Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B H Brouhard

Publications and source records attributed to B H Brouhard.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Hypertension in children: endocrine aspects.

Hypertension in children is a rare disorder with reliable estimates of annual incidence that do not exceed 0.1%. At least one third of these cases have no definable etiology when all of the presently available diagnostic studies are used. Major invasive or expensive evaluations are indicated when hypertension is sustained or severe, and should be directed toward the renal and renovascular areas. Serum potassium and calcium estimates are essential in every case, but the more extensive evaluations of thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortical and adrenal medullary hormones should be reserved for patients with specific indications of malfunction in those systems.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Long-term use of propranolol, ibuprofen, and spironolactone in the management of Bartter's syndrome.

This report concerns two patients with Bartter's syndrome who were treated with propranolol, spironolactone, and potassium supplements. When ibuprofen was added to this regimen, potassium supplements were no longer required. In both patients, plasma renin activity decreased, plasma volumes increased, and a "catch-up" in linear growth ensued. This report confirms others that indicate prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors are a useful adjunct in the therapy of Bartter's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Relationship of burn size to vascular permeability changes in rats.

Studies to determine the relationship between increased vascular permeability, water content and protein leakage, and burn size were performed on rats. Partial thickness scald burn covering 10, 20, 30 and 40 per cent of the rats' body surface area were induced in four groups of rats. A fifth group of rats served as the controls. Following the burn, all rats received intravenously fluid resuscitation. Burn edema was maximal at three hours postburn for the 30 and 40 per cent groups. The edema persisted throughout the 24 hour study period. No significant change in water content of unburned skin was demonstrated. Albumin leakage into injuried tissues was maximal at 30 minutes and disappeared by 12 hours postinjury. The size of the burn had no effect on 131Risa leakage into injuried tissues. Albumin leakage into noninjured tissues occurred only in the 30 and 40 per cent burn groups was mild compared with that in burned tissues and also disappeared by 12 hours postburn. Extravasation of albumin in lung, liver, spleen, kidney and muscle was mild and seen only in the 30 and 40 per cent burn groups. Except for a mild increase in water content of lung tissue in the 30 and 40 per cent groups only, no consistent increase in the water content of other organs was observed. While the size of the burn appears to have some influence on capillary permeability, burns up to 40 per cent of the body surface have only a mild and transient effect upon capillaries distant to the site of injury. This observation supports the concept of a humoral mediator for capillary permeability and suggests that more pronounced changes can occur with larger burns. Nonetheless, extravasation of albumin appears to be short-lived.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunoreactive urinary prostaglandins A and E in neonates, children, and adults.

Urinary prostaglandins were measured by radioimmunoassay in neonates (31-35 weeks gestational age), children (4-15 years) and adults (24-36 years). Neonates showed significantly lower levels of both iPGE and iPGA compared to children (p less than 0.01) and adults (p less than 0.01). Children also had significantly lower levels than adults (p less than 0.01). Since urinary prostaglandins reflect intrarenal levels of prostaglandins, the results support other studies that suggest prostaglandins may play a role in controlling renal blood flow in infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effect of nicotinic acid on vascular permeability after thermal trauma in the rat.

Nicotinic acid has been suggested to decrease plasma volume loss after thermal injury. However, conflicting data have recently appeared, in reports of laboratory measurements of major derangements in cardiovascular function after large third-degree thermal injury. We investigated the microvascular effect of nicotinic acid on water and albumin leakage after a small second-degree thermal burn in the rat. No effect of nicotinic acid on albumin leakage was observed at 1/2 hour, 3 hours, or 6 hours; a minimal but significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in water content of burned tissue was observed 1/2 hour postinjury. Our studies confirm in rats previous work with sheep and dogs demonstrating that nicotinic acid has slight, if any, effect on fluid and protein loss after thermal injury.

Albumins↗
PubMed1978

Hyperlipidemia in uremic children: response to peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.

