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Biomedical subjects

B Haneberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Haneberg.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella virus infection during pregnancy. A study of CMV and rubella virus antibodies in 2014 pregnant women and follow-up studies of infants at risk for intrauterine CMV infections.

Two blood samples, one in the first and one in the third trimester, were collected from 2014 pregnant women. Serological tests for CMV and rubella antibodies were performed in the paired samples. Seroconversion by the CF test for CMV antibodies was demonstrated in 15 women. However, seroconversion also by the IF test was found in only one of these. A rise in titer during pregnancy by the CF test was found in 16 woman. None of these specimens contained specific IgM. High CMV-CF antibody titer (greater than 128) in the first serum sample was found in 28 women, but none of the sera contained specific IgM. It is concluded that no single serological test can serve at present as a screening test for the diagnosis of CMV infection during pregnancy. In children thought to be at risk contracting congenital CMV infection, no case with CNS malfunction that could be attributed to a congenital CMV infection could be demonstrated at the age of 7-8 years. One case of seroconversion in the examination for rubella antibodies was found. The infant of this mother showed no clinical signs of rubella infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of acute bacterial meningitis with special emphasis on beta-lactam antibiotics.

Acute bacterial meningitis still represents a therapeutic problem. Successful management depends on early administration of large doses of bactericidal antibiotics and adequate treatment of complications, i.e. shock, acute cerebral edema, consumption coagulopathy, convulsions and electrolyte disturbances. Meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae should be treated with benzylpenicillin. If benzylpenicillin cannot be given, chloramphenicol has remained the best substitute. However, cefuroxime or ceftriaxone now seems to offer an alternative to chloramphenicol. The prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae strains is increasing and chloramphenicol has replaced ampicillin in the treatment of H. influenzae meningitis. Recent studies indicate that cefuroxime, ceftriaxone or moxalactam may be as effective as chloramphenicol in this type of meningitis. In neonatal meningitis, cefotaxime or moxalactam may constitute alternatives to the present regimens with ampicillin-gentamicin, gentamicin-chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole or gentamicin. Promising results have also been obtained with cefotaxime or moxalactam in elderly patients with meningitis due to Gram-negative enteric bacilli. However, more extensive studies are needed to determine the role of the newer cephalosporins in the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Simultaneous measurement of phagocytosis and phagosomal pH by flow cytometry: role of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte granules in phagosome acidification.

Human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNLs) phagocytosed fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled Staphylococcus aureus. Free bacteria, phagocytes, and nonphagocytes were discriminated and quantified by flow cytometry (FCM). The relative fluorescence of phagocyte-associated and free bacteria (Nf:N) was calculated by dividing the mean phagocyte fluorescence by that of the free bacteria and the number of phagocytosed bacteria. Bactericidal capacity and chemiluminescence were measured by standard methods. The red-to-green fluorescence ratio of acridine orange-stained PMNLs (R/G) was measured by FCM. Degradation of bacteria was monitored by the reduction in FITC and ethidiumbromide fluorescence of bacteria liberated from the phagocytes. Bacterial FITC fluorescence was pH dependent. Nf:N was 0.5 to 0.7. Using a standard curve for the interrelationship between bacterial fluorescence and pH, phagosomal pH was 5.0-5.5. Phagocytes, kept at 4 degrees C for 24 h had Nf:N approximately 1, did not degrade bacteria, but killed them and emitted chemiluminescence. NH4Cl increased phagocyte fluorescence by 27% and decreased R/G by 50%. Cyanide and azide did not affect Nf:N. Nf:N of phagocytes from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease was 32% below, and R/G was 32% higher than the controls. Acidification of the phagosomes seems to be related to discharge of PMNL granule contents and independent of the respiratory burst.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1983

Phagocytosis of bacteria by human leukocytes measured by flow cytometry.

