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Biomedical subjects

B Head

Publications and source records attributed to B Head.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Hospice outcomes: meeting requirements and developing a national consensus.

This article describes the rationale for outcome measurement in hospice care and the requirements related to such measurement as stipulated by regulatory bodies, third party payers, and accreditation organizations. Also discussed are the end-result outcomes of hospice care and efforts by the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization to develop consensus related to definition and measurement of these outcomes.

Hospice Care↗
PubMed2001

The prognostication problem.

With increased focus on end-of-life care; prognosis may be finally receiving the attention it deserves. Hopefully, this will result in further research, the development of effective tools, and adequate education and training related to prognostication.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2001

The effect of 7 days of creatine supplementation on 24-hour urinary creatine excretion.

Since the discovery that oral ingestion of creatine leads to an increase in intramuscular creatine, its supplementation has become widespread. However, the dosage necessary to maximize retention and create significant increases in intramuscular creatine is poorly understood. In this study, 24-hour urinary creatine and creatinine levels of 20 university men's football players and 20 university men's hockey players involved in a resistance-exercise program and supplementing with creatine were collected and analyzed. In a double-blind, randomized design, 10 football players and 10 hockey players were randomly assigned to either the supplement or placebo group. Subjects provided a 24-hour urine sample twice during the study: once prior to supplementation (baseline) and the second 7 days after daily supplementation and resistance exercise. Creatine dosage was 0.1 g x kg(-1) lean body mass. The quantity of creatine ingested was compared with the amount excreted in the urine of those subjects supplementing with creatine and with placebo. Creatinine levels were compared between the first and second urine collection and between groups. Creatine and creatinine concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. In 24-hours, 46% of the ingested creatine was excreted. There was no change in creatine levels for placebo subjects. Creatinine levels remained the same within groups at the first and second collection times (p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that when supplementing with dosages of 0.1 g x kg(-1) lean body mass or between 6 and 8 g at a time, approximately half of the ingested creatine gets excreted. Because there was no change in urinary creatinine, it can be assumed that enhanced degradation of creatine did not occur.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

The nursing outcomes taxonomy: development and coding.

Interest in the theoretical knowledgebase of nursing has increased over the last 25 years and has led to the current interest in middle-range theory development to describe the essence of nursing. This article describes the creation of a three-level taxonomy and coding structure for the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) based on methods developed by the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) work. A model is presented depicting the importance of standardized nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes in the development of the substantive component of nursing practice and to enable nurses to be accountable for care of their clients.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1997

Outcomes for home and community nursing in integrated delivery systems.

In these tumultuous times in health care, nursing providers are under pressure to capture data that demonstrate the effectiveness of nursing interventions on client health. At the University of Iowa, researchers are attempting to develop a client outcome classification system that uses a standardized language across different health care settings to capture this vital information.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1995

Spiral CT of the chest: comparison of cine and film-based viewing.

PURPOSE: To determine radiologists' ability to find lung nodules on spiral computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest with both rapid sequential (cine) and conventional film-based viewing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight radiologists searched for lung nodules on spiral CT images (10-mm collimation, 10 mm/sec table speed) presented in two formats. Cine viewing was performed at a computer work-station; sections were viewed in 2-mm increments at frame rates up to 10 frames per second. Film-based viewing of images from a laser printer was performed with a lightbox; sections were viewed at 4-mm increments. Eight 3-5-mm-diameter simulated nodules were superimposed on each of five normal CT scans. RESULTS: Radiologists found a higher fraction of nodules with the cine presentation than with film (mean, 0.69 +/- 0.02 [standard error] versus 0.58 +/- 0.03, respectively [P = .006]). Diameter thresholds for nodule detection (50% correctly localized) were 3.3 and 3.5 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cine viewing of spiral CT images of the chest improved radiologists' ability to detect nodules.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

NADPH-dependent and -independent loss of cytochrome P-450 in control and phenobarbital-induced rat hepatic microsomes incubated with carbon tetrachloride.

Carbon tetrachloride-mediated loss of cytochrome P-450 has been compared in hepatic microsomes from untreated and phenobarbital-treated rats. At concentrations of carbon tetrachloride greater than 2.5 mM, a direct effect (i.e., NADPH- independent) on cytochrome P-450 was observed. This apparently arose from the "solvent" properties of carbon tetrachloride as this effect could be duplicated with the physically similar alkyl halide 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. NADPH-dependent loss of cytochrome P-450 occurred at lower concentrations with maximal response occurring at 2.5-5.0 mM. Residual cytochrome P-450 at these concentrations was similar in untreated and phenobarbital-treated microsomes. Mixed-function oxidase activities in phenobarbital-treated microsomes were reduced to levels below those of uninduced controls. The 52-kDa polypeptide(s) in untreated microsomes and that specifically induced in phenobarbital-treated microsomes were susceptible to NADPH-dependent carbon tetrachloride incubation. These data suggest that the susceptibility of specific forms of cytochrome P-450 to carbon tetrachloride can be duplicated in in vitro incubation. Furthermore, data on the direct action of carbon tetrachloride suggest that this route of damage must be taken into consideration when concentrations of carbon tetrachloride of 2.5 mM or greater are used in in vitro incubation systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Production of common colds in human volunteers by influenza C virus.

Influenza C virus was intranasally administered to volunteers; most were infected and nine developed symptoms of common cold.Increasing titres of serum haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody and complement-fixing antibody were detected. Virus neutralizing activity in nasal secretion was not correlated with either resistance to infection or the occurrence of overt illness. Interferon was detected in the nasal secretions of some subjects.

Antibodies↗