Magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A technique for functional brain imaging.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Brain↗
Biomedical subjects
B H Guze
Publications and source records attributed to B H Guze.
Clinical and biochemical aspects of depressive disorders: I. Introduction, classification, and research techniques.
The present review focuses on recent data from clinical and animal research concerning the biochemical bases of depressive disorders, diagnosis, and treatment. In addition to integrating these data, problems and future directions in this research are discussed. The review is presented in three parts. This study, Part I, describes diagnostic classification schemes for depressive disorders, some epidemiological and biological correlates of the classifications, and research techniques for investigating depressive disorders. Research techniques include animal models, human biochemical techniques, and Positron Emission Tomography. In a future issue, Part II will discuss various transmitter/receptor theories of depressive disorders, e.g., noradrenergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic, GABAergic, and peptidergic theories. Also in a future issue, Part III will discuss treatments for depression and some of the controversies in the field.
Depressive Disorder↗
Changes in glucose metabolism in dementia of the Alzheimer type compared with depression: a preliminary report.
We evaluated positron emission tomography (PET) in the differential diagnosis of depression and Alzheimer's disease. The local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (LCMRGlc) in the parahippocampal gyrus-hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were determined. The ratio of the LCMRGlc in those two regions was examined in patients with unipolar depression, bipolar depression, and Alzheimer's dementia. An analysis of variance revealed significant overall intergroup differences in values for both hemispheres. Student's t test showed significant differences in LCMRGlc for both unipolar and bipolar depression as compared with Alzheimer's dementia. These data indicate that PET may be useful in the differential diagnosis of dementia vs. depression.
Aged↗
The etiology of depression in Parkinson's disease patients.
Depression is the major psychiatric complication of Parkinson's disease, and it occurs in approximately one-third of all cases. Diagnosis of depression is complicated by the overlap of depressive and parkinsonian symptoms. Its etiology is not fully understood but involves changes in dopamine and serotonin. Depression has significant clinical impact; depressed patients are more disabled (less independent). The depressive symptoms respond to treatment with antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Functional brain imaging and Alzheimer-type dementia.
Alzheimer disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder consisting of memory impairment and intellectual function that produces not only profound disabilities in the patient, but a significant cost to society as well. The biochemical basis for Alzheimer disease is not completely understood, but both positron-emission tomography and single-photon-emission computed tomography provide insights into the in vivo biochemistry associated with this disease. Both techniques show characteristic brain abnormalities, which consist of reductions in temporal-parietal metabolism that progress in severity and extent as the disease itself shows clinical progression. Such noninvasive biochemical assays may ultimately prove to be of assistance in clinical management, and are clearly helpful in understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with the production of this disease.
Alzheimer Disease↗
Indium-111 white blood cell scans: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and normal patterns of distribution.
The UCLA Hospital experience with indium-111 labeled white blood cells was reviewed. There were a total of 345 consecutive cases covering a broad range of clinical indications. The overall sensitivity of the method was 79%, specificity was 62%, and accuracy was 73%. The sensitivity for suspected osteomyelitis cases was 84%, with a specificity of 65% and an accuracy of 75%. For other cases sensitivity was 77%, specificity was 60%, and accuracy was 72%. Furthermore, patterns of normal distribution were reviewed.
Bacterial Infections↗
Fluoxetine treatment of anorexia nervosa: an open clinical trial.
Six patients with chronic, refractory anorexia nervosa were treated with fluoxetine. Depressive symptoms diminished in all patients, and this was associated with weight gain. Subjects, despite frequent medical comorbidity, tolerated fluoxetine well, even in dosages greater than those used for depression.
Adult↗
Thallium-201 SPECT imaging of brain tumors: methods and results.
Recent studies suggest that thallium-201 (201Tl) planar scans of brain tumors more accurately reflect viable tumor burden than CT, MRI, or radionuclide studies with other single-photon emitting compounds. We have previously reported the utility of 201Tl SPECT index in distinguishing low- from high-grade gliomas elsewhere. Here we describe the technical considerations of deriving a simple 201Tl index, based on uptake in the tumor normalized to homologous contralateral tissue, from SPECT images of brain tumors. We evaluated the importance of consistently correcting for tissue attenuation, as it may achieve better lesion discrimination on qualitative inspection, and the methodologic limitations imposed by partial volume effects at the limits of resolution.
Astrocytoma↗
PET imaging in obsessive compulsive disorder with and without depression.