A new method has been developed for the evaluation of the phagocytic activity of human leukocytes using fluorescently labeled bacteria and flow cytometry. By simultaneous measurement of cellular light scatter and fluorescence, extracellular bacteria, phagocytes, and nonphagocytes could be discriminated and quantified. All leukocytes assumed to be capable of phagocytosis were phagocytosing, and about 90% of these cells were polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes. Within 15 min 85% of the bacteria were phagocytosed and each phagocyte contained an average of 15-20 bacteria. The phagocytic capacity of the leukocytes from healthy individuals showed minor interindividual and day-to-day variations. This method facilitates a rapid and accurate in vitro evaluation of the phagocytic activity of human leukocytes.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

Heparin for infants and children with meningococcal septicemia. Results of a randomized therapeutic trial.

Heparin has been given intravenously, as part of a prospective study, to 11 of 26 infants and children with severe meningococcal septicemia. This therapy was started as early as possible following admission to hospital, and continued for two days. The age and sex distributions were roughly similar for the two treatment groups, but the prognostic signs on admission were somewhat less favourable for the group that did not receive heparin. Two boys who received heparin and two girls who did not, died. The clinical courses of the surviving patients in the two groups were also roughly similar, except that the tendency to cutaneous necroses was slightly more prominent in those who had not received heparin. We have thus no evidence that heparin has any great influence on the final outcome of meningococcal septicemia, even when given so early that shock had not developed.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Factors preceding the onset of meningococcal disease, with special emphasis on passive smoking, symptoms of ill health.

In a prospective study of 115 patients with systemic meningococcal disease, 61 control patients and 293 population controls, environmental and other factors which preceded the illness and which might have influenced the acquisition and case fatality rate of the meningococcal disease were investigated. Passive smoking in children under 12 year of age, stressful events, and symptoms and signs of preceding illness within the last two weeks were significantly more frequent in meningococcal patients than among the population controls. In contrast, those patients who had been exposed to stressful events, or who had symptoms or signs of ill-health preceding the meningococcal disease, had significantly reduced case fatality rates as compared to those who had not had any such experiences. Passive smoking remains a factor of great interest for further studies and intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The early phase of meningococcal disease.

In a prospective case control study in Norway during the winter 1981-1982, 115 patients with systemic meningococcal disease were compared with 61 patient controls. Initially, skin bleedings, reduced general condition and consciousness, and body pain were seen more often, but irritability less often in meningococcal patients than in the patient controls. The meningococcal patients presented symptoms typical of infectious diseases in general. Symptoms that correlated with a poor prognosis of the meningococcal disease were reduced consciousness, cyanosis, and early diarrhea. The mean time interval from start of the meningococcal disease until admission to hospital was 34 hours. No deaths occurred when less than six hours elapsed before it was decided to admit the patient. All fatal cases were admitted by the first doctor who saw the meningococcal patient. Contact with the family doctor does not seem to have reduced the risk of death. To avoid unnecessary delays, access to hospitals should be facilitated, and efforts should be made to shorten the time interval before patients with relevant symptoms are seen by a doctor.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Antigens Common to Scabies and House dust Mites.

Twenty-five antigens were demonstrated in a crude Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) extract by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), using a rabbit anti-DF serum. With the same antiserum, four antigens were demonstrated in a scabies mite preparations, indicating an immunological relationship between these scabies antigens and some of the DF antigens. In tandem CIE experiments the DF antigens were found to be partly identical to three of the scabies antigens. No IgE activity against any of these scabies antigens was evident in pooled sera from patients with house dust mite allergy by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. However, one such patient had IgE antibodies to a DF antigen and a partial identical scabies antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Clinical assessment of gestational age in the newborn infant. An evaluation of two methods.

