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Biomedical subjects

B H Hamory

Publications and source records attributed to B H Hamory.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Hospital-associated candiduria: predisposing factors and review of the literature.

A series is presented of 98 patients with hospital-acquired candiduria identified by continual nosocomial infection surveillance. Analysis of the differences between case-matched controls and 20 patients indicated that there were significant increases in the duration of prior Foley catheterization (12 versus 6 days), length of time on multiple antibiotics (16 versus 7 days) and length of total hospitalization of the infected group. Review of the infected patients' charts showed that the indications for bladder catheterization and use of antibiotics were usually explicitly stated and considered valid. The English literature on primary Candida urinary tract infections is reviewed and future approaches to the problem are summarized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Protective efficacy of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine.

The protective efficacy of a formalin-inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind fashion in 7,861 Marine Corps recruits at Parris Island, South Carolina. Vaccine, administered in a 1-ml dose by a jet-injection device, was glass-grown and contained 264 microgram of protein nitrogen/ml. Phosphate-buffered saline with formalin was injected as a control. Systemic reactions to injection were similar in both groups, but the percentage of vaccinees with erythema (51%) and induration (52%) at 24 hr was significantly greater than the percentage of controls (2%) with these reaction (P less than 0.001). Twenty-one (0.5%) of 3,930 vaccinees and 43 (1.1%) of the 3.931 placebo recipients were hospitalized with pneumonia (chi2=7.61; P less than 0.01). Ten of 21 vaccinees and seven of 43 controls with pneumonia had a positive pharyngeal culture for M. pneumoniae (chi2=1.69; P =0.20), and fourfold rises in titer of serum antibody were noted in five of 14 vaccinees and in 15 of 28 placebo recipients with pneumonia (chi2=7.90; P less 0.0005). Therefore, vaccine efficacy for M. pneumoniae-specific pneumonia was 42% as determined by cultures and 67% by serologic tests. The vaccine showed no protective efficacy for M. pneumoniae-specific bronchitis or for M. pneumoniae pharyngeal carriage in recrutis in training.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Field trial of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine. I. Vaccine efficacy.

The efficacy of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind study of 7,861 Marine Corps recruits at Parris Island, South Carolina. Vaccine was administered to half for the volunteers in a 1-ml dose by a jet-injection device, and phosphate-buffered saline was administered similarly to control subjects. Twenty-one vaccinees (5.3 per 1,000) and 43 recipients of placebo (10.9 per 1,000) were hospitalized with pneumonia; the incidence of illness among the two groups indicated a 51% overall protective efficacy for the vaccine (x2 = 7.49; P less than 0.01). The refined data for pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae showed 67% protective efficacy when serologic data were employed (x2 = 7.84; P = 0.005) and a 42% protective efficacy (x2 = 1.80; P greater than 0.10) when data from cultures for M. pneumoniae were employed. Vaccinees with pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae suffered no increased illness compared to controls, suggesting no hypersensitization with natural illness following the inactivated vaccine. Only when serologic data were analyzed did it appear that the M. pneumoniae vaccine protected against M. pneumoniae specific bronchitis (35% efficacy) but the difference was not statistically significant (x2 = 1.28; P greater than 0.20).

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of the sensitivity of two methods for isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Throat swab specimens from 1,494 Marine Corps recruits were inoculated into vials containing diphasic (broth/agar) mycoplasma medium and also onto PPLO agar plates, which were subsequently overlayed with sheep erythrocytes in saline agar. Strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were isolated from 89 (6%) of the specimens by one or both of the methods. Eight-one of the 89 (91%) positive specimens were cultured with diphasic medium, whereas only 42 (47%) were cultured with the overlay method (x2 = 7.44, P less than 0.01). The diphasic system for isolation of M. pneumoniae should be the method of choice in clinical and research application.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Human responses to two decavalent rhinovirus vaccines.

Two formalin-inactivated, decavalent rhinovirus vaccines were tested in humans for acceptability and antigenicity. Infectivity titers of the vaccine antigens were low and ranged from 10(1.5) to 10(5.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml. There were minimal or no side effects to either vaccine. The first inoculation of one vaccine produced antigenic responses to 30% of the administered antigens. Limited testing for heterologous antibody responses to nonvaccine antigens showed scattered responses. These findings suggest that potent multivalent rhinovirus vaccines containing antigens selected for cross-reactivity should be tested in an attempt to develop practical control measures for rhinoviruses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endophthalmitis caused by non-albicans species of Candida.

While endophthalmitis due to Candida albicans is commonly seen in clinical practice, non-albicans species of Candida (NAC) are rarely reported to cause this condition. The English-language literature from 1965 through 1989 was reviewed for cases of endophthalmitis due to NAC. Clinical details of six well-documented cases and one unpublished case are presented here. Large studies of nosocomial fungemia are also summarized to emphasize the growing contribution of NAC to the total number of infections in humans, especially immunocompromised patients. The infrequency of ocular involvement in NAC infection is supported by studies in experimental animals that demonstrate a lower incidence of NAC endophthalmitis than of C. albicans endophthalmitis in the presence of disseminated infection. Since endophthalmitis in the absence of exogenous infection suggests disseminated candidal infection and since most NAC strains are relatively resistant to amphotericin B, it is important to recognize and appropriately treat endophthalmitis due to NAC.

Candida↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anaphylaxis due to chloramphenicol.

A patient with group B Streptococcal meningitis and a history of penicillin allergy sustained an anaphylactic reaction following intravenous chloramphenicol. The purity of the infusate was confirmed by reverse-phase high-speed liquid chromatography. Anaphylaxis is a rare event following chloramphenicol administration, but physicians should be aware of this complication, especially in patients with prior exposure to the drug.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-reported HIV and AIDS experience, practices, and knowledge of Pennsylvania family physicians.

BACKGROUND: Patients with disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), while still more commonly treated in urban settings, are being seen in nonurban areas in numbers rapidly outstripping the local availability of specialists with expertise in HIV or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: A questionnaire designed to measure self-assessed experience, practices, and knowledge regarding basic aspects of HIV was mailed in 1989 to the 2177 members of the Pennsylvania Academy of Family Physicians. RESULTS: The response rate was 72 percent. Approximately 95 percent of physicians surveyed had been asked questions by patients about AIDS, 30 percent had a patient with a confirmed positive blood test, and 27 percent had a patient with symptomatic HIV disease in their practice. CONCLUSIONS: Although most family physicians indicated that they were comfortable in recognizing persons at risk, counseling, and using tests to diagnose HIV and AIDS, more than one-half reported practice patterns at variance with published guidelines. Respondents were most uncomfortable with their knowledge and skills regarding legal issues, state and community resources, and caring for patients with AIDS. Continuing medical education courses at local hospitals and written materials were the two methods of AIDS education most likely to be used by respondents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