Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Gardner

Publications and source records attributed to B Gardner.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A comparison of hospital costs and morbidity between octogenarians and other patients undergoing general surgical operations.

The hospital costs and clinical results of 304 patients who were more than 80 years old and who underwent general surgical procedures were evaluated. The over-all mortality rate was 14 per cent; 19.9 per cent occurred in patients admitted under emergency conditions as compared with 8.9 per cent that occurred in patients undergoing elective procedures (p less than 0.001). Seventy-nine per cent of the patients were discharged and 7 per cent required care in a skilled nursing facility. Survival rates were as good or better than standard life table survival rates for 80 year old patients. Costs were higher in those who were admitted under emergent conditions or who died in the hospital. Deaths were a result of complications of the primary disease rather than associated disease in most groups. Neither costs nor length of stay could accurately predict survival of individual patients. We concluded that health resources should be directed at treating problems, such as cholelithiasis, hernia or carcinoma, early before complications develop.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Differences in the nature and kinetics of the ethanol-related circulating cytotoxic proteins in normal subjects and patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis.

The kinetics and nature of the nondialyzable cytotoxic activity which appeared in the serum after the consumption of 1.2 g ethyl alcohol per kilogram body weight over 45 min was studied in six healthy volunteers and eight patients with histologically proven alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver. Whereas the cytotoxic activity in the dialyzed serum showed a single peak with a maximum value 8 hr after the start of ethanol consumption in the healthy volunteers, it showed two peaks with maximum values at 2 and 8 hr in the patients with cirrhosis. Studies of the fractions obtained by Sephacryl-S-300 gel filtration of the 2-hr postalcohol serum samples revealed substantial cytotoxic activity in the fractions containing both the albumin peak and the IgG peak in the patients with cirrhosis and only in the fractions containing the albumin peak in the healthy volunteers. Experiments with pure IgG preparations obtained from prealcohol and 2-hr postalcohol sera by chromatography on Q-Sepharose Fast Flow anion-exchange resin showed considerable cytotoxic activity in the preparations from the patients with cirrhosis and little or no cytotoxic activity in those from the healthy volunteers. Thus, the early peak of the biphasic serum cytotoxicity curve seen after ethanol consumption by patients with cirrhosis appeared to be caused by the development of a substantial cytotoxic activity in the IgG molecules during the first 2 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1989

Epitopes on sialoglycoprotein alpha: evidence for heterogeneity in the molecule.

The binding of 15 125I-labelled mouse monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface sialoglycoprotein alpha (SGP alpha: synonym Glycophorin A) was studied using intact IgG and Fab fragments. It was estimated that the number of sialoglycoprotein alpha (SGP alpha) molecules per red cell is of the order of 1 x 10(6) and the number of sialoglycoprotein delta (SGP delta; synonym Glycophorin B) molecules per red cell is of the order of 1.7-2.5 x 10(5). Competitive binding assays showed that antibodies of the same blood group specificity (four anti-Ns reacting with SGP alpha and SGP delta (BRIC 33, BRIC 115, BRIC 120, BRIC 123) and four anti-Wrbs reacting with SGP alpha (R7, BRIC 14, BRIC 89, BRIC 93) inhibited binding of each other to red cells. Two antibodies (R1.3 reacting with SGP alpha and SGP delta and R18 reacting with SGP alpha) recognized distinct epitopes, and the remaining five antibodies (BRIC 116, BRIC 117, BRIC 119, BRIC 127, R10 reacting with SGP alpha) partially inhibited binding of each other to red cells. This latter observation and the finding that four of these antibodies (BRIC 116, BRIC 117, BRIC 119, BRIC 127) bind to a considerably smaller number of antigen sites (1.69-2.71 x 10(5) for intact IgG) than the maximum value obtained, suggests heterogeneity of glycosylation within SGP alpha molecules. The functional affinities of the IgG antibodies ranged from 1 x 10(5) to 4 x 10(7)M-1.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Rehabilitation of the cancer patient.

Cancer patients often require extensive rehabilitation after treatment. Organization of a rehabilitation team and determination of its goals are a primary aim of such programs. Studies of job security and insurability demonstrate significant problems and biases toward the cancer patient. Discussion has been made of specific male and female sexual rehabilitation programs as well as programs directed at other physical disabilities secondary to head and neck or amputation surgery. Attention is drawn toward familiarizing the surgeon with these problems in order to enhance his treatment of the cancer patient.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1988

Detection of kidney reactive antibodies at crossmatch in renal transplant recipients.

We have investigated retrospectively sera from 70 renal allograft recipients for the presence of antibodies binding to a preanastomosis biopsy of the donor kidney by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. All recipients had a negative T cell lymphocytotoxic crossmatch. A positive immunoperoxidase crossmatch for kidney-reactive antibodies was seen in 13/70 (18.6%) recipients--6 reacting with endothelium, 4 with epithelium, and 3 with both cell types. Neither the presence of these antibodies nor their pattern of staining correlated with recipient graft outcome. Following transplantation endothelial reactive antibodies developed in 15/43 (35%) patients, whereas tubular epithelial antibodies occurred in 5/43 (12%). The antibodies were persistent and accompanied graft failure in 10/14 (71%) patients, while transient antibodies were only associated with graft failure in 2/12 (17%) recipients. Development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies did not correlate with the presence of renal reactive antibodies or eventual graft outcome. Smooth muscle and antinuclear antibodies in recipient sera prior to transplantation were associated with improved graft survival. Eluates of 8/14 rejected grafts confirmed the presence of renal reactive antibodies, with patterns of staining similar to those observed in recipient sera. Antibodies in 7/8 recipients were shown by absorption studies to have HLA class I and/or II specificity, the remaining recipient having proximal tubular brush border antibodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Circulating cytotoxic protein generated after ethanol consumption: identification and mechanism of reaction with cells.

