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Biomedical subjects

B H Heng

Publications and source records attributed to B H Heng.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Epidemiology of sudden unexpected death syndrome among Thai migrant workers in Singapore.

A total of 235 cases of sudden unexpected death syndrome (SUDS) among apparently healthy male Thai migrant workers in Singapore were reported between 1982 and 1990. Most of the deaths occurred during sleep and 13% were not sleep-related. The median age at the time of death was 33 years and the median interval between arrival and death was 8 months. These deaths occurred singly and sporadically throughout the year. Post-mortem examination revealed few abnormal findings except for haemorrhagic congestion or oedema of the lungs. There were moderate to severe intra-alveolar haemorrhages with some evidence of myocarditis or pneumonitis. Preliminary findings of serial sections of the hearts indicate evidence of anomalies in the cardiac conduction system. Epidemiological investigations showed that a family history of similar deaths and serological evidence of current or recent infection with Pseudomonas pseudomallei were significantly associated with SUDS. Extensive biochemical and toxicological investigations were inconclusive. There was no evidence of chronic deficiency in thiamine or potassium among the healthy Thai workers living and working in the same conditions as the cases, and no significant abnormalities were detected on electrocardiographic examination. As these migrant workers experienced various psychosocial problems which could stem from maladjustment to an urban environment, separation from the family, burden of debts and long hours of work, stress could be a precipitating factor for SUDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A survey of sexual behaviour of Singaporeans.

In order to plan education programmes against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV infection, a population-based survey on partner relations was conducted on 2,115 Singaporean men and women aged between 15 and 49 years. Of the 605 (60.1%) sexually experienced men and 647 (58.3%) sexually experienced women, 510 (84.3%) men and 644 (99.5%) women were married. Of the marrieds, 465 (76.9%) men and 638 (98.6%) women had their first sexual encounter with the person who was or later became their spouse. Of the sexually experienced men, 97 (16%) engaged in casual sex in the previous year, of which 76 (78.4%) were encounters with commercial sex workers. Of these encounters 55 (72.4%) were unprotected or partially protected by condoms. A history of casual sex in the previous four weeks was given by 18 men, of whom 14 (77.8%) were married. Nine (64.3%) of these married men had sex concurrently with both their wives and commercial workers. Persons at high risk were those who started sexual activity early, unmarried, sexually active men with no or low education, and persons who travelled. Of the sexually experienced respondents, 1,242 (99.2%) had heard about condoms, and 431 (34.4%) were currently using them as contraceptive devices. Attitudes towards condoms and willingness to use them to prevent STDs and HIV infection were favourable. Men were more permissive in their attitudes towards sex. The level of permissiveness in men and women was not corroborated by their reported behaviour, an indication of either under-reporting and/or a disparity between attitude and practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Sudden unexplained death syndrome--a new manifestation in melioidosis?

The indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test using sensitized turkey erythrocytes and the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IgM-IFA) was confirmed to be sensitive in the detection of a recent or current Pseudomonas pseudomallei infection in 19 culture-confirmed Singapore melioidosis patients. All were found to have antibody titres from 4 to 32768 in the IHA test and 10 to 320 in the IgM-IFA test. When these tests were employed on sera from 16 immigrant Thai construction workers who died of sudden unexplained death syndrome (SUDS) and 73 healthy Thai fellow workers, 93.8% and 68.8% of SUDS cases had IHA titre of greater than or equal to 4 and IgM-IFA titre of greater than or equal to 10 respectively, in contrast to 39.7% and 12.3% found among healthy Thai workers. These data indicate that at the time of death, most of the SUDS patients had an active infection with P. pseudomallei, possibly resulting from reactivation of a latent infection. The aetiological role of P. pseudomallei as the major cause of SUDS is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An evaluation of 1987 tuberculosis deaths in Singapore.

Tuberculosis was responsible for 177 deaths in 1987. This study evaluated the accuracy of tuberculosis death certification by hospital doctors and general practitioners in 111 cases where hospital case-notes were available for verification. It revealed that only 49 cases (44%) died of active tuberculosis, 12 (11%) died of late effects of tuberculosis and 41 (37%) died of causes unrelated to tuberculosis. There was no evidence of tuberculosis in 9 cases. Only 39 cases (56%) of active tuberculosis certified by hospital doctors were correct compared to 10 (24%) certified by general practitioners. Hospital doctors certified 6 out of 9 deaths which had no evidence of tuberculosis. The actual tuberculosis mortality rate was estimated to be between 1.9 and 4.9 per 100,000 instead of the officially published 6.8 per 100,000 for 1987.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A psychosocial study of high risk subjects for AIDS.

A psychosocial study of 5 high risk groups for AIDS (50 homosexuals, 50 drug addicts, 23 male to female transsexuals, 45 male patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic, and 43 female prostitutes) and 5 matched control groups showed that the majority of the subjects were mostly single, with a secondary level of education and lived with family members. Although all had a high risk of AIDS, condom use was not prevalent. The subjects were less knowledgeable about AIDS than controls, were more anxious about getting AIDS and had a more hopeless and pessimistic outlook to life; however they appeared to be as altruistic and responsible as the controls.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological monitoring of human exposure to environmental lead in Singapore.

An epidemiological survey was conducted in 1990-91 to determine the personal and environmental factors in Singapore which may affect blood lead levels. A total of 1,408 children and adults aged from 6 months to over 50 years were interviewed and their blood samples obtained for analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Overall, the geometric mean blood lead level of the population surveyed was 76.6 micrograms/l. Multivariate analyses revealed that significant variations in blood lead concentrations were related, in decreasing order of importance, to: sex, age, active and passive smoking, exposure to traffic, and exposure to recent paintwork. The consumption of alcohol and traditional medicines were found not to be significant determinants. To reduce the environmental lead problem in Singapore, unleaded petrol has been introduced and control of lead additive in paints is being considered. The national anti-smoking programme should further contribute to an overall reduction in the blood lead level of the population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three decades of tuberculosis in Singapore.

Tuberculosis (TB) mortality for the period 1955-1959 to 1985-1989 declined 87% from 72 to 9 per 100,000 in males, and 90% from 31 to 3 per 100,000 in females. The mean annual rate of decline of mortality was 6.8%. Older persons had a lower 4.2-5.2% decline annually compared to 14.1-16.0% in the 0-4 year age group. The incidence of TB declined 80% from 438 to 88 per 100,000 in males, and 71% from 152 to 43 per 100,000 in females over the period 1960-64 to 1985-89. The mean annual rate of decline in incidence was 5.9%. The lowest decline was observed in the children below 15 years (2.8-3.2%) and elderly persons 65 years and above (2.3-5.5%). Birth cohorts of 1945-49 and earlier had progressively higher mortality risks, but declining morbidity risks as they advanced with age. Singapore has overcome the early phase of the TB epidemic as evidenced by its relatively low rates among children and females and the low rates of extra-pulmonary TB and meningitis. The high incidence rates in old people are the residue of even higher rates experienced by this cohort of persons who experienced higher risks of infection in their early lives. At the prevailing rates of decline under the present conditions and control measures, TB will not be eliminated in Singapore over the next 50 years.

Adolescent↗