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Biomedical subjects

B Gasser

Publications and source records attributed to B Gasser.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Benign hyperplasia in ectopic prostatic tissue: a rare cause of pelvic mass.

Four cases of a pelvic mass due to the development of benign hyperplasia within ectopic prostatic tissue are reported. They presented a hypoechoic homogeneous or heterogeneous pattern on transrectal ultrasonography and a high signal intensity on T2-weighted spin-echo sequences on MR. On CT the density was similar to that of prostatic tissue. No recent imaging findings of this rare entity have been described in the literature. Possible aetiologies are discussed. Even if it is a rare event, the correct diagnosis can be reached. It is important for radiologists to consider the presence of this lesion because of its benign nature.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with cerebromeningeal involvement after short-term intravenous corticosteroid therapy in a patient with asthma.

The present case report describes a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with cerebromeningeal invasion in an asthmatic non-immunocompromised patient. This fatal complication occurred despite early anti-fungal antibiotherapy after a 2-week course of intravenous corticosteroid therapy for treatment of an exacerbated asthma. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Interstitial laser photocoagulation of osteoid osteomas with use of CT guidance.

PURPOSE: To evaluate interstitial laser photocoagulation (a minimally invasive percutaneous technique of thermal destruction of deep-seated tumors, with low-power laser energy) in local destruction of osteoid osteoma, with computed tomographic (CT) guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients (age range, 8-48 years) with presumed osteoid osteoma were treated with CT-guided interstitial laser photocoagulation of the nidus. A high-power semiconductor diode laser (805 nm) with a 400-microm optical fiber was used. The fiber was introduced into the nidus through an 18-gauge needle. Around the fiber tip, well-defined coagulative necroses from 5 to 9 mm (energy delivery, 400-1,000 J) were obtained. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had complete pain relief, which was apparent within 24 hours in eight patients. One patient had recurrence of pain after 6 weeks. The remaining nidus was treated a second time, with complete relief. Treatment was unsuccessful in one patient, and surgical excision was performed. Daily activities were not restricted after the intervention. All patients were followed up for more than 1 year, with no sign of recurrence. The only notable complication was a mild reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the wrist in one patient. Sclerosis of the nidus was observed 4-6 months after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous interstitial laser photocoagulation of osteoid osteoma seems to be a promising, simple, precise, and minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgical and percutaneous ablations.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Experimental bilateral urinary obstruction in fetal sheep: transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression.

To gain insight into the role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the development of kidney pathology following fetal obstruction, we measured TGF-beta 1 gene expression, the active peptide, and the urinary concentration in a model of fetal bilateral urinary obstruction (BUO) in sheep. Fetal lambs underwent BUO at 60 (FO-60) or 80 days (FO-80) of gestation and were studied at 120 days. Independently of the onset or duration of obstruction, all fetuses developed type IV dysplasia (IV) associated with an arrest in the nephrogenesis or hydronephrosis. Fetal glomerular filtration rate was not significantly modified, whereas sodium tubular reabsorption was significantly decreased, and urinary TGF-beta 1 concentration was elevated in hydronephrosis but not in IV. Levels of TGF-beta 1 mRNA were increased in hydronephrosis compared with normal kidneys, and active TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity was increased in both hydronephrotic and IV kidneys. In summary, TGF-beta 1 may play a role in the development of hydronephrosis and dysplasia in kidneys following fetal BUO. Its role in the arrest of nephrogenesis observed in the IV kidneys remains to be proved.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Migratory pulmonary infiltrates in a patient treated with sotalol.

Beta-blockers may induce several types of adverse respiratory reaction such as asthma, interstitial lung disease with or without pleural effusion, systemic lupus erythematosus or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. More recently, bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) has been described. We report here on pulmonary migratory infiltrates with combined histopathological features of both BOOP and eosinophilic pneumonia in a woman treated with sotalol long-term. The patient improved only partially with steroids. Tapering off corticosteroid dosage resulted in relapse, and complete recovery was only obtained after sotalol was stopped.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1997

[Retentional jaundice and hypoxemic pneumopathy].

The authors report the case of a patient with a pancreatic carcinoma who developed lung metastases mimicking a diffuse bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. Such features have already been described mostly with carcinomas of the digestive tract but also with breast, and head and neck carcinoma. Macroscopically and microscopically there is no difference between these lung metastases and a primitive bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. Identification of a surfactant protein might identify a primitive bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1997

[Direct gene transfer in the rat kidney in vivo].

