Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Hagihara.
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In order to elucidate the mechanism of stress ulceration, which is mainly involved with the corpus mucosa of the stomach, the aerobic energy metabolism of the corpus mucosa of rats, rabbits and humans was investigated and compared with those of the antral mucosa as well as other organs such as heart, kidney and liver. The results showed that the activities of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation and the concentration of the respiratory chain components were far greater in the corpus mucosa than in the antral mucosa, the activities in the former being almost equal to that of the highly aerobic tissue, kidney cortex. Furthermore, the endogenous respiratory rate (in the absence of added substrate) was also much higher in the corpus mucosa than in the antral mucosa, indicating that oxygen demand at resting state (during the period of H+ secretion) is also higher in the corpus mucosa. We conclude that in the corpus mucosa of the stomach the aerobic energy metabolism is predominant. It is suggested that circulatory insufficiency may easily result in cell damage mainly of the corpus mucosa due to energy deficit.
The changes in liver mitochondrial respiratory activities and cytochrome concentrations were investigated when cadmium chloride was administered orally to adult, young, and ethionine-fed rats. Following a seven-day administration of 30 ppm cadmium in drinking water, adult rats showed no change, while young rats and ethionine-fed rats exhibited a marked increase in mitochondrial respiration with concomitant decrease of respiratory control index and P/O ratio. The concentrations of cytochromes aa3, b, and c + c1 in liver mitochondria were unchanged in adult rats, but increased significantly in ethionine-fed rats. In young rats receiving cadmium the liver mitochondrial protein increased with a slight change in the cytochrome concentration in mitochondria. It was further found that in adult rats a higher concentration (300 ppm) of cadmium in drinking water was toxic to the liver mitochondrial functions. Thus, the effect of oral administration of cadmium on the liver mitochondrial function depends on the condition of the animals.
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The mitochondrial and microsomal cytochromes in patients' livers obtained from needle biopsies have been analyzed using a sensitive spectrophotometric method. To determine simultaneously the concentration of these cytochromes from hemoglobin-contaminated liver, difference spectra of liver homogenates were taken at the temperature of liquid nitrogen before and after photolysis of carbon monoxide molecules from various hemoprotein-CO complexes. This method utilizes a characteristic property of hemoprotein-CO complexes, in which the reassociation of CO molecules with photolyzed hemoglobin, cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome alpha3 is temperature-dependent. The results in 69 cases with a variety of liver diseases have revealed that the concentrations of cytochromes alphaalpha3, P-450 and beta5 showed a huge variation in the injured livers as compared with those in the normal controls. The significance of the measurement of these cytochrome concentrations and their ratios is discussed.
Mouse myeloma cells and mitochondria had the same kinds of cytochrome components in the respiratory chain as the normal ones. Their constitution, however, was abnormally different from that found in normal cells and mitochondria. The cytochrome aa3 concentration was especially low in the myeloma as compared with cytochrome c concentration, and the resulting cytochrome aa3/c ratio was 0.25, which was the lowest ever reported in animal mitochondria. Normal lymph node cells, producing the immunoglobulin similar to the myeloma cells, had a ratio of 1.1. Human myeloma mitochondria had the same characteristics as the mouse myeloma. Ascite form myeloma originated from mouse solid from myeloma grew faster, and yet aa3/c of 0.5 in the ascites myeloma was found to be quite similar to that observed in various ascites tumor cells such as hepatomas, Ehrlich and sarcoma 180. A significant part of the cytochromes in the respiratory chain of the mouse myeloma remained in the oxidized form in the cyanide-inhibited or anaerobic states, and was reduced only by the addition of dithionite. The properties of the b cytochromes in mouse myeloma mitochondria are also described and discussed in the context of multiple forms of the b cytochromes in the respiratory chain.
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