The chicken spleen was studied immunohistochemically with anti-S-100 protein polyclonal antibody. S-100-positive cells accumulated around the penicilliform capillaries during the first 3 weeks of life. After 2 weeks posthatch the S-100-positive cells appeared in the red pulp, periarterial lymphatic sheath, and subsequently in the germinal center. Their ontogenetic development and intrasplenic distribution strongly suggested that the S-100-positive cells were identical with ellipsoid-associated cells. The S-100-negative cells of the periellipsoidal white pulp gradually transformed to S-100-positive, functionally active cells on the surface of the ellipsoid. The immunohistological findings support the hypothesis that the interdigitating dendritic cells and follicular dendritic cells were not of monocytic origin but belong to a splenic resident, endocytic cell line located on the surface of the ellipsoid.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-vimentin monoclonal antibodies differentiate two resident cell populations in chicken spleen.

Splenic stromal cells were studied with anti-vimentin monoclonal antibody clones V9 and 3B4. V9 positive cells were widely distributed both in the red and white pulp, specifically the ellipsoid, but were absent from the germinal centers. These observations suggested that this clone recognized splenic reticular cells. The original name given to the splenic ellipsoid region by Schweigger-Seidel, "Kapillarhülse" or capillary sleeve, would be a more appropriate term than ellipsoid, at least in the chicken because the V9 positive ellipsoid covered the entire length of the penicilliform capillary. The capillary sleeve was decorated by large, 3B4 positive cells that were identical to the ellipsoid-associated cells, a dendritic-like cell. The 3B4 monoclonal antibody recognized large stellate-shaped cells in germinal centers. These data emphasized the cellular difference between ellipsoid-associated cells and the cells of the ellipsoid; the cytoskeletal similarities of the ellipsoid-associated cells and dendritic cells of germinal centers advocate their common cell lineage.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Infantile idiopathic myopathic carnitine deficiency: treatment with L-carnitine.

A series of 9 infants, ranging in age from 3 months to 5 years (average: 2 years), suffered from idiopathic myopathic carnitine deficiency presenting as hypotonia and motor delay. Secondary carnitine deficiency was eliminated by appropriate tests. Muscle carnitine concentration ranged from 2.3-7.1 nmol/mg non-collagen protein (NCP; average: 4.87 nmol/mg NCP; normal: 22 +/- 6 nmol/mg NCP). Lipid accumulation in muscle was observed in 2 of 8 patients. Therapy with L-carnitine (100 mg/kg/day in most patients) was given with clinical and laboratory follow-up 6 months later. In 7 of 9 patients, muscle tone and motor function improved. Muscle carnitine concentration increased to a range of 2.7-23.4 nmol/mg (average: 12.27 nmol/mg). In some patients the muscle carnitine content multiplied by a factor of 3-4, but carnitine concentration reached the normal range in only 2 patients. Most infants with idiopathic carnitine deficiency did benefit from 6 months of therapy; however, in order to achieve full recovery the duration of therapy should probably continue for longer periods, with a dose of not less than 100 mg/kg/day.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A bursal secretory dendritic cell and its contributions to the microenvironment of the developing bursal follicle.

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Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bursa of fabricius references.

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Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of three commercially available adjuvants on the production of antibodies to Pasteurella multocida in broilers.

Three commercially available adjuvants--incomplete Freund's, Ribi adjuvant system, and Hunter's TiterMax--were used to compare antibody responses of broilers to Pasteurella multocida antigen. Differences among treatments over the 9-week study were determined by measuring antibody responses of twice-vaccinated birds using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. The antibody level induced by the vaccine with incomplete Freund's adjuvant was the highest, followed by the vaccines with TiterMax and Ribi.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