parameters or by other mechanisms.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and concentration in chronic diseases and drug responses.

Apolipoprotein (apo) E is an important circulating and tissue protein involved in cholesterol homeostasis and many other functions. The common polymorphism in the coding region of the gene, four polymorphisms in the promoter region, other additional single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as several apo E variants have been identified. The common coding polymorphism strongly influences the lipid metabolism and the circulating concentration of apo E itself. This polymorphism is at the origin of the implication of apo E in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, but also of the relation of apo E with longevity. Probably due to its many metabolic and functional consequences, apo E polymorphism has been shown to influence the responses of patients to several drugs (fibrates, statins, hormone replacement therapy, anti-Alzheimer drugs) or environmental interventions (black tea, alcohol, diet). Apo E genotyping may be clinically helpful in defining the risk of patients and their responses to therapeutics. Finally, circulating apo E concentration appears to be altered in diseases and can be modulated by some of the drugs cited above. This parameter can thus also give interesting clinical information and could be a therapeutic target, providing it is validated. At the present time, we cannot exclude that apo E concentration may be the most prominent apo E parameter to be considered in health and disease, while apo E polymorphisms would represent only secondary parameters influencing apo E concentration.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

High sensitivity C-reactive protein: biological variations and reference limits.

Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was determined for 3605 subjects using an immunonephelometric assay improved to provide greater sensitivity. Subjects were from 5 to 75 years old and belonging to 1003 nuclear families recruited from the Stanislas Cohort Study between January 1994 and August 1995. Sample values for CRP ranged from 0.17 mg/l to 100 mg/l. Geometric means (mean - SD; mean +/- SD) were in the 5-14 years old group 0.37 (0.17-1.07) mg/l, in the 15-28 years old group 0.47 (0.17-1.38) mg/l and in the 29-75 years old group 0.98 (0.34-2.85) mg/l. For women, the geometric means were 0.38 (0.17-1.10) mg/l, 0.62 (0.20-1.90) mg/l and 0.98 mg/l (0.31-3.13) mg/l respectively. The interindividual variability ranged from 138% to 759% among different age classes. Biological factors associated with CRP concentration variations were examined and accounted for 25% of the CRP variability in men and 40% in women. The main biological factors statistically associated with CRP concentration variations in men were: drugs, leukocyte count, body mass index, tobacco consumption, age, and in women: drugs, leukocyte count, age, body mass index and hemoglobin concentration. These factors were used to define the exclusion and partition criteria when obtaining the reference samples. Medians for reference values ranged from 0.20 to 0.68 mg/l in males and from 0.20 to 0.78 mg/l in women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Bivariate familial correlation analysis of quantitative traits by use of estimating equations: application to a familial analysis of the insulin resistance syndrome.

Familial correlation analysis involving two traits may give a better insight into the etiology of multifactorial syndromes than familial analysis focused on single traits. Significant cross-trait correlations between biological relatives but not between spouses suggest that the two traits share common transmissible factors whereas correlations between spouses additionally suggest the influence of shared lifestyle factors. We apply the Estimating Equations (EE) technique to the estimation of intra-trait and cross-trait familial correlations on two quantitative traits. Unlike maximum likelihood methods, the EE method does not require one to specify the joint distribution of the traits. Estimation of correlations and of their variance involves an iterative three-stage algorithm which converges rapidly. The generalized Wald test can be used to test any specific hypothesis of familial resemblance. This method has great flexibility for handling covariates and incomplete family data. A simulation study indicated that the EE technique performed well in large samples (100 families), both in terms of type I error and coverage probability . However, in small samples (50 families), an increase of the type I error and a decrease of the coverage probability was observed. As an illustration, we applied this technique to a family study of metabolic factors involved in the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (body mass index, insulin, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure). The study was carried out in a sample of 216 healthy nuclear families with > or =2 offspring. The results suggested the existence of a common transmissible (genetic or cultural) factor influencing both body mass index and insulin, whereas the weak clustering of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol would be more compatible with the influence of shared lifestyle factors.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

Measurement of thiols in human plasma using liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection.

A liquid chromatography (LC) method for the simultaneous measurement of the main low molecular mass thiols (i.e., cysteine, cysteinylglycine, homocysteine, and glutathione) in human plasma is described. The sample treatment consists of the reduction of disulfide bounds with tri-n-butylphosphine and protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid followed by precolumn derivatization with a thiol-selective fluorogenic reagent (7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonamide). The structure of thiol derivatives is assessed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS). The stability of resulting adducts in acidic medium (24 h at 10 degrees C) allows the automation of the technique and a high throughput of samples (approximately 50 per day). Separation is complete within 12 min using isocratic reversed-phase mode, and detection is operated by spectrofluorimetry (lambda ex = 385 nm and lambda em = 515 nm). Quantitation is performed by an internal standardization mode using thioglycolic acid. The LC method is fully validated, and homocysteine concentrations obtained in plasma samples are compared with values measured using either fluorescence polarization immunoassay or capillary gas chromatography-MS; a good correlation is observed between LC and both methods. The method has been applied in daily use to a large-scale study in a human healthy population, and some resulting data are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Characterization and quantification of serum lipoprotein subfractions by capillary isotachophoresis: relationships with lipid, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein levels.

Human serum lipoproteins are currently defined according to their density as well as according to their electrophoretic mobility. They can be fractionated into discrete subspecies which exhibit variations in their structure and function. Capillary electrophoresis has been suggested to be a potential analytical strategy in understanding metabolic lipoprotein heterogeneity. In a sample of 35 normolipidemic subjects, we analyzed ceramide-labeled serum lipoproteins by capillary isotachophoresis linked to laser-induced fluorescent detection. Capillary isotachophoresis showed advantage to be an automated, rapid (6 min) and reproducible (CV < 7%) separation mode, on-line monitoring lipoprotein subfractions according to net charge. HDL were separated into three subfractions: i) the fast migrating HDL correlated positively with serum apoA-I (P < 0.05) and negatively with triglyceride (P < 0.01) concentrations, ii) the intermediate migrating HDL involved in HDL-cholesterol delivery and inversely related to LDL particles concentration (P < 0.001), and iii) the slow migrating prebeta(1)HDL. Triglyceride level was significantly associated with two fractions: i) the VLDL fraction correlated positively with apoE serum concentration (P < 0.01), and ii) the IDL fraction closely and positively associated with apoC-III-containing lipoprotein level (P < 0.001). Two LDL subfractions were positively related to LDL-cholesterol (0.05 </= P < 0.01) and might characterize, respectively, small dense and large buoyant LDL subfractions: i) the fast migrating LDL, positively linked to apoB concentration and to LpCIII:B (P < 0.01) reflecting altered IDL metabolism, and ii) the slow migrating LDL. Analytical capillary isotachophoresis of fluorescent-stained lipoprotein subfractions might represent an efficient qualitative and quantitative tool which would afford complementary information on lipoprotein metabolism to current clinical lipoprotein analysis.

Adult↗