Canine lung allografts during rejection.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
B Gondos
Publications and source records attributed to B Gondos.
Classification of tumors of the ovary: developmental and ultrastructural considerations.
The classification of ovarian tumors presents a difficult problem because of the great variety of tumor types that can occur. The complex structure of the normal ovary and the diversity of cell types present at different stages of development contribute to this difficulty. Developmental and ultrastructural studies have helped to clarify the problem by indicating specific cell types that correspond directly with the major tumor categories. Tumors may thus be grouped as being of epithelial, germ cell or sex cord stromal origin. The ultrastructural features of tumors in the different categories indicate common characteristics shared with corresponding cell types in the developing ovary. The findings clearly support a histogenetic approach in the classification of ovarian tumors.
Female↗
Cytologic changes in cervical epithelium following cryosurgery.
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Cervix Uteri↗
The incidence of false negative cervical cytology as determined by colposcopically directed biopsies.
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Biopsy↗
Diagnosis of tumors of the kidney: ultrastructural classification.
Diagnosis of tumors of the kidney depends principally on clinical evaluation and radiologic studies. The role of the pathologist is most important in the classification and characterization of the tumors. In addition, morphologic studies employing the use of electron microscopy may aid in the understanding of histogenesis and the recognition of tumor sub-types. Electron microscopic evaluation indicates specific cellular features characteristic of renal adenocarcinoma, nephroblastoma, and sarcomas. Ultrastructural examination can be particularly useful in distinguishing between sarcomas and sarcomatoid carcinomas and in identifying the origin of metastatic tumors. For these reasons, the use of electron microscopy for the evaluation of renal tumors is recommended in selected cases.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Fine needle aspiration cytology of liver tumors.
Fine needle aspiration cytology has undergone increasing utilization in the evaluation of hepatic neoplasms. Experience with liver aspirates has demonstrated that problems in differential diagnosis require thorough understanding of criteria for distinguishing different tumor types. The present report describes the cytologic presentation of primary and metastatic hepatic tumors with emphasis on characteristic nuclear and cytoplasmic features encountered in fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Hepatic pathology in vitamin A toxicity.
This paper documents a case of vitamin A toxicity presenting with splenomegaly and ascites. The light microscopic, electron microscopic, and fluorescent findings are described in detail. The principal histopathologic finding was marked perisinusoidal fibrosis. The role of Ito cells in the storage of lipid-soluble vitamins and their subsequent transformation to fibroblasts producing collagen are discussed.
Adult↗
Diagnosis of abnormalities in gonadal development.
The role of the clinical laboratory in the diagnosis of abnormalities in gonadal development is reviewed, beginning with a description of the normal differentiation of the ovary and testis and the major types of disorders encountered. The conditions are classified as resulting from abnormal gonadal differentiation, defective endocrine function or excessive endocrine activity. Germ cell neoplasms are also reviewed. Laboratory procedures utilized in evaluation of gonadal abnormalities include cytogenetic, hormonal, and histopathologic studies. Standard procedures are described as well as newer method which have undergone increasing use in recent years and other specialized procedures which are under investigation for possible clinical application.
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome↗
Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (carcinoma in situ): a preinvasive lesion of the testis.
The existence of a preinvasive lesion of the testis, referred to as intratubular germ cell neoplasia or carcinoma in situ, is now well established. The finding has been made in infertile males with various types of testicular abnormalities. In a number of cases, there has been subsequent progression to typical malignant germ cell tumors, including seminoma and embryonal carcinoma. Light and electron microscopic studies indicate that the abnormal germ cells within the seminiferous tubules resemble germ cells at early stages of differentiation. The cells lack intercellular connections characteristic of normal developing germ cells, but otherwise are similar to gonocytes and prespermatogonia in the fetal and prepubertal testis.
Carcinoma in Situ↗
Effect of insulin on testicular alterations in the nonobese diabetic mouse.