The scoring systems of Dubowitz et al. and Parkin et al. were evaluated in two selected materials of newborn infants referred to a neonatal unit. Our estimation of gestational age by Dubowitz scores tended to be too high for the extreme prematures. "Small-for-dates" were also overestimated, whilst "appropriate-for-dates" and infants with respiratory difficulties were underestimated. "Large-for-dates" fell close to the standard curve. Ninety-five per cent confidence limits were up to +/- 5 weeks for Dubowitz scores and nearly +/- 6 weeks for Parkin scores. Further statistical analysis displayed some limitations in the use of linear regression formulas for scoring systems based on external and/or neurological characteristics. Thus, the results obtained with these methods must be used with caution in some selected newborn materials.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

Mitogen-induced multiplication of lymphocytes from newborn infants.

Marked lymphocyte responses to PHA, ConA and PWM were demonstrated in the first week of life. Prematurity up to 30 weeks gestational age did not influence the results. There were only small variations in the responses from day to day, no sex differences, and no differences between infants who were small for gestational age of appropriate weight. Newborn infants with high serum IgM-concentrations had reduced lymphocyte responses to ConA, possibly through the influence of ConA on B-lymphocytes. Infants of mothers who had received corticosteroids prior to delivery had lower mean responses to all 3 mitogens, but the differences between the steroid- and comparable non-steroid groups were not significant. The results suggest that newborn infants have functioning cellular immune mechanisms.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1980

Antibodies to cytomegalovirus among personnel at a children's hospital.

Among 161 individual personnel at Children's Hospital, serum complement fixing antibodies were found more frequently (77%) in those who were in close contact with the patients than (39%) in those with less contact. This difference was most pronounced in the young age group. Most (80%) of the personnel at an age of 30 years or older, were seropositive, The results indicate that young personnel, working in close contact with infants and children in hospital, are at great risk of acquring cytomegalovirus infection. Student nurses, being exposed to these patients only for a few weeks, also were at risk of being infected. Seronegative pregnant women, working in a children's hospital, should therefore take measures to protect themselves from close contact with the patients since virus excretion occurs frequently, even without clinical signs of CMV-infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A familial syndrome of diaphyseal cortical thickening of the long bones, bowed legs, tendency to fracture and icthyosis.

The clinical and radiological features of a dominant bone disorder found in six members of the same family are described. The bone disorder was mainly characterized by endosteal cortical thickening of long tubular bones and bowing of the weight-bearing ones. The clinical symptoms were waddling gait, muscle weakness and leg pains, and there was a tendency to fractures. All affected individuals had icthyosis of slight or moderate degree.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Serial determination of serum ferritin in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Evaluation of its usefulness as a prognostic index.

Thirty children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were monitored with serial serum ferritin determinations for up to 17 months. In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia before initiation of therapy, or in relapse, the mean serum ferritin concentration was 636 microgram/l. In children who went into primary remission. the mean serum ferritin concentration fell from 265 microgram/l prior to start of treatment, to 161 microgram/l after 3 months of treatment. Five patients relapsed. Their serum ferritin levels prior to the relapses ranged from 7 to 135 microgram/l. At the time of relapse a further increase in serum ferritin was found in only 2 of the children. Thus, whereas high serum ferritin levels may signal disease activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a normal serum ferritin level does not exlude disease activity or impending relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Acute response of parathyroid hormone in congenital osteopetrosis.

Indices of calcium and phosphorus metabolism were studied in 3 children with osteopetrosis before and after infusion of bovine parathyroid hormone extract. Basal plasma concentrations of calcium, alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxy vitamin D tended to be low. Plasma immunoreactive PTH levels were at the upper normal range in two patients. A marked increase in urinary cyclic AMP in all patients was solely due to an increase in the nephrogenous cAMP. After vitamin D treatment urinary cAMP was essentially unchanged with the same preponderance of nephrogenous cAMP. Following PTH infusion plasma cAMP showed a brisk rise. There was also a prompt rise in urinary cAMP and a distinct decrease in the calcium to sodium clearance ratio indicating increased calcium reabsorption. Phosphaturic effect was only observed when PTH was given in the highest dose level. The findings are consistent with a state of low grade hyperparathyroidism which could not be related to the plasma levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D or calcium.

Child↗