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Biomedical subjects

B Grenier

Publications and source records attributed to B Grenier.

99 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetic parameters of amikacin in cystic fibrosis children.

35 kinetic studies have been performed, in nine CF children three to 15 years old; six kinetic studies were performed in four non-CF children, one to 12 years old. The dosage was 5 to 12.5 mg/kg, i.v. during 0.5 to 1.0 h, three to four times per day. Amikacin concentrations were measured in the plasma of all children, and in the sputum of CF-patients, by fluorescent polarization (TDX Abbott). The pharmacokinetic parameters in the plasma did not differ significantly in both groups of patients. In CF children t1/2 = 0.94 h (SD = 0.25 h), Vd (area) = 0.257 l/kg (SD = 0.06 l/kg), total body clearance = 130.7 ml/min/1.73 m2 (SD = 32.4 ml/min/1.73 m2). In non-CF children t1/2 = 0.83 h (SD = 0.15 h), Vd (area) = 0.265 l/kg (SD = 0.04 l/kg) and clearance = 155 ml/min/1.73 m2 (SD = 17.4 ml/min/1.73 m2). The parameters were not affected by the dosage of amikacin. The peak plasma concentrations ranged from 19 to 43.8 mg/l. Amikacin peak level in the sputum of CF children never reached the average MIC (4 mg/l) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in these patients. Amikacin concentration in the sputum reached its highest value about 2 h after the completion of i.v. infusion and was directly related to the peak plasma concentration. According to these parameters, the best dosage regimen appeared to be 7.5 to 8 mg/kg or 225 to 240 mg/m2 administered intravenously in 1.0 h, three times per day.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the new quinolones in cystic fibrosis.

Monotherapy with pefloxacin, ofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin for acute exacerbations of bronchopulmonary infection in patients with cystic fibrosis has been shown to be as efficient as traditional intravenous therapy with beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, but these quinolones did not eliminate colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The only pharmacokinetic parameters that were consistently distinct in patients with cystic fibrosis vs. normal subjects were a higher maximal concentration of drug in serum and a smaller apparent volume of distribution in patients with cystic fibrosis, a finding that is likely related to a reduced cell mass in cachectic patients. Emergence of resistant strains of P. aeruginosa, with cross-resistance to other fluoroquinolones, has been a fairly common event during the course of therapy. Overall tolerance to the quinolones has been satisfactory. No toxic effect was observed in cartilage during or after therapeutic courses in young children. Consequently, it is urged that indications for the use of fluoroquinolones be broadened to include preadolescent patients.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seroimmunity following vaccination in infants by an inactivated poliovirus vaccine prepared on Vero cells.

An inactivated poliovirus vaccine prepared from cultures of Vero cells has been tested on 61 infants from two to 11 months of age (mean age, 4.3 months) for tolerance and serologic potency. Three doses of vaccine were given one month apart at the same time that diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine was injected at another body site. Poliovirus-neutralizing antibody titers were measured before the first and third injections and one month after each. The titer was considered positive when the dilution was greater than or equal to 1:4. The tolerance has been good. Thirty-one infants were assessable for serologic efficacy; all had significant serologic responses after two injections of polio vaccine, regardless of the titer of maternally transmitted antibodies before the immunizations. The third injection did not significantly increase the antibody titer observed after the first two doses.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dehydratation secondary to infantile acute diarrhea. Physiologic basis and management of parenteral rehydration (author's transl)].

It is advisable to plan the treatment of every patient according to his clinical and eventually biological data, in order to enhance the efficacy and to lessen the risks of rehydration. This paper begins with a brief review of physiological data and clinical symptoms which make the basis to evaluate the needs of each patient in water and electrolytes. The second part gives some rules of management of the parenteral rehydration, depending on the degree and the type of fluid disturbance either hyper, or iso or hyponatraemic dehydration.

Dehydration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Are theophylline determinations useful to the clinician during treatment with a sustained-release form of theophylline?].

The aims of the study were the correlation between dosage and plasmatic levels of slow release theophylline and the reason for dosage adjustment. 64 pharmacokinetic studies were performed in 58 asthmatic children between 17 months and 16 years. Plasmatic levels of theophylline were performed by fluoroimmunology technique at H0 (before the dose) 2 (H2), 4 (H4), 6 (H6) and 8 (H8) hours after the dose of slow release theophylline. The best correlation between dose and plasmatic levels were observed at H4 and H6 for Armophylline and Euphylline respectively. Dosage adjustment were based both upon clinical state and plasmatic levels in 55 cases. In 9 cases the modification of dose were decided only because of plasmatic levels out the therapeutic range. The authors proposed a schema of dosage modifications based upon clinical state; plasmatic levels must be used as a guide for dose adjustment in patients clinically uncontrolled.

Adolescent↗