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Biomedical subjects

B Glick

Publications and source records attributed to B Glick.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Myopathological findings in thalassemia major.

In thalassemia major (TM) one third of patients suffers from muscle wasting, weakness and cramps. Six patients with TM were studied. All had muscle wasting and proximal weakness; serum levels of vitamin E were low (0.6-7.0 micrograms/dl) while CPK, LDH and aldolase were normal. EMG revealed low-amplitude short-duration polyphasic potentials in 3 patients and normal activity in 3 others. Nerve conduction velocities were normal in 3 patients studied. On muscle biopsies, moderate variation in fiber size with fiber atrophy and preponderance of type 1 fibers were discovered. Our findings confirm the existence of nonspecific myopathic changes in TM. Chronic vitamin E deficiency should be considered in the pathogenesis of the myopathy in TM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Lymphocyte inhibitory and chemotactic factors produced by bursal and thymic lymphocytes.

Bursal (B) and thymic (T) lymphocytes from chickens sensitized to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD) or human gamma globulin (hGG) produced an avian lymphocyte-inhibitory factor designated as LyIF-PPD or LyIF-hGG, respectively. A chemotactic factor (LCF) for peripheral blood leukocytes was elaborated only by T-cells sensitized to PPD and hGG. These factors were partially purified by HPLC and were characterized physiochemically. Maximum inhibitory activity for LyIF-PPD and LyIF-hGG occurred in peak fractions corresponding to molecular weight ranges of 29,000 to 52,000 daltons and 15,000 to 29,000 daltons, respectively. The inhibitory activity of B- and T-LyIF-hGG was lost after chymotrypsin and neuraminidase treatment. Maximum chemotactic activity for LCF-PPD and LCF-hGG was in peak HPLC fractions corresponding to molecular weight ranges of 9,000 to 16,000 daltons and 8,000 to 16,500 daltons, respectively. Chemotactic activity of LCF-PPD and LCF-hGG was lost following chymotrypsin treatment while it was not reduced after neuraminidase treatment. Both inhibitory and chemotactic activities were stable at 56 C for 30 min and resistant to changes in pH from 5 to 9. The precursor molecule for the lymphokine is made after antigen immunization, but activated in the presence of the sensitizing agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of human adenovirus on the ellipsoid-associated cells of the chicken's spleen.

Ellipsoid-associated cell (EAC) responded in two ways to the intravenously injected human adenovirus. The EAC may produce a chemotactic factor(s) which recruited heterophils to the periellipsoid white pulp. This early event was shown to occur immediately after the virus injection. Within 6 h of injection, the EAC disappeared from the ellipsoid and their vacated sites appeared edemic which suggested that the EAC may be the target cell of the adenovirus in the chicken spleen.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1990

Immunity to Pasteurella multocida in protein-deficient chickens.

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein restriction on the humoral immunity (HI) and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) of chickens. New Hampshire chickens were separated into two dietary treatment groups: basal, containing 3,200 kcal/kg and 21% protein; or protein restricted (PR), containing 3,200 kcal/kg and 7% protein. In studies involving HI, half of the birds in each dietary treatment were vaccinated against fowl cholera at 4 and 8 wk of age. Blood samples were collected weekly beginning at 4 wk of age. Overall, unvaccinated birds had lower titers than vaccinated birds and PR groups generally showed lower titers than basal groups. All birds were challenged by palatine cleft inoculation of live, virulent Strain X-73 of Pasteurella multocida. The vaccinated PR group survived live challenge as well as the vaccinated basal group, but all unvaccinated birds died as a result of the challenge, regardless of antibody titer. In studies involving CMI, half of the birds in each dietary treatment were vaccinated at 5 wk of age. At 2 to 3 wk postvaccination, representative birds from each treatment were bled for total and differential blood counts. Also, birds were sacrificed and spleen cells collected. Cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium with phytohemagglutinin-M (PHA-M), sonicated P. multocida (X-73), or RPMI only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Organic aciduria in Canavan disease].

3 male and 2 female infants with Canavan disease proven in some by brain biopsy, whose symptoms appeared within the first 4 months of life, are presented. Urinary organic acids were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. All excreted large amounts of N-acetylaspartic acid, probably secondary to decreased activity of its hydrolase. The pathogenetic mechanism is not well understood. Analysis of urinary organic acids can replace brain biopsy in the diagnosis of this condition, and the diagnosis can now be made prenatally.

Acids↗
PubMed1989

Interference with the humoral immune response in diverse genetic lines of chickens. II. The effect of colloidal carbon.