Severe spermatogenic alterations occur in association with diabetic manifestations in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. A study was undertaken to determine whether or not administration of insulin during initial appearance of diabetic changes could inhibit the interference with spermatogenesis. Male NOD mice injected with cyclophosphamide to promote onset of overt diabetes were divided into insulin-treated and nontreated groups. Testicular specimens were then examined by light and electron microscopy. Insulin-treated animals showed variable changes ranging from normal spermatogenesis to moderate to severe alterations. Animals with diabetes that did not receive insulin exhibited extensive spermatogenic disruption. The findings indicate a blunting of testicular damage when insulin is administered early in the development of diabetic manifestations. Although spermatogenic abnormalities could not be prevented entirely by insulin treatment, the results provide evidence for a direct metabolic effect on the pathogenesis of the testicular alterations.
Animals↗
Histologic changes associated with oral contraceptive usage.
Histologic changes associated with oral contraceptive usage have been described in the cervix, endometrium, myometrium, ovaries, breast, liver and blood vessels. Several types of lesions have been shown to occur frequently in women taking hormonal contraceptives. These include: (1) microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix; (2) endometrial gland regression and stromal decidualization (combination agents); (3) ovarian size reduction associated with cortical fibrosis, suppression of follicle growth and decreased luteinization; and (4) endothelial proliferation and subendothelial fibrosis in blood vessels generally. In addition, cases have begun to be reported in the past few years of adenocarcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the endometrium and tumors of the liver. Atypical but benign changes have also been described in myometrium and breast tissue, and neoplastic lesions in animals given hormonal contraceptive agents have been reported in these sites as well as in the ovary. The various types of changes that occur, both benign and malignant, correlate with known actions of the sex steroids.
Blood Vessels↗
Regulation of the onset of meiosis in the developing testis.
Meiotic division begins the process of spermatogenic maturation leading to sperm formation. In contrast to the ovary, in which meiosis is initiated early in development, onset of meiosis in the testis is delayed until the time of puberty. An assay procedure was utilized to evaluate factors responsible for the activation and prevention of meiosis in the developing rabbit testis. Testicular specimens from postnatal rabbits at different ages were used to determine if meiosis-activating substance (MAS) activity and meiosis-preventing substance (MPS) activity could be demonstrated prior to the onset of spermatogenesis. An in vitro system in which undifferentiated gonads from 11.5 day old mouse fetuses are cultured in test and control media was employed. The findings indicate that MAS activity is associated with the onset of spermatogenesis and is also present shortly after birth. Activity of MPS is present throughout much of the prespermatogenic period, with a decline to reach low levels at the onset of spermatogenesis.
Animals↗
Significance of endometrial cells in cervicovaginal smears.
A study was undertaken to determine the significance of finding normal endometrial cells in routine cervicovaginal smears. The results indicate that the presence of normal endometrial cells in cervicovaginal smears in patients under 40 is generally not of significance, but similar findings in older patients correlate significantly with pathologic changes in the endometrium. In the older age group, therefore, such findings clearly indicate a need for further evaluation, including tissue sampling of the endometrium.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Effect of increasing glucose concentrations on Sertoli cell viability in the nonobese diabetic mouse.
Spermatogenesis is severely altered in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse in the presence of diabetes. When insulin is administered early in the development of diabetic changes, blunting of the testicular damage results, suggesting a direct causal effect of hyperglycemia on the testicular alterations. In view of the key role of Sertoli cells in supporting spermatogenic maturation, it has been speculated that the testicular damage may be mediated via Sertoli cell effects. The present study utilized Sertoli cell cultures to test the effects of different glucose levels on cellular viability. Sertoli cells from NOD and control mice were able to survive at glucose concentrations up to 38 mM, when maintained in culture at constant pH. With higher concentrations, there was a progressive loss of viability, comparable in the test and control animals. Further studies will be needed to determine the specific effect of hyperglycemia on Sertoli cells and the association with spermatogenic alterations in the NOD mouse.
Animals↗