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Biomedical subjects

B Helpap

Publications and source records attributed to B Helpap.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Histological and immunohistochemical findings of prostatic carcinoma after external or interstitial radiotherapy.

In a retrospective study, the extent of reactions of different types of prostatic carcinomas to external or interstitial radiotherapy was compared with reactions to hormonal therapy. It is shown that prostatic carcinomas of different grades of differentiation can be divided into two main subgroups with distinctly different survival rates; i.e., prostatic carcinomas grades of malignancy Ib/IIa and grades IIb/III. Within an observation time of 10 years, the prostatic carcinoma grade of malignancy Ib/IIa shows a good response to external and interstitial radiotherapy. None of the patients died of the prostatic carcinoma. In the more poorly differentiated prostatic carcinomas, 2 out of 11 patients with external radiotherapy died of the carcinoma. The death rates from disease after hormonal therapy were higher, and the survival times were very short without therapy. Regressive changes are much more distinctly expressed in the better-differentiated carcinoma group. Differential diagnostic difficulties between regressive changes in carcinomatous glands and normal glands could be resolved by immunohistochemical proof of high-molecular-mass cytokeratin in basal cells.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1990

Nucleolar grading of renal cancer. Correlation of frequency and localization of nucleoli to histologic and cytologic grading and stage of renal cell carcinomas.

Cytologic-nucleolar grading of carcinomas includes mitotic frequency, mean nuclear size, nuclear variability, degree of chromasia and nucleolar frequency, and the occurrence of singular or multiple, small or large nucleoli in the central or peripheral location. A total of 186 renal cell carcinomas were analyzed cytologically in this respect. The results were correlated to the histologic pattern, tumor stage, and grading. Renal cell carcinomas of low malignancy and stage possess a low nucleolar frequency and small solitary nucleoli in the central location. Highly malignant carcinomas (T3 or T4) are characterized by high nucleolar frequency and multiple prominent nucleoli in the eccentric position. There is no correlation to the histologic pattern. Therefore, the nucleolar status is helpful in grading and determination of prognosis of renal cell carcinomas.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1989

[Synthesis of a tetrasaccharide unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 9V].

In the synthesis of 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- mannopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-alpha-D- glucopyranoside, which represents a component of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 9V, the key step was the coupling of alpha-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-ManpNAc-(1----4)-D-Glc as glycosyl donor with 8-ethoxy-carbonyloctyl 6-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as glycosyl acceptor by use of the imidate method. Only the beta-imidate of the trisaccharide could be employed in this glycosidation reaction to give stereoselectively the tetrasaccharide in high yield. The alpha-imidate of the trisaccharide led to hydrolysis of the imidate group.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1989

Nucleolar grading of breast cancer. Comparative studies on frequency and localization of nucleoli and histology, stage, hormonal receptor status and lectin histochemistry.

The localization and number of nucleoli of tumour nuclei were examined after conventional histological typing of breast carcinomas (WHO classification), staging, biochemical receptor status, and lectin binding site histochemistry. With increasing histological atypia and grade of malignancy, the frequency of nucleoli increased significantly and their location shifted from the center to the nuclear periphery. These changes correlated with an increase in indices of mitosis and cell loss. The nucleolar size correlated with the increase in the grade of malignancy. Hormone receptor and lectin binding site positive carcinomas were characterized by a low nucleolar frequency and by small nucleoli in central position, whereas carcinomas with high grades of malignancy and negative hormone receptor and lectin binding site status showed large, often multiple nucleoli in eccentrical position at a high frequency. The studies have demonstrated that nucleolar status is an easily practicable histological/cytological method for use in the assessment of prognosis of carcinomas of the breast.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Histological and cytological (nucleolar) grading of renal cell carcinoma].

Cytological-nucleolar grading of carcinomas includes mitotic frequency, mean nuclear size, nuclear varibility, degree of chromasia and nucleolar frequency, the occurrence of singular or multiple, small or large nucleoli in central or peripheral location. 186 renal cell carcinomas were analysed cytologically in this respect. The results were correlated to the histological pattern, tumor stage, and grading. Renal cell carcinomas of low malignancy possess a low nucleolar frequency and small solitary nucleoli in central location. Highly malignant carcinomas are characterised by high nucleolar frequency and multiple prominent nucleoli in eccentrical position. There is no correlation between nucleolar grading and histological pattern as well as tumor stage. Therefore, the nucleolar status is helpful in grading and determination of prognosis of renal cell carcinomas.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1988

[Synthesis of trisaccharide units from capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae].