Hemodialysis and hyperlipidemia have been associated in both adults and children. The present study indicates hyperlipidemia in uremic children treated with peritoneal dialysis and implies that the cardiovascular risk felt to exist with hemodialysis also exists in peritoneal dialysis. Thirty-eight children with chronic renal insufficiency or end-stage renal disease were followed serially under varying conditions of medical management, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and transplantation. Serum triglyceride concentrations in patients on peritoneal dialysis were not significantly different from those in patients on hemodialysis, but both were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than concentrations in patients on medical management and transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Rapid antibody production and sample preparation for radioimmunoassay of prostaglandin A.

A dialysis equilibrium method for plasma or tissue preparation for radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins is presented and compared to the silica gel column technique. The plasma or tissue is extracted, dried, redissolved in buffer and dialyzed for further purification before assay. Results comparing both methods shows that dialysis equilibrium greatly simplifies the silica gel column technique yet preserves specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility. In addition a rapid micromethod for the development of a specific antibody to prostaglandin A is detailed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Nephronophthisis. Renal function and histologic studies in a family.

Nephronophthisis (previously described as familial juvenile nephronophthisis and medullary cystic disease) is characterized by insidious renal failure, its main features being increased urinary sodium loss, pitressin-resistant hypotomic polyuria, polydipsia, normal urine sediment and absence of hypertension. Renal function and histologic studies were performed in a family in which two siblings had this disorder, while the parents and two other siblings appeared clinically normal. Both parents demonstrated a moderate impairment of maximum urinary concentration. The values for tubular free water reabsorption (TcH2O) were relativley normal in the parents and the healthy siblings. One of the index patients showed only minimal sodium wasting even though he had hyposthenuria, thus suggesting an involvement of the collecting ducts in the early stage of neophronophthisis. No evidence of proximal tubular dysfunction was found. Although the light-microscopic examination of renal biopsies from the parents and the healthy siblings was unremarkable, electron microscopy revealed probable abnormalities in all four. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is, therefore, suggested in this family. The etiology of nephronophthisis is obscure but a likely possibility is that the renal damage results from an inborn metabolic error.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Toxic psychosis due to cyproheptadine in a child on hemodialysis: a case report.

In 1971 Simmons et al. presented evidence that children receiving regular dialysis therapy required approximately seventy percent of recommended caloric intake to achieve normal growth. Since that time, pediatric nephrologists and dietitians have strived to meet that requirement. In an effort to attain adequate caloric intake, cyproheptadine, a known appetite stimulant, was prescribed to a child on chronic hemodialysis. The following reports the unexpected complication of toxic psychosis that resulted.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Renal medulla: an endocrine organ involved in blood pressure regulation.

The renal medulla is not often considered an endocrine organ, but recent evidence suggests that this part of the kidney may have important antihypertensive, endocrine functions. The antihypertensive factor(s) of the medulla have been localized to the interstitial cells and characterized as neutral and acidic lipids. The acidic lipids, or protstaglandins, have been the more extensively investigated. Animal and human studies indicate that prostaglandins may influence systemic arterial pressure directly or indirectly by promoting excretion of salt and water. Recent evidence suggests that prostaglandins may be mediators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, thus influencing blood pressure via this system that plays such a key role in blood pressure control.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Simultaneous iothalamate, creatinine, and urea clearances in children with renal disease.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is often used to evaluate and manage patients with renal disease. Few studies in children have compared accurate estimations of GFR (clearance of inulin and/or iothalamate) with the clearance of creatinine which, because of simplicity, has been used as an approximation of GFR. At reduced levels of GFR, studies in adults suggest that the mean of the creatinine and urea clearances closely approximate the GFR. The present investigation shows that the clearance of creatinine approximates the GFR at normal levels; however, at reduced levels the creatinine clearance and the mean of the creatinine and urea clearances both overestimate the GFR as measured by iothalamate. The clearance of creatinine remains a useful clinical tool if its limitations at low levels of GFR are realized.

Adolescent↗