Two experiments were conducted to study the difference in humoral immune responses between lines of chickens selected for high (H) or low (L) antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Prior to i.v. immunization with SRBC or Brucella abortus (BA), chicks of both lines were injected with either 2, 3 or 4 ml carbon suspension (59 mg carbon/ml) per kg body weight; controls were not injected. In both the H and L line, a higher dose of carbon showed a more progressive depression of the total antibody titer to SRBC during the initial stage of the primary response. The 2ME-resistant antibody titers to SRBC showed the same tendency during the latter phase of the primary response. However, chicks treated with 3 ml carbon had lower 2ME-resistant antibody titers than any other group. Following i.m. reimmunization with SRBC, the previous treatment with carbon doses enhanced total antibody titers throughout the secondary response, when compared to the controls. The 3 ml carbon-treated chicks had the highest total anti-SRBC titers in the secondary response. The secondary 2ME-resistant anti-SRBC titers were not affected by the carbon doses. Carbon treatment did not affect the antibody titers to BA. No differences between the H and L line were found in the effects of carbon on the humoral immune responses to SRBC or BA.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

In vitro thymidine uptake and incorporation into thymic and bursal lymphocytes from young hypothyroidic chickens.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of thymic and bursal lymphocytes from hypothyroidic chicks to take up 3H-thymidine. To produce hypothyroidism, chicks were fed a diet containing thiouracil (0.1%) from day of hatch to 3 weeks of age. At 1, 2 and 3 weeks of age, body weights were significantly lower for hypothyroid chicks, and at 2 and 3 weeks of age, the relative weights of the thymus and bursa were significantly less than those of controls. Furthermore, chicks treated with thiouracil had significantly lower serum concentrations of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Thymic cells from hypothyroid chicks incorporated less 3H-thymidine at 1 and 3 weeks of age as assessed by liquid scintillation counting and autoradiography. Liquid scintillation counts for labeled bursal cells from hypothyroid chicks were not lower at 1 week of age, but the counts were lower at 3 weeks of age. Autoradiographic studies with bursal cells revealed that 3H-thymidine incorporation was less, but not significantly less, in medium-size lymphocytes from thiouracil-treated chicks at both 1 and 3 weeks of age. Thymidine incorporation into large bursal cells was affected more by thiouracil treatment at 1 than 3 weeks of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Origin of aortic cell clusters in the chicken embryo.

In 3-day-old embryos the aortic cell clusters formed two parallel ridges in the ventrolateral part of the aorta. The border of the somato- and splanchnopleures close to the aorta showed a very intensive cell proliferation and a cell emigration up to the aorta. This cell flow and the bilateral appearance of the intraaortic ridges suggested that the aortic cell clusters originated from the coelomic epithelium. This intraembryonic hemopoietic stem cell formation from the splanchnopleure was comparable to that of the blood island formation in the yolk sac from extraembryonic splanchnopleure. The appearance of the white blood cells and definitive erythrocytes with adult-type hemoglobin was preceded by the aortic cell clusters. We concluded that the stem cells of the adult-type blood developed from the aortic cell clusters whereas the blood islands of the yolk sac may contribute only the primitive red blood cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The proliferative capacity of the cells of the avian Harderian gland.

The largest concentration of plasmacytic cells within avian lymphomyeloid tissue appears in the Harderian Gland (HG). Mature plasma cells were the least frequent cell at day old and the most frequent by 5-weeks of age. Failure of phytohemagglutinin-M to stimulate blasting of HG cells may reflect the low number of T cells in the HG. On the other hand, the uptake of tritiated thymidine by HG cells after short term culture in complete medium was significantly greater than that of splenic cells. The proliferating cells were the plasmablast, and mature plasma cell. Our data demonstrated that labeled B-cells, administered intravenously to 2- or 6-week old syngeneic or allogeneic chickens, did not migrate to the HG. The origin of HG plasma cells may be B-cells which entered prior to 2 weeks of age or the HG may possess a special microenvironment which allowed stem cell differentiation. The maintenance of a high concentration of plasma cells in the HG in the presence of low levels of B-cells may reflect the long-lived nature of the resident B-cell and/or the inherent proliferative capacity of the HG plasmacytic cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interference with the humoral immune response in diverse genetic lines of chickens. I. The effect of carrageenan.

Two experiments were conducted in which the effect of carrageenan (CGN) on humoral immune response of chicks selected on either high (H) or low (L) antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was determined. H and L line chicks were injected i.p. with different doses of CGN prior to immunization with SRBC or Brucella abortus (BA). Four weeks later chicks were reimmunized with the same antigens. In general, control H and L chicks had significantly higher total anti-SRBC titers than CGN-treated chicks in primary response. Also, total anti-BA titers were significantly higher in control chicks than CGN-treated chicks on days 3 and 5 following primary immunization and on days 0 and 7 of the secondary response. Overall, the 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME)-resistant anti-SRBC titers did not differ significantly among the CGN-treated groups. However, control chicks tended to have higher anti-BA 2ME-resistant titers from day 14 p.i. of primary response on. Regardless of antigen or CGN treatment, the H line chicks had significantly higher titers than L line chicks. However, the CGN treatments did not affect the antibody response to BA nor to SRBC differently between L and H line chicks. It would appear that since CGN is cytotoxic for macrophages, selection for antibody production did not result in different abilities of the macrophages of these chicken lines to respond to an antigenic challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Anamnestic response of neonatal chickens to sheep red blood cells as influenced by the number of weeks between the first and second injections.

