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Biomedical subjects

B Gredler

Publications and source records attributed to B Gredler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Smoking intervention program].

For promoting health the "Fonds Gesundes Osterreich" worked out an "Intervention Programme Against Smoking". In cooperation with different institutions as "Osterreichische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Volksgesundheit", "Ludwig-Boltzmann Institut für Gesundheitspsychologie der Frau" and "Institute of Social Medicine, University of Vienna" a report on smoking and health, an update on smoking in pregnancy and associated health hazards, report and overview of smoking cessation in Austria and state of the art of smoking cessation therapy were carried out. Based on these projects curricula for physicians, pharmacists, midwives and psychologists were prepared to involve more and more health professionals that smoking cessation treatment will become a generally accepted part of any preventive or therapeutic strategy to control tobacco associated diseases. The target group of the intervention programme is the dissonant smoker, who wants to stop smoking, informing him and providing professional help. Many techniques ranging from self help to sophisticated combined therapeutic approaches including pharmacological interventions are now available to deal with the nicotine addiction problem. For health policy and public health smoking cessation will be one approach within the framework of a comprehensive approach to control the most important modern epidemic, the health damages caused by tobacco consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Results of a survey of experts regarding early diagnosis of breast cancer].

An anonymous expert inquiry was carried out during the First Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society for Senology in Vienna in December 1984. To 230 participants - all of them experts in the fields of gynaecology, surgery, radiology and internal medicine - a semi-structurised inquiry form was handed out, questioning for actual problems of routine screening mammography and efficacy of breast self-examination. Only 27 persons (12%) returned the completely filled out inquiry form, 14 experts (52%) advocated a mass-screening with the legal health examinations, most of them from the 30th year of age on in intervals of two years, 17 doctors (63%) agreed with the screening of well defined risk groups with individually determined screening intervals, most of them also from the 30th year of age on. 17 colleagues (63%) rather preferred a screening consisting of basis-mammography with individualised, according to age and personal risk factors adjusted screening intervals, again mostly from the 30th year of age on. Thus our study suggests no particular expert preference of a certain screening modality. 22 experts (81%) believe that breast self-examination from the 20th year of age on is of value, half of them recommending monthly controls. These doctors also believe that one should inform women about this early detection method through directed campaigns in the mass media. A representative inquiry among 1,000 Austrian women, carried out from the fund "Kampf dem Krebs" during summer 1986, showed that, although 70% are informed about the possibility and importance of early detection of breast cancer as well as of the method of breast self-examination, only about 14% perform it indeed regularly.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Value of breast palpation in gynecologic practice].

A representative inquiry was carried out among 100 Austrian gynecologists and obstetricians. Aim of the study was to determine the percentage of gynecologists, who carry out routinely the palpation of the breast in their office: 73% of all gynecologists are performing breast-palpation routinely in every patient, 27% only in case of complaints. The highest percentage of routine-breast-palpation performing gynecologists was found among doctors, who are in private-practice only (97%). Particularly low percentages, however, were found e. g. among doctors, who have contracts with all social insurances (58%), who have a high frequency of social-insured patients (55%) or have many patients per day (61%). Since the routine-breast-palpation is of particular importance for the reduction of breast cancer mortality, this examination should be also performed routinely by all general practitioners, internists and surgeons. Therefore, from the point of view of preventive medicine and public health the routine examination of the female breast should be refunded by social insurance in Austria.

Austria↗
PubMed1987

Pap screening in Austria.

In view of the efficacy of the pap-smear, particularly little advantage is taken of this early detection test: only 35% of Austrian women (over 20 years of age) go to at least one gynecological-cytological check-up per year. Previously when low participation in the pap-test program was analysed, mostly socioeconomic and psychosocial factors were taken into consideration, whereas less attention was given to what local preventive and curative services are being offered in this field. Hereby a structural lack of services offered to the target group of older women results in urban areas, because the elderly population primarily takes advantage of curative medical services offered through general practitioners, of whom, however, only 8-27% take smear tests. Regional low participation can also be found in rural areas, due to the lack of preventive behaviour of the rural population regarding prevention. Based on these results, increasing health information through the physician and improving his motivation to take the smear test seem to be a purposeful strategy for increasing participation in the pap-test program.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Facts on the topic "gentle birth": a representative survey of Austrian gynecologists].

With regard to discussions in the public being held in this country throughout the past months, a representative inquiry was carried out among Austrian gynaecologists and obstetricians. Aim of the study was to determine the percentage of obstetricians performing the so-called "birth without violence" according to Leboyer as well as their opinion to this alternative obstetrical thinking: Approximately one half of Austrian gynaecologists is carrying out so-called "births without violence." However, the vast majority of them (78%) prefers for their own wives and their own children "electronic fetal monitoring" during labour and delivery. Analysis of our data according to the age of the doctor, the geographic region of his office, and the number of treated patients shows a considerable discrepancy between performance and personal preference of "alternative" obstetrical methods. These results should be taken into account for further discussions in the public about "births without violence", as obstetricians are among all professions those experts who can estimate the risks of pregnancy and delivery best.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Lung cancer in Austria: present and future trends.

Between 1966 and 1982, age-standardized lung cancer mortality rates in Austria showed a slightly decreasing trend in men and an increasing trend in women. Differences between male and female lung cancer rates and different trends among particular age groups, especially male, can be understood as a function of the difference in past smoking habits: in men, the lung cancer epidemic had already passed its peak. Mortality will continually decrease, with the possibility of a slight and short-lasting future increase, when 1917 to 1931 birth cohorts reach an older age. In women, lung cancer mortality will increase steadily as a consequence of the increasing epidemic of cigarette smoking among young women. But it will never reach the same proportion as in men, because high tar cigarettes have not played the same role in female smoking habits as in male.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Analysis of trends in stomach and intestinal cancer mortality in Austria].

According to age-standardized mortality rates (European standard population, Fig. 1) and mortality rates by birth cohort and age at death (Fig. 2-7) the trends of mortality of stomach and colorectal cancer (1966-1981/82) were analysed for men and women. In a further step it was examined how far these trends could be explained by the hypothesis "diet and cancer" (western diet). Under the postulation that the manifestation of western diet has reduced the risk of stomach cancer drastically, the risk of colorectal cancer has not increased to the same extent. Moreover, rectal cancer has shown only a slight increase and might even decrease in years to come. Having in mind the increasing risk, diet has no major impact so far. The differences in trends according to age groups and birth cohorts indicate the influence of other factors than diet. Furthermore, it is necessary to deal with colon and rectal cancer separately because of the differences in their trends.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Epidemiology of drug consumption in Austria--recommendations for health counselling].

A representative survey of the Austrian population showed these results: 31% (women 39%, men 23%) use pharmaceutical drugs on a regular basis; high consumption rates are observed among people of 50 years and above (50-59 years of age 49%, 60 years and above 64%), among people in bad health condition (68%), among overweight (38%) or people who report being under stress (46%). Another group with high consumption of pharmaceutical drugs are those who already have reduced consumption of tobacco or alcohol. On the basis of epidemiological findings a concept "how to use pharmaceutical drugs" is designed which stresses the differentiation between necessary (and often not applied) medication and abuse of pharmaceutical drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[You can live without smoking. Strategy and evaluation of an anti-smoking campaign (author's transl)].

On World Health Day 1980, of which the motto was "Smoking or Health - The choice is yours", the Austrian Ministry of Health initiated an anti-smoking campaign for protection of environment and health. The action, which is by far the most intensive ever held in Austria and internationally is also one of the most comprehensive campaigns in this sphere, is presented here.

Attitude to Health↗