Serum obtained from healthy volunteers 6-7 h after consumption of 60-95 g of ethanol contained cytotoxic activity against mouse A9 cells and all of six human cell lines tested. Affinity chromatography of such sera demonstrated that at least some of the cytotoxic molecules consisted of altered albumin. Complexes formed by the reaction of 14C-acetaldehyde with 125I-labelled human serum albumin in vitro were also cytotoxic. After treatment with a reducing agent, sodium borohydride, the cytotoxicity of both post-alcohol serum and the acetaldehyde-albumin complexes fell sharply, suggesting that the cytotoxic activity resided in the unstable Schiff bases formed during the first stage of reaction between the acetaldehyde and proteins. A detailed analysis of the reaction between the double-labelled acetaldehyde-albumin complexes and K562 cells revealed that the cytotoxic activity resulted from the release of acetaldehyde from such complexes and the preferential binding of the free acetaldehyde to the target cells.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1987

Five-year survival after extended resection of colon cancer.

Eleven cases of prolonged survival after extensive resection of colon cancer including neighboring structures are presented. Our understanding of colon cancer as a rapidly invasive but slowly metastasizing tumor has provided the rationale for this approach. Techniques of ureteral and abdominal wall reconstruction are presented. Cures are possible with this approach, and without the availability of adequate chemotherapy aggressive resections remain the mainstay of treatment.

Colectomy↗
PubMed1987

Investigations of factors influencing the prognosis of colon cancer.

Six hundred sixty patients from Downstate and Hackensack Medical Centers were restaged and reviewed to establish correlations with survival using Cox's proportional hazards model. Age, sex, tumor size, and total nodes examined in patients with involved nodes did not correlate with survival. Tumor depth, number of involved nodes, and total nodes examined in patients with uninvolved nodes did correlate with survival. Patients with metastatic invasion into an adjacent organ with uninvolved nodes had an excellent 5 year survival rate compared with patients who had full-thickness invasion into the serosa with uninvolved nodes. These observations need to be confirmed. The relationship of some of these factors to currently used staging systems has also been discussed.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Estimation of the number of binding sites for a murine monoclonal anti-Lub on human erythrocytes.

The number of Lub antigen sites on the human erythrocyte membrane, as recognised by the murine monoclonal antibody BRIC-108, has been determined. The number of antibody molecules bound per cell on one example of cells of the phenotype Lu(a-b-) with recessive inheritance was an average of around 200 in replicate determinations, which probably represents non-specific antibody binding. A similar number of antibody molecules to this bound to trypsin- or pronase-treated normal cells or cells of the Lu(a-b-) phenotype associated with the inheritance of the X-borne gene, XS2. The number of binding sites on three examples of cells of the phenotype Lu(a-b-) with dominant inheritance was from 440 to 690. A variation in the number of binding sites per cell from 1,640 to 4,070 was found in five individuals with the phenotype Lu(a-b+) and from 850 to 1,820 in four individuals with the phenotype Lu(a+b+). Four individuals with the Lu(a+b-) phenotype had an average of 480 binding sites per cell. The Lub antigen therefore appears to a have low-site density and a variable level of expression on the erythrocyte surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Cytotoxic protein molecules generated as a consequence of ethanol metabolism in vitro and in vivo.

A non-dialysable cytotoxic activity developed in the supernatants of human blood-monocyte-derived macrophages cultured in the presence of ethanol and in the serum of three healthy volunteers who drank 500-700 ml wine over 20-35 min. On 'Sephacryl S-300' gel filtration of the culture supernatants and the serum samples from the subjects who took alcohol, the cytotoxic activity eluted together with albumin molecules. Studies of human serum and of various commercially purchased human serum protein fractions treated with carbon-14-labelled acetaldehyde and non-radioactive acetaldehyde, respectively, provided strong circumstantial evidence that the cytotoxic proteins were albumin molecules that had become complexed with acetaldehyde generated by the metabolism of ethanol. The cytotoxic activity developing in vivo was greatest 6-10 h after the consumption of ethanol started, when blood alcohol levels were normal or only slightly high. The appearance of a circulating long-acting cytotoxic macromolecule after the ingestion of ethanol may be of considerable importance in clarifying the mechanisms underlying ethanol-induced tissue damage.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1985

Azathioprine and cyclosporin: different tissue matching criteria needed?

Of 275 renal transplants performed over seven years in a single unit, azathioprine was the main immunosuppressive agent in 128 and cyclosporin in 147. With azathioprine graft survival was, as expected, negatively related to the number of HLA mismatches; with cyclosporin the reverse held true.

Actuarial Analysis↗