Gene delivery to the kidney has both experimental and therapeutic potential in hypertension, although the delivery methods, distribution of transgene and subsequent inflammatory response have been poorly characterized. In adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 g, n = 26), the left iliac artery was catheterized and a small catheter (Microbore Tygon S-54-HL) was advanced to the origin of the left renal artery. Loops were tied transiently around the aorta and below the renal arterial bifurcation. After flushing the kidney, the renal vein was tied and 500 microL of transfection solution was instilled. After 15 min all the loops were released, the catheter was removed and the left iliac artery ligated. Both replication-defective adenovirus (ADV) constructions used were based on an Ad5 derivative with a partial E3 deletion. Virus ADV-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) and ADV-human placental alkaline phosphatase (hpAP), 10(8), 3 x 10(8), 10(9) and 10(10) plaques forming units/mL (pfu/mL), were used respectively to compare the degree of transfection (CAT) and to localize the transgene in the kidney (hpAP), 48 h after transfection. Controls were infused with vehicle. ADV-CAT 10(10) pfu/mL induced a gene expression, respectively, 1.4 (NS), 12 (p < 0.001) and 28 (p < 0.001) fold greater than the 10(9), 3 x 10(8) and 10(8) pfu/mL formulations. HpAP staining was located in the juxta-medullary part of the cortex, predominantly in the interstitium. Genetically-modified cells were identified as endothelial cells, mainly in peritubular capillaries but also in efferent arterioles and hilar arteries. Highly efficient gene transfer achieved with ADV-hpAP 10(10) pfu/mL was associated with focal necrosis of the proximal convoluted tubules. No changes were observed with the other viral concentrations. Gene delivery, mediated by a replication-defective ADV, to one rat kidney via the renal artery, induced a dose-dependent gene expression located in endothelial cells in peritubular capillaries. Toxicity was observed only with the highest viral concentration.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1996

Blood vessel invasion is a major prognostic factor in resected non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: We examined the prognostic value of histologic indices in non-small cell lung cancer with particular interest in major blood vessel invasion. METHODS: We studied 593 patients who had curative resection between November 1983 and December 1988. We determined the histology, T and N status, peritumoral lung tissue invasion, tumor stroma, necrosis, mitotic rate, and blood vessel invasion. RESULTS: The median patient survival of the whole series was 3.2 years, with a 5-year survival of 38.9%. In univariate analysis, a high T stage, a high percentage of necrosis, blood vessel invasion, and N stage significantly worsened the survival. In multivariate analysis, only blood vessel invasion and, less significantly, T stage and lymph node metastasis remained independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the negative prognostic value of blood vessel invasion in non-small cell lung cancer and suggest that blood vessel invasion, T stage, and node metastasis are three unrelated and distinctive characteristics of resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Small cell carcinoma of the pleura. A case report.

Small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC) represents about 25% of all lung cancers. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma is a very uncommon feature, mostly described in the oesophagus. We report here a case of small cell carcinoma of the pleura with histopathological findings, clinical course and response to therapy typical of SCLC.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

Prenatal diagnosis of unilateral tibial hemimelia.

We describe a case of unilateral tibial agenesis which was initially observed at 21 weeks' gestation. Unlike bilateral tibial hemimelia syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant condition, unilateral tibial agenesis, which accounts for about three-quarters of all newborns with this condition, has not previously been described. This case could have been a sporadic abnormality but, in view of the association with other observations (distal bifurcation of the femur, club foot), could be considered as an autosomal recessive inherited condition with variable penetrance. Ultrasonographic features and the genetic prognosis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Albumin as a sealant for a polyester vascular prosthesis: its impact on the healing sequence in humans.

OBJECTIVE: Although the healing characteristics of albumin impregnated vascular prostheses have been extensively studied in animal models, they have never been studied in humans. We therefore examined the healing sequence and the albumin degradation rate of this type of prosthesis harvested from humans. We also addressed the possible relationship between the implantation of cross-linked albumin and a specific inflammatory reaction. METHODS: Thirty albumin-impregnated polyester vascular prostheses were collected in our institution from January 1991 to February 1993. The mean duration of implantation of the prostheses was 8.4+/-9.7 (SD) months (range: 1 hour to 26 months). Twenty two prostheses were patent at the time of explantation and 4 had been thrombosed for less than 24 hours. In 18 cases, the prostheses were surgically removed because of a complication or a reoperation, and during an autopsy in 12 cases. Each harvested specimen was submitted to histological and immunohistochemical studies in order to demonstrate the presence of human albumin sealant, and to determine the inflammatory cell constituents. RESULTS: The albumin-impregnated prostheses were poorly infiltrated by healing tissues after 2 years of implantation. An external capsule was constantly observed after 2 months of implantation with a nonspecific chronic inflammatory reaction localized between the capsule and the polyester yarns. We observed large amounts of albumin sealant after 2 months, a gradual degradation with time, and traces after 2 years of implantation in humans. The luminal surface of the explant was mainly covered with organized fibrin. No histological signs of a specific inflammatory reaction were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The healing of the albumin impregnated prosthesis was poor and the degradation rate of the albumin sealant was significantly delayed, when compared to animal models. This difference in degradation rate could be related to interspecies differences of phagocytic cells enzymatic machinery. Finally, implantation of glutaraldehyde cross-linked albumin in humans is safe, since we observed an aspecific chronic foreign body inflammatory reaction.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Preoperative evaluation of cancers of the esophagus. Contribution of in vivo staining].

