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Biomedical subjects

B Gullberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Gullberg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Estimation of liver tumor volume using different formulas - an experimental study in rats.

Experimental solitary ellipsoid liver tumors in the rat can be induced by inoculation of a tumor-cell suspension of known potency into the liver parenchyma. During laparotomy, the largest (a) and the smallest (b) superficial diameters of the tumor were measured on the surface of the liver with vernier calipers. Four different formulas have been tested and compared with the actual volume from the extirpated tumor and tumor weight. Within the size range of 15-700 mm3, based on the calculation of the difference between logarithmic tumor volume from the different formulas versus logarithmic volume of extirpated and dissected tumors and regression analyses, volume of the unremoved liver tumor can be best calculated according to the formula V = a x b2/2.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Prognostic factors in malignant epithelial ovarian tumors.

In a study of 494 patients with ovarian carcinoma all known factors that eventually influence prognosis were tested both separately and comparatively in a multivariate statistical analysis, using survival as the dependent variable. It was found that the histologic grade and the size of the residual tumor after surgery are the most important factors influencing survival. The histologic type affected prognosis only in Stage III patients with large residual tumors. The stage of tumor progression had prognostic value, although Stage IIa was found to have the same survival rate as Stage I of this disease. The state of the tumor capsules in Stage I had no prognostic effect. Ascites only affected survival in Stage III patients who had small or no residual tumor after surgery. Age was found to influence survival only in Stage III patients with small residual tumors, or no residual tumor, and in advanced Stage II cases. Continued chemotherapy seems to be of benefit in Stage III patients with small or no residual tumors following surgery.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Elimination of chromium in urine after stainless steel welding.

Nine retired (on an average of four years) stainless steel welders had higher (p less than 0.001) urinary chromium levels [mean 7 (range 3-13) mumol/mol of creatinine] than 21 nonexposed referents [mean less than or equal to 1.5 (range less than 0.6-7) mumol/mol of creatinine] but did not differ in this respect from 14 active welders studied at the end of a 31-d vacation (mean 9, range 4-17). This result shows the existence of a slow compartment for chromium in the body. Urinary chromium on time after the end of exposure was analyzed mathematically by use of an exponential two-compartment model. Good fits were obtained, showing the existence of a fast compartment in addition to the slow one. For four welders followed for 31 d, the biological half-time of the slow compartment ranged from 14 d to infinity. For 12 welders followed for 60 h, the fast compartment had a median half-time of 7 (range 4-35) h. For 19 welders there was a significant (p less than 0.01) correlation between chromium in air (total and soluble hexavalent) and urinary chromium (rs = 0.68 and 0.64). However, the variation of urinary chromium on chromium in air was considerable, especially at chromium air levels at or below the hygienic standards. Correction for urinary chromium levels on Monday morning did not decrease the variation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Neurophysiological effects of lead exposure.

A series of neurophysiological variables was measured for men occupationally exposed to lead. The results were related to the degree of lead exposure and to the concentrations of lead and zinc protoporphyrin in blood. A small but significant correlation was observed between lead exposure and motor and sensory conduction velocities in the lower limbs, the conduction velocities of slow motor fibers in the upper limbs, and also sensory nerve action potentials. It is suggested that a neurophysiological examination should be considered in the surveillance of the health of lead workers.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1983

Increased frequency of lymphocyte micronuclei in workers producing reinforced polyester resin with low exposure to styrene.

A new micronucleus method based on the analysis of lymphocytes with preserved cytoplasm revealed an increased frequency of micronuclei in 38 workers employed in a plant producing styrene-modified polyester resin as compared to the frequency in 20 referents (5.9 vs 3.6%). The time-weighted average of the styrene concentration in the workroom air varied between 1 and 36 ppm (mean 13 ppm) during the last year and correlated well to low urinary levels of mandelic acid, which ranged from 9 to 316 mg/g of creatinine (mean 65 mg/g of creatinine).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of complications of laser and cold knife conization.