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a classic psychoneurosis which is frequently complicated by major depression. Recent positron emission tomography neuroimaging studies, when taken in the context of a variety of other data, implicate a brain dysfunction involving the orbital prefrontal cortex and the striatum in the mediation of OCD behaviors and those of the related Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. The anterolateral prefrontal cortex is implicated in the secondary major depressions often complicating OCD.
Brain↗
Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression.
Using positron emission tomography, we studied cerebral glucose metabolism in drug-free, age- and sex-matched, right-handed patients with unipolar depression (n = 10), bipolar depression (n = 10), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with secondary depression (n = 10), OCD without major depression (n = 14), and normal controls (n = 12). Depressed patients were matched for depression on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and subjects with OCD without depression and OCD with depression had similar levels of OCD without depression and OCD with depression had similar levels of OCD pathology. We also studied six non-sex-matched patients with mania. Mean (+/- SD) glucose metabolic rates for the left dorsal anterolateral prefrontal cortex, divided by the rate for the ipsilateral hemisphere as a whole (ALPFC/hem), were similar in the primary depressions (unipolar depression = 1.05 +/- 0.05; bipolar depression = 1.04 +/- 0.05), and were significantly lower than those in normal controls (1.12 +/- 0.06) or OCD without depression (1.15 +/- 0.05). Results for the right hemisphere were similar. Values in subjects with OCD with depression (1.10 +/- 0.05) were also significantly lower than in subjects with OCD without depression, and values in subjects with bipolar depression were lower than those in manic subjects (1.12 +/- 0.03) on this measure in the left hemisphere, although results were not significant in the right hemisphere. There was a significant correlation between the HAM-D score and the left ALPFC/hem. With medication for depression (n = 12), the left ALPFC/hem increased significantly and the percentage change in the Hamilton scale score correlated with the percentage change in the left ALPFC/hem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
The nuclear medicine bone image and myositis ossificans progressiva.
Myositis ossificans progressiva most commonly effects adolescents and young adults. It is characterized by progressive calcification of muscle and frequently follows trauma. Bone imaging may be helpful in determining the full extent of the disease process and may be more accurate than conventional radiographs. Bone imaging is able to detect lesions before they can be observed with radiographs. In addition, radiographs may tend to underestimate the severity of the disease.
Adult↗
Utility of the SPECT Tc-99m labeled RBC blood pool scan in the detection of hepatic hemangiomas.
The sensitivity of SPECT imaging of hepatic blood pool activity using Tc-99m labeled RBCs was contrasted with magnetic resonance and CT imaging in 22 cases. SPECT is a noninvasive technique with a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of hepatic hemangiomas. It is helpful for clarifying equivocal magnetic resonance imaging results.
Erythrocytes↗
Amphetamine, but not methylphenidate, predicts antidepressant response.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Amphetamine↗
[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) in aging and dementia. A decade of studies.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming an increasingly important public health problem. The clinical diagnosis of AD continues to be problematic and costly. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-position emission tomography (FDG-PET) can assist with the diagnosis of AD at an early stage. The utility of FDG-PET in AD may also be extremely useful in the future when objective physiologic monitoring of drug effects and therapy are required.
Adolescent↗
Psychotropic medication use during pregnancy.
Women can have severe and at times life-threatening psychiatric illness during pregnancy. When nonpharmacologic interventions have been attempted and are insufficient, psychotropic medication use is often necessary. The available data on prescription neuroleptic drugs suggest that with the proper selection, use, and supervision, they can be used during pregnancy. The same cannot be said for lithium carbonate or most antidepressants owing to the risks of teratogenicity and toxicity to the fetus. It is prudent to avoid all medication use, if possible, during the first trimester, but deciding how and when to institute treatment depends on an assessment of the risks associated both with the drug and with the untreated illness.
Female↗
Technetium-99m white blood cell imaging: false-negative result in salmonella osteomyelitis associated with sickle cell disease.
The authors report a case of sickle cell anemia associated osteomyelitis where the Tc-99m white blood cell imaging was negative, and bone imaging showed increased uptake in the region in question. The reasons for the possible false-negative image are discussed.
Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
Poor interrater reliability of MECTA EEG recordings of ECT seizure duration.
The electroencephalogram (EEG) tracings of seizure durations recorded by the MECTA SR-1 for 24 patients undergoing right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were estimated independently by four psychiatrists and a neurologist. Differences among raters were often large and, overall, were statistically significant. The literature on interrater reliability for the MECTA EEG remains contradictory, and caution in MECTA EEG use appears warranted.
Depressive Disorder↗