Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Guyer

Publications and source records attributed to B Guyer.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pediatric nursing homes. Implications of the Massachusetts experience for residential care of multiply handicapped children.

Pediatric nursing homes were established in Massachusetts in 1971, in response to the crisis created by the deinstitutionalization of children with multiple severe handicaps for whom care in the community was unrealistic. Although these residential beds provided short-term relief for the system, failure both to plan for the improved long-term survival of the children and to develop alternative community services for those whose functional and medical status changed has left fundamental problems unresolved. A review of the 421 residents of pediatric nursing homes since 1972 shows that most have been bedridden and nonverbal, requiring provision of basic care: feeding, dressing, maintaining hygiene, and sensory and motor stimulation. Three quarters of the residents were severely or profoundly retarded and had seizures. About 4 per cent died each year, and another 5 per cent were discharged; few beds were available for new admissions. Low standards of care and financial disincentives have resulted in less than optimal educational and rehabilitative services. Other states are facing similar problems, which can be resolved only through better funding and coordination of the relevant state agencies.

Certification↗
PubMed1981

The epidemiology and control of measles in Yaoundé, Cameroun, 1968-1975.

Surveillance data on measles in Yaoundé during the 8 years from 1968-1975 have been reviewed. Measles epidemics occurred in every year except 1969-1970, the period of the attach phase of the Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control Programme. Subsequent biennial mass measles immunisation campaigns and maintenance measles immunisation at the child health centre failed to interrupt epidemic transmission. 70-80% of cases were under 24 months of age. Annual outbreaks occurred during the first half of each year, but smaller numbers of cases continued throughout the year. The outbreaks came to an end despite 32-41% of 6 through 36 month old children remaining susceptible. The seasonality of measles was not simply related to the annual rainfall pattern. Rather it is hypothesised that measles seasonality depends on the movement of young children with their mothers during the annual agricultural cycles. Measles immunisation programmes must be adapted to local epidemiological and cultural conditions in order to interrupt transmission.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Injections and paralytic poliomyelitis in tropical Africa.

A case-control study was conducted in Yaoundé, United Republic of Cameroon, to evaluate the hypothesis that intramuscular inoculations predisposed young children to paralysis if they were later exposed to poliomyelitis virus. Thirty-three cases with lower motor neuron disease and 66 neighbourhood controls were studied. Poliovirus was isolated from 39% of the paralytic cases but from only 18% of the comparison group. Controls were more likely to have had serological evidence of previous exposure to all three poliovirus types while most of the paralytic cases had been exposed to a poliovirus for the first time. Two-thirds of the paralytic cases but only 11% of the comparison group had been ill, visited a medical facility, and received multiple injections, primarily with quinine and penicillin, in the month prior to the onset of poliomyelitis. There was a strong temporal relationship between these injections and the onset of paralysis. The increased relative risks (15 and 32, respectively) of paralysis associated with inoculations in the two weeks immediately prior to onset of disease were felt to represent the treatment of symptoms related to poliomyelitis. However, the increased relative risks (13 and 27, respectively) three and four weeks prior to onset were felt to be consistent with the hypothesis that intramuscular injections provoked paralysis. Overestimation of this measure of the effect because of bias in the control group is discussed.

Cameroon↗
PubMed1979

Non-A, non-B hepatitis among participants in a plasmapheresis stimulation program.

Non-A, non-B hepatitis was transmitted to seven of nine participants in a red blood cell-stimulation program following transfusion of blood from one asymptomatic donor. Five of the seven patients had clinical as well as biochemical evidence of infection, and three of these five were icteric. Incubation periods for the clinical cases ranged from 28 to 50 days, and duration of illness was from two to eight weeks. None of the seven patients showed serologic evidence of acute infection or reinfection with hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus. Viremia persisted in the donor for at least 34 days, since non-A, non-B hepatitis was transmitted to program participants during that period.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A programme of multiple-antigen childhood immunization in Yaoundé, Cameroon: first-year evaluation, 1975-1976.

The Yaoundé multiple-antigen childhood immunization programme began in November 1975, making it one of the first expanded programmes on immunization operational in Africa. During the first 9 months, more than 22 000 children were immunized against poliomyelitis, measles, tuberculosis, smallpox, whooping cough, tetanus, and diphtheria. Evaluation of the programme showed the following rates of immunization coverage in the target population; 30% for DPT (one dose or more), 27% for poliomyelitis (one dose or more), 27% for BCG, 33% for measles, and 20% for smallpox. Eighty per cent of children received the correct vaccines for their age and vaccination status. Seroconversion to measles vaccine was 89% in those over 12 months of age but only 50% in those between 6 and 11 months of age. The major factor in low immunization coverage was felt to be inadequate publicity. The cost of the programme was estimated to be US $10 920. The cost of immunizing a child completely was estimated at US $1.90. Some logistic problems encountered during this initial year of operation are discussed.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1976

Clinical and laboratory evaluation of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus types 8 and 19.

During a community outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus types 8 and 19, we compared the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the two viruses. Much of the disease was mild and the keratoconjunctivitis associated with adenovirus type 8 was indistinguishable clinically from that associated with adenovirus type 19. Adenovirus type 8 was isolated only from the conjunctival sac, whereas adenovirus type 19 was frequently cultured from the nose, throat, and conjunctiva. The two adenovirus types were never isolated from the same individual. In a prospective study of ten individuals exposed to known cases, adenovirus type 19 was isolated from two without clinical disease.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1975

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: a community outbreak of mixed adenovirus type 8 and type 19 infection.

During the fall and winter of 1973, 145 cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were diagnosed in Nashville, Tennessee. Of the 74 cases studied virologically and/or serologically, 62% were caused by adenovirus type 8, and 28% were caused by adenovirus 19. Whereas adenovirus type 8 was isolated only from conjunctival scrapings, adenovirus type 19 was isolated from nose and throat swabs as well as from conjunctivae. The two viruses produced clinically indistinguishable eye disease and household secondary attack rates that were not statistically different. Regardless of etiology, the secondary attack rate in households was significantly higher among the contacts of those patients who had severe disease for greater than 28 days than among the contacts of patients who had milder disease of shorter duration.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1975

The pediatric internship as a teaching technique: a comparison of learning experiences in five hospitals.

Five interns joined in a collaborative study to assess their learning experiences during the internship year. A 3 times 5-inch data form was completed for each patient for whom the intern was responsible. Information was gathered on demongraphic characteristics of the patient, the teaching that involved this patient, and what skills were acquired. Nearly 30% of the patients were under 1 year of age; 55% were boys. More than one half of the contacts were in an outpatient or emergency department. Over 80% of the patients had not been seen before; continuity patients made up less than 9% of the contacts. Well-child care was the largest care category (19%), followed by respiratory problems (15%) and injuries (9%). About 40% of the contacts involved a teaching input, mainly from residents, attending physicians, and faculty. Care skills most frequently acquired were physical examination (49%), reading (15%), and interviewing (11%). Cross-tabulations showed that most learning was reported for inpatients, for patients with rare diseases, and when some teaching was involved.

Child↗