In two experiments primary and secondary hemagglutination titers of chickens were determined in response to intravenous injections of 1 mL of a 5% suspension of sheep red blood cells (SRBC). All birds received the primary injection at 4 wk of age. In the first experiment, equal numbers of male and female birds were randomly selected to receive the secondary injection at 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk following the initial injection. Based on the level of IgG antibody to SRBC, all postprimary injections affected an anamnestic response. Furthermore, the anamnestic response obtained following the 6 and 8-wk postprimary injection was significantly higher than those obtained with injections 2 or 4 wk after the primary injection. In the second experiment, secondary injections were administered either 3 or 6 wk after the primary injections. The anamnestic response of birds receiving the 6-wk postprimary injection was higher than those injected 3-wk after the primary injections.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Erythrocyte alloantigen diversity and some immunological effects of the B system in related New Hampshire strains.

Chickens from the Lester J. Dreesen strain of New Hampshires and a small (SBL) and a large (LBL) bursa line derived from it were tested with previously prepared reagents for 10 erythrocyte alloantigen systems. Eight systems were shown to be segregating in one or more of the three related lines. Immunogenetic analysis of the hemagglutination reactions resulted in genotype assignments for seven of the systems. The number of alleles segregating at the respective alloantigen loci were three A, five B, three C, two D, two I, two L, and two P. All seven segregating systems displayed considerable divergence in gene frequencies among two or more of the lines. The B1B1 chicks produced significantly higher peak titers against sheep red blood cells than B6B6 chicks; in adults the order of response of genotypes was B1B1, B6B6, B5B5. Peripheral blood leukocytes from groups of adults and 5-wk old chickens responded consistently to phytohemagglutinin-M according to their B genotypes, in the order B1B1, B5B5, B6B6. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations determined at various ages were higher in the LBL than the SBL strain, even after bursectomy. Genes influencing serum IgG levels may be closely linked to one or more of the blood group systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Bursal secretory cells: an electron microscope study.

In addition to lymphocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells, the bursa medulla possesses a cell we have named the secretory cell. The secretory cell, which makes up approximately 0.5% of the bursal cell population, exhibits an eccentric nucleus with a chromatin pattern similar to that of a small lymphocyte and an elongated cytoplasm with one or more cell processes. The electron-dense cytoplasmic granules of the immature secretory cell are localized around the cytocentrum, while in the mature secretory cell these granules are situated beneath the cell membrane of one process. The granular location endows a polarized appearance to the secretory cell. The surface of the membrane is covered with a finely spotted flocculated substance, which may originate from a granular discharge. The round, ovoid, or irregular-shaped granules reveal a homogeneous or distinctive internal pattern. The cortico-medullary border may be the germinal layer of the bursal medulla. The bursal secretory cell is a modified dendritic cell with possible endocrine functions that may be important in B-cell induction.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Organ weights, T-cell proliferation, and graft vs host capabilities of hypothyroidic chickens.

Thiouracil-induced hypothyroidism reduced the thymus weights of young chickens. Thyroid weights were greater in thiouracil-fed (TF) chicks, and the circulating levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were lower. Thiouracil treatment resulted in higher relative adrenal weights and serum corticosterone concentrations. Absolute weights of adrenals were equivalent between control and TF groups. The TF chicks showed depressions of total white blood cell counts and numbers of lymphocytes. Monocyte and granulocyte numbers were unchanged from those of controls. Thiouracil treatment lowered the phytohemagglutinin M responsiveness of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). On the other hand, the PBL from TF chicks produced the higher graft vs host (GvH) response. Therefore, while the hypothyroidic state impaired cycling activity in T cells, this condition did not significantly influence a functional parameter of T cells, the GvH response.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cellular composition of the bone marrow in the chicken, a comparison of femur, tibia and humerus.

A comparison of cellular composition of marrow from femur, tibia and humerus was made at hatch and at 3, 4, 6, and 12 weeks of age. There were no significant differences between femoral, tibial, and humeral marrow in relative and absolute cell numbers, mitotic indices or thymidine uptake. However, the cellularity per mg of marrow was consistently lower for the humerus than it was for the femur and tibia. There was a significantly greater frequency of immature granulocytes in the femur and tibia at hatch than at 4 weeks of age.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Avian thyroid isthmus.

An avian equivalent of the mammalian thyroid isthmus appeared in thiouracil-treated (.1% in feed nd hatching to 6 and 8 weeks of age) chickens. In two experiments in which chickens were fed a diet containing thiouracil, thyroid tissue was found connecting the thyroid glands. Histological examination of the connecting tissue revealed that it was of the same cellular composition as the thyroid glands.

Animals↗