In the presence of silver silicate as promoter, the reaction of glycosyl bromide of 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-mannose with 1,6-anhydro-2,3-di-O-benzyl-beta-D- glucopyranose led to derivatives of the disaccharide beta-D-ManpNac-(1----4)-D- Glcp. The derivatives were activated into disaccharide halides and employed as glycosyl donors in block synthesis. By chain extension with L-rhamnose and D-glucose, four trisaccharides were synthesized. They represent components of capsular polysaccharide "repeating units" of various Streptococcus pneumoniae types, beta-D-Man-pNAc-(1----4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1----2)-L-Rhap (type 19 F), beta-D-ManpNAc-(1----4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1----3)-L-Rhap (type 19 A), beta-D-ManpNAc-(1----4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1----4)-D-Glcp (type 9 A), and beta-D-ManpNAc-(1----4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1----4)-D-Glcp (type 9 V).

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical studies on cystic pancreatic neoplasms.

For the treatment of cystic changes of the pancreas, it is essential to distinguish cysts and pseudocysts from neoplasm. Since clinical parameters are usually not characteristic, only histologic and cytologic analyses will prove a diagnosis. The immunohistochemical characteristics of microcystic adenoma, mucinous cystic neoplasia in comparison to solid cystic pancreatic tumor, ductal carcinomas, and endocrine tumors, are studied with a panel of markers as well as enzyme, epithelial, neuroendocrine and pancreatic hormonal markers. The immunohistochemical results with diffuse cytoplasmatic expression of CEA and epithelial markers may be helpful in the exploration of carcinomatous transformed tissue parts within mucinous cystic pancreatic neoplasias, and are therefore of significance for surgical therapy.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1988

Observations on the number, size and localization of nucleoli in hyperplastic and neoplastic prostatic disease.

Specimens of prostate obtained for histopathological and cytological examination by urethral resection and 'punch' biopsies showing carcinoma, atypical and typical hyperplasia were re-examined with regard to the number, size and localization of nucleoli. With increasing degrees of malignancy the number and size of the nucleoli increased and the position of the nucleolus shifted to the periphery of the nucleus. In the cells in typical and slightly atypical prostatic hyperplasia there were few nucleoli which were localized to the centre of the nucleus. In moderately atypical hyperplasia there were intermediate locations, while in severe atypical hyperplasia and 'borderline' malignant cases there was a distinct shift towards the periphery of the nucleus as well as an increase in the number of nucleoli in each nucleus. It is suggested that careful analysis of the number and localization of nucleoli can be helpful in the analysis of the differential diagnosis between carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia of the prostate, which can be difficult in histopathological and cytopathological material.

Cell Nucleolus↗
PubMed1986

Sirenomelia and anencephaly in one of dizygotic twins.

The combination of sirenomelia and anencephaly was observed in a stillborn dizygotic twin. A review of the literature revealed no other patients reported to have both conditions. Various explanations concerning the genesis of sirenomelia, and also the combination with anencephaly, are discussed.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1986

TUR-prostatitis. Histological and immunohistochemical observations on a special type of granulomatous prostatitis.

On discussion of etiology and clinical significance of nonspecific granulomatous prostatitis versus specific forms, most recently in particular, nodular-histiocytic, granulomatous patterns have been described, which were found mainly after electrosurgical transurethral resection for prostatic hyperplasia. In our own studies, the different developmental stages of this type of granulomatous prostatitis were examined. In the initial stage, there is a superficial thermonecrosis with carbonizations, which, sometimes over a period of several months, is resorbed by a cell-rich granulation tissue and finally ends in a fibre-rich, sclerosed cicatrization. With iron stainings, in almost all cases characteristic carbonization inclusions can be detected. The differential diagnosis of centrally caseating tuberculosis and rheumatoid nodules is considered. Immunohistochemical analyses have shown that with increasing glandular destruction in the course of the purulent-granulomatous and sclerosing form of inflammation, the epithelial reaction to prostate specific antigen markers decreases. The diagnosis of the so-called TUR-caused granulomatous prostatitis is of clinical significance because, in this case, any nonspecific therapeutic management will be superfluous. On the other hand, the granulomatous, carbonized processes can be removed by so-called cold biopsies, and thus the cause of the chronic inflammatory process can be eliminated very soon.

Antigens↗