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Biomedical subjects

B Hancock

Publications and source records attributed to B Hancock.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Suppression of intestinal polyposis in Apc delta716 knockout mice by inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2).

Two cyclooxygenase isozymes catalyze conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2: constitutive COX-1 and inducible COX-2. To assess the role of COX-2 in colorectal tumorigenisis, we determined the effects of COX-2 gene (Ptgs2) knockouts and a novel COX-2 inhibitor on Apc delta716 knockout mice, a model of human familial adenomatous polyposis. A Ptgs2 null mutation reduced the number and size of the intestinal polyps dramatically. Furthermore, treating Apc delta716 mice with a novel COX-2 inhibitor reduced the polyp number more significantly than with sulindac, which inhibits both isoenzymes. These results provide direct genetic evidence that COX-2 plays a key role in tumorigenesis and indicate that COX-2-selective inhibitors can be a novel class of therapeutic agents for colorectal polyposis and cancer.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1993

Dose intensification with autologous bone-marrow transplantation in relapsed and resistant Hodgkin's disease: results of a BNLI randomised trial.

High-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy with autologous bone-marrow transplantation (ABMT) are increasingly used for the treatment of relapsed and resistant Hodgkin's disease, although there has been no randomised trial of this treatment. The British National Lymphoma Investigation therefore undertook a randomised comparison of high-dose chemotherapy (BEAM = carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan) plus ABMT with the same drugs at lower doses not requiring bone-marrow rescue (mini-BEAM) in patients with active Hodgkin's disease, for whom conventional therapy had failed. 20 patients were assigned treatment with BEAM plus ABMT and 20 mini-BEAM. All have been followed up for at least 12 months (median 34 months). 5 BEAM recipients have died (2 from causes related to ABMT and 3 from disease progression) compared with 9 mini-BEAM recipients (all disease progression). This difference was not significant (p = 0.318). However, both event-free survival and progression-free survival showed significant differences in favour of BEAM plus ABMT (p = 0.025 and p = 0.005, respectively). Recruitment to the trial became increasingly difficult because patients refused randomisation and requested ABMT. It was therefore closed early (40 patients rather than 66 intended). Nevertheless, we found a dose-response effect in these patients with relapsed and resistant Hodgkin's disease. High doses facilitated by ABMT can lead to better disease-free survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Community acquired pneumonia: aetiology and prognostic index evaluation.

A 10 month prospective study of all adults admitted to Waikato Hospital with community acquired pneumonia was performed to assess aetiology, mortality, hospital stay, and the value of a prognostic index based on that obtained from a British Thoracic Society study. The 92 patients in the survey had a mean age of 56 (range 13-97) years. A microbiological diagnosis was established in 72%; Streptococcus pneumoniae (33%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (18%), and influenza A virus (8%) were the most common microorganisms. Other causative organisms were Legionella pneumophila (4 cases), Staphylococcus aureus (3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), Haemophilus influenzae (2), Nocardia brasiliensis (1), and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (1). Chlamydia sp, influenza B virus and adenovirus were each found in one case; all were cultured on nasopharygeal aspirates. Aspiration was considered to be the underlying cause in five patients, two with epilepsy and one with pseudobulbar palsy. Five of the six deaths that occurred were in patients over 75 years of age and the other was 69. In four of the six the established causative organisms were Chlamydia sp (1), K pneumoniae (1), and S aureus (2). Patients had a 16 fold increased risk of death if they had two or more of the following on admission: a respiratory rate of 30/minute or more, diastolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg or less, and either confusion or a plasma urea concentration greater than 7.0 mmol/l.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

New therapies for malignant melanoma.

Once malignant melanoma has metastasised, conventional therapy is rarely curative. However, major technological advances have heralded the era of 'new' immunotherapy with agents such as the interferons and interleukin-2. These promising treatment options have not yet been fully evaluated.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1983

Management of acute brachial artery occlusion due to trauma or emboli.

Out of 37 patients requiring emergency surgery for upper limb ischaemia, 9 were due to spontaneous embolus, 7 to arterial laceration and 21 followed cardiac catheterization. Eleven of the initial operations (30 per cent) failed to relieve ischaemic symptoms though 6 were corrected by further operations. Success at the initial operation was associated with (i) repair with end-to-end anastomosis after resection, saphenous vein bypass or interposition graft, or generous vein patch, (ii) exposure of the radial/ulnar bifurcation, (iii) instillation of heparinized saline locally or (iv) restoration of the radial pulse at the end of the operation. In the cases studied in whom all the above recommendations were followed, the operation was entirely successful and all patients have a radial pulse and are currently symptom free.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Chemotherapy of metastatic carcinoma of the breast.

Thirty-four patients with metastatic breast carcinoma were treated with the following combination: methotrexate 60 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8,5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8, cyclophosphamide 100 mg/m2 daily for 14 days, and prednisolone 25 mg b.d. by mouth daily for 14 days. In 21/34 (62%) patients regression of tumour was maintained for at least three months and in six (18%) this was complete. The median duration of response was 15 months (range 6--33) and there was a significant difference in survival between responders and non-responders (P<0.01). Toxicity was acceptable although dose reduction was necessary in eight patients and in three patients treatment had to be discontinued.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-administration of medicines.

Self-administration of medicines by patients in hospitals and residential homes can lead to increased comprehension and compliance with treatment after discharge and thus to a reduction in readmission rates. It can also increase the self-esteem of chronically ill patients by allowing them to take responsibility for their own health.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Are nursing theories holistic?

Nursing theories, while claiming to present models of holistic nursing care, do not deal adequately with human spirituality. This article reviews several nursing theories to find out which of them incorporate holism, and, if they do, whether the theorist's definition of holism includes spirituality.

Holistic Health↗