A comparison was made of intraoperative and postoperative complications of laser conization and cold knife conization. Of 428 women hospitalized for cold knife conization, 23.6% had one or more complications; 14.3% had postoperative hemorrhages, 6.8% had infections, and 4.7% suffered from stenosis. Two hundred sixteen women were hospitalized for laser conization; 5.1% of them suffered complications. Postoperative hemorrhages occurred in 2.8% and infections in 2.3%. No case of stenosis occurred. Laser conization as an outpatient procedure was undertaken in 240 women; 4.2% had complications. Postoperative hemorrhages occurred in only 2.5%, infections in 1.3%, and stenosis in 0.8%. Laser conization has the same complication rate as laser vaporization and can be safely performed on an outpatient basis, thereby reducing hospital costs.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Retrospective assessment of menstrual cycle length in patients with breast cancer, in patients with benign breast disease, and in women without breast disease.

The length of the menstrual cycle was compared in women with breast cancer, women with benign breast disease, and controls. Older women in general tended to report shorter menstrual cycles (P less than 0.05). After correction for the age difference, breast cancer patients still reported a shorter average menstrual cycle length than benign breast disease patients and controls (P less than 0.006). Very short cycles (less than or equal to 21 days) were present in 20% of the breast cancer patients compared to 8% of the patients with benign breast disease and 4% of the controls (P less than 0.0001). Long cycles (less than or equal to 30 days) were not a feature of breast cancer patients (2%), whereas 20% of the patients with benign breast disease and 20% of the controls reported such long cycles (P less than 0.0001). Irregular menstrual cycles were more common in benign breast disease patients (20%) than in cancer patients (10%) and controls (8%) (P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A new rating scale for dementia syndromes.

A new scale, the GBS-scale, is constructed for rating dementia syndromes. The scale is divided into four subscales measuring motor, intellectual and emotional functions and different symptoms characteristic for dementia. The scale can be used by physicians, psychologists and registered nurses. The reliability of the scale is tested by rating 100 patients in somatic and psychogeriatric long-term care. The raters worked independently of each other and were recommended to confer with the staff about the status of the patient. The agreement between the raters was good. The validity of the scale was tested by comparing it with another geriatric rating scale. High correlations between the two scales were seen and indicated that the new scale measures dementia syndromes. The new scale measures degree of dementia and profiles of dementia syndromes. It is constructed in such a way that it can measure changes in dementia symptoms over a certain amount of time. Thus, it can be used in evaluating effect of treatment. It is not, however, meant to be a diagnostic scale.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Outcome of pregnancy after conization.

The outcome of 635 pregnancies in 197 women before and after conization is reported. After conization a significant increase in premature deliveries occurred in young women (age 21-25), nulliparae representing the highest risk. The rate of premature deliveries in this age group was 4.4% before conization and 30.6% after conization. No such increase could be found in any other age group. Labor was notably short in non-parous women and in parous women it started with rupture of the membranes significantly more often after conization. In addition, a significant increase in the frequency of cervical stenosis was observed, but this was of clinical significance in only one case. Treatment in the form of prophylactic cerclage did not reduce the incidence of either premature delivery or of late spontaneous abortion.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

Multivariate analysis of risk factors in patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors treated with vinblastine and bleomycin.

39 patients with testicular germ cell tumor metastases were treated with vinblastine intravenous bolus injection day 1 and day 36 and bleomycin intramuscularly twice weekly for 10 weeks. 8 patients had complete remission. 4 of these are alive with no evidence of disease for 91 + to 109 + months. Studied with Wilk's method for stepwise discriminant analysis tumor volume and performance status significantly predicted the patients who had complete remission. Studied with Cox's proportional hazard model for multivariate analysis hCG in the primary tumor, serum lactate dehydrogenase, performance status, and complete remission had a significant impact on survival. The information from the risk factors may be useful in a differentiated treatment of patients with testicular germ cell tumor metastases.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1981

Early prediction of individual serum total estriol curves in pregnancy.