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the effectiveness of a dye-endoscopy to detect inapparent multicentric carcinomas of the oesophagus. METHODS: The study included 95 patients scheduled for oesophagectomy. A lugol stain was applied to the oesophageal mucosa and any non-stained area was biopsied. The proximal oesophagus was reexamined on the pathology specimen obtained after oesophagectomy. RESULTS: Intramucosal epithelioma of the proximal oesophagus was found in 7 patients (7.4%) and severe dysplasia was seen in 3 (3.1%). Abnormal stains were seen in 33 patients including 9 with diffuse parakeratosis. There were 24 focal anomalies including 6 cases of intramucosal carcinoma, 3 severe dysplasias, 3 gastric metaplasias and 12 parakeratoses. One intramucosal epithelioma observed on the surgical specimen had not been detected by the staining technique. Overall sensitivity was 85.7% and specificity was 71.7%. Including focal anomalies only, specificity was 79.5%. CONCLUSION: Vital staining is a useful tool for pre-operative assessment of cancer of the oesophagus, in particular for superficial forms.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prenatal diagnosis of a congenital astrocytoma: a case report and literature review.

Congenital intracranial tumors are very rare. We report an endovaginal ultrasonographic diagnosis of an anaplastic astrocytoma at 31 weeks' gestation. Other means, such as antenatal magnetic resonance imaging and fetal blood sampling were not shown to have any diagnostic advantage. A detailed literature review of the topic is provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-expressing cells in the nasal septum of human fetuses.

In 12-19 weeks old human fetuses, LHRH-immunoreactive (LHRH-Ir) cells were detected in the nerve fascicles arising from the vomeronasal organ (VNO), from their origin to their end point at the medial aspect of the olfactory bulb (vomeronasal and/or terminal nerves). In one 22-weeks-old fetus, LHRH-Ir cells were present only in the upper part of the nasal septum, in the nerve fascicles crossing the cribriform plate. No LHRH cells could be detected in two fetuses, 23 and 36 weeks old. Our results are discussed with regard to the migratory hypothesis of LHRH cells from the medial olfactory placode to the brain.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

Hepatic calcifications in a fetus with trisomy 9 that underwent cordocentesis.

Foci of calcification were observed at autopsy in the liver of a fetus with complete trisomy 9 on which two cordocenteses had been performed. It is suggested that liver calcifications are a possible complication of the procedure. As several other cases of calcifications in the liver and other organs of fetuses with autosomal trisomies have been described without a history of cordocentesis, further studies should be carried out to determine whether fetuses with chromosomal anomalies are more prone to thrombus formation and embolization.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Triple aneurysm of the Valsalva sinus complicated by right coronary occlusion: apropos of a case and review of the literature].

We report a case of aneurysm of all three aortic sinuses. The patient suffered from both cardiac failure and angina pectoris. The diagnosis, suggested by echocardiography, was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which showed marqued dilatation of all three aortic sinuses. At operation, we observed dilatation of all three aortic sinuses, measuring 2 to 6 cm and partially thrombosed. We performed a Bentall operation with reimplantation of the left coronary artery ostium. The right coronary ostium was thrombosed and was revascularized by a saphenous vein bypass. Despite prolonged circulatory assistance and an intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, cardiopulmonary bypass could not be stopped and the patient died. This is a new case of multiple aneurysms of the aortic sinuses and also a case of aortic sinus aneurysm (ASA) complicated by coronary insufficiency. This last complication has a poor prognosis, as demonstrated by a review of the 28 cases described in the literature. MRI was found to be important for the diagnosis of the ASA, in combination with echocardiography and angiography which can underestimate the aneurysm because of the frequently associated mural thrombus.

Aortic Aneurysm↗