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Biomedical subjects

B Guggenheim

Publications and source records attributed to B Guggenheim.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Double-blind analysis of the relation between adult periodontitis and systemic host response to suspected periodontal pathogens.

By using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 200 randomly selected sera from Red Cross blood donors were screened for immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM levels against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Bacteroides intermedius. A subgroup of 79 blood donors was clinically examined for type and extent of periodontal destruction, and serological and clinical data were subjected in all possible dual combinations to correlation analyses. The results revealed that the majority of the blood donors suffered from moderate to severe adult periodontitis, often coupled with severe gingival inflammation. No cases of localized juvenile periodontitis or rapidly progressive periodontitis were observed. The extent of periodontal destruction proved to be significantly correlated only to the IgG response levels against B. gingivalis. Corresponding correlation tests assessing the relationships of loss of attachment, bone loss, pocket depth, and papillary bleeding index with the IgG responses to A. actinomycetemcomitans were of marginal significance, while the IgG responses to B. intermedius revealed no relationship to the periodontal health status. The specific IgM responses proved to be unrelated to the clinical parameters, but interestingly, they were found to be highly correlated with each other. Specific IgA levels were frequently too low for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing and, therefore, had to be exempted from statistical analyses. Assessments of the serotype specificity of strongly elevated IgG responses to A. actinomycetemcomitans disclosed no evidence for an association of a particular serotype-specific IgG response with the occurrence of adult periodontal destruction. In contrast to results of earlier studies, a number of sera were found to contain strongly elevated IgG levels against two or even all three serotypes. Although derived by an alternative approach, the reported results largely corroborate earlier observations linking only the occurrence of elevated anti-B. gingivalis IgG responses to the presence of marked periodontal lesions in adults.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1983

Bacterial invasion of the periodontium; an important factor in the pathogenesis of periodontitis?

Tissue samples from 2 humans suffering from severe periodontitis were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Confirming earlier observations in gnotobiotic rats, bacteria were found in various regions of gingival tissues. We observed bacteria invading the pocket epithelium, the underlying connective tissue, and microorganisms were also present deep in the connective tissue. The bacterial invasion of the periodontium was accompanied by different stages of tissue degradation. Various morphologically distinct types of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were evident. These microorganisms were found in the apical part of the periodontium. More coronally, a heavy infiltrate consisting predominantly of plasma cells was present. It is suggested that bacteria cannot invade regions of connective tissue protected by a massive cellular infiltrate. It seems that they rather circumvent this strong defense by penetrating more apically through the pocket epithelium while producing as camouflage leukochemophobic compounds which paralyze the chemotactically regulated mobile defense. It seems to us that bacterial invasion is a consistent feature of advanced periodontitis, leading to focal necrosis or microabscesses, and may well explain the cyclic nature of this disease.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

Dextran-induced aggregation in a mutant of Streptococcus sobrinus 6715-13.

A mutant of wild-type Streptococcus sobrinus 6715-13 has been isolated which resists aggregation by exogenous dextran. This variant is able to form adherent plaque deposits in vitro when cultured in the presence of sucrose and has dextranase activity. In these respects it is the complement of previously described isolates which are plaque formation defective but aggregation normal. Measurements of the incorporation of glucose from glucosyl-labeled sucrose into glucan by cell-associated glucosyltransferase enzyme activity and the thermal labilities of catalytic and receptor functions, as well as the binding of labeled dextrans to the cells, provide evidence that neither dextranase nor glucosyltransferase is the receptor involved in dextran-induced aggregation. Blockage of such bacterial aggregation by anti-glucosyltransferase or anti-dextranase sera suggests cross-reactivity between the antigenic determinants of proteins which recognize alpha(1-6) glucan linkages. A model is proposed, consistent with these and previous findings, in which enzymatic function precedes dextran receptor activity in emergence from the cell. It is also proposed that dextran receptor components of the multireactive glucosyltransferase enzyme(s) and dextranase(s) are spatially separate from, although functionally and antigenically related to, the receptors on the bacterial surface involved in dextran-induced aggregation.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1983

Antigenic heterogeneity of Bacteroides intermedius as recognized by monoclonal antibodies.

Four hybrid cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against antigens of Bacteroides intermedius were generated by fusing murine NSI cells with splenocytes from a rat immunized with B. intermedius strain OMZ248. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the distribution of the recognized antigens on 39 strains from various Bacteroides species and on 5 strains from other genera. Only Bacteroides species B. intermedius, B. loescheii, B. melaninogenicus, and B. corporis were found to express at least one of the recognized antigens. Strains of the two asaccharolytic black-pigmenting Bacteroides species were negative. Among the strains capable of binding to one or more of the monoclonal antibodies, five groups with different reactivity patterns could be distinguished. Two of the monoclonal antibodies were specific for B. intermedius. The B. intermedius strains were metabolically almost identical, expressed at least three of the recognized antigens, and fell into three distinct antibody reactivity groups, suggesting a tentative separation of this species into three new serogroups. Oral and nonoral isolates of B. intermedius were, however, not distinguished by the monoclonal antibodies. One monoclonal antibody was directed against an antigen strongly expressed on all saccharolytic black-pigmenting Bacteroides strains tested so far, thus confirming the previously noted antigenic relationship between the species which had emerged from the former B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius and B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Fermentable carbohydrates in teething preparations as a cause of caries in small children].

Occasional clinical observations have shown extensive caries lesions in small children between 12 and 36 months of age, in some of which cases, while sugar intake history was negative, continuous use of teething jellies, lozenges or syrups was established. This prompted the hypothesis that such products were the source of the hidden fermentable sugars, and the sugar content of a number of products available on the Swiss market was therefore analyzed. Sucrose was determined enzymatically using the Boehringer sucrose/glucose UV-test. The content of other fermentable carbohydrates was checked by GLC. The use of such products should not be recommended for real or assumed pain related to the eruption of primary teeth. Among the eight products tested only one was found to be free of fermentable sugars. All other preparations contained 31-93% fermentable sugars, chiefly sucrose. Declaration of fermentable sugars in such products should be enforced by food and drug legislation.

Administration, Topical↗