Investigating 60 individual serum total estriol (S-E3) courses from normal pregnancies, we found individual S-E3 courses parallel with the general mean, but with half the standard deviation. Thus one can predict the individual S-E3 course, which may function as a reference for every S-E3 estimation later on. A S-E3 decrease of more than 33 per cent from the individual mean is statistically significant at the 2.5 per cent level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Some aspects of prophylactic oophorectomy and ovarian carcinoma.

The early diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma is as difficult and rare as ever before. Despite the appearance of sophisticated drugs and combinations of these with surgery and radiotherapy the prognosis still remains the same as during the last 30 years, i.e. overall survival between 20 to 30%. This study concerns the impact of prophylactic oophorectomy in Sweden. 4.6% of ovarian carcinoma patients had received pelvic surgery at some time prior to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and after the age of 40. With the help of statistical data it is estimated that about one hundred out of the approximately thousand women per year who now develop ovarian cancer in Sweden could be saved if prophylactic oophorectomy were practised in our country. Various aspects of prophylactic oophorectomy and its effects are discussed. It is our opinion that every gynaecologist/surgeon should seriously take into consideration and discuss the possibility of prophylactic oophorectomy in the perimenopausal patient before operation. Not to perform prophylactic oophorectomy during pelvic surgery after the menopause seems to us to be an unreasonable practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Risk of pelvic inflammatory disease among intrauterine-device users irrespective of previous pregnancy.

The use of intrauterine devices (IUD) in 690 patients admitted to hospital for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID or acute salpingitis) was compared with the use in a sexually active age-matched control group. 220 (31.9%) of the patients and 114 (16.5%) of the controls were using an IUD. Thus, the risk of PID was raised twofold by IUD use. No significant difference was found between the women who had never been pregnant and those who had in the two groups. Neither was the risk of PID found to vary with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Relationships in healthy volunteers between concentrations of monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and family history of psychiatric morbidity.

In 60 physically and mentally healthy human subjects, lumbar cerebrospinal fluid was analysed by mass fragmentography for 5-HIAA, HVA and MOPEG. Individuals with a family history of psychiatric morbidity had significantly greater variation in monoamine metabolite concentrations than subjects without such a family history. In subjects with a family history of schizophrenic psychosis 5-HIAA and HVA concentrations were significantly higher than in subjects with depressive disorders within the family. For subjects with deviant 5-HIAA levels the probability of having a psychiatric family history was 2.7 times higher than in subjects with normal values. For HVA and MOPEG similar relationships, but of a lower significance level, were found. The results suggest that the cerebral monoaminergic transmitter amines play critical roles in the pathophysiology of psychotic and depressive disorders with a family disposition. They also indicate a value of monoamine metabolite determination in CSF for the prediction of family vulnerability for psychiatric morbidity in healthy subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of a synthetic vasopressin analogue for treatment of nocturia in benign prostatic hypertrophy. A double-blind study.

A double-blind study of nocturia due to benign prostatic hypertrophy is reported. The 21 patients received 0.2 ml of an antidiuretic hormone analogue, desamino-D-arginine vasopressin (Minirin) intranasally prior to evening bedtime. Though the frequency of nocturnal micturition fell in 13 patients, only 7 were considered to give a good clinical response. This drug can be tried in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy if nocturia is distressing and the patient is unsuitable or disinclined for surgery.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

Breath concentration as an index of the health risk from benzene. Studies on the accumulation and clearance of inhaled benzene.

Human subjects were exposed to known concentrations of benzene in air for single and repeated daily periods. The breath concentrations measured repeated exposures approached a maximum after 3 d, and this phenomenon indicated that the tissues were approaching saturation under the experimental conditions. The breath concentrations measured after exposure indicated an initial rapid clearance of benzene with a half-time of 2.6 h, followed by a slower phase with a half-time of 24 h. The decay in breath concentration after prolonged occupational exposure appeared to be slower; the difference between the laboratory and industrial studies was, however, not significant. The hygienic significance of these results was discussed, and it was recommended that control measures be employed when a morning breath concentration exceeds 10 ppb.

Atmosphere Exposure Chambers↗