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Biomedical subjects

B Garcia

Publications and source records attributed to B Garcia.

125 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Effect of infection on food intake and the nutritional state: perspectives as viewed from the village.

Data from a prospective study of a Guatemalan village population revealed an exceedingly high force of infection which may effect nutrition and growth from gestation onward. Maternal morbidity was higher and fetal antigenic stimulation was more frequent than in industrial societies. Infection of the young child was a common occurrence and although a great many infections were silent, morbidity rates were extremely high, particularly during the protracted weaning period (6 to 24 months). Infectious disease was found to be an important cause of weight loss, arrest in height, and impaired physical growth. Also, it was a common precipitating factor of severe malnutrition and death. Analysis of the dietary data of fully weaned children did not reveal a deficit in protein intake. Most children, however, had very low calorie intakes. Infectious disease was a common cause of anorexia and of marked reduction in calorie intake, followed by weight loss and impaired physical growth. A strong inverse correlation was detected between infectious disease and calorie intake in the 2nd year of life, when children were being weaned. Infection is the most important isolated factor in the causation of malnutrition in the village. A reorientation of health and nutrition policies seems in line in view of failures of food supplementation programs, particularly with protein, in many parts of the world.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1976

Antenatal events and postnatal growth and survival of children in a rural Guatemalan village.

The biological features of all pregnant women and newborn infants in a typical rural village of Guatemala have been studied form 1964 to the present; 458 pregnancied have been analysed. The mothers averaged 143.1 cm in height 52.9 kg in weight and 9 mm in triceps skinfold. The diet of most was adequate in percentage protein but inadequate in iron and other nutrients. Infection was common, two or more episodes occurring in 40 per cent of pregnancies. The newborn population had a birthweight averaging 2533 g and length 45.6 cm. Thirty-four per cent were less than 2501 g at 37 weeks gestation or over; seven per cent were pre-term. The infants' growth was followed till age six years. Survival correlated strongly with birth weight and gestational age. Pre-term infants showed the poorest survival in neonatal and postneonatal infancy; but the survivors thrived therafter. The term-small-for-gestational age infants had poor survival in infancy and during the second and third years. Term infants with adequate weight-for-gestational age had the best survival rate. Postnatal physical growth correlated with birth weight and gestational age but pre-term adequate-for-gestational age infants showed a rate of growth as good as that of term infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Urinary excretion of NAG and FDP in acute renal graft rejection.

Determination of the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and fibrin degradation products (FDP) made it possible to make a diagnosis of 25 out of 26 acute rejection episodes at least 24 hr before deterioration in renal function occurred. Of the two tests, the estimation of daily urinary NAG is the most practical for routine clinical use. This test alone permitted early diagnosis in 21 out of 26 episodes. In 9 out of 11 episodes in which both estimations showed an increase, the rise in FDP occurred before the rise in NAG. This is consistent with the view that in some forms of rejection, at least, intravascular fibrin deposition occurs first and causes ischaemic damage to renal tubular cells and consequent deterioration in function.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Xenotransplantation of human decay accelerating factor transgenic porcine kidney to non-human primates: 4 years experience at a Canadian center.

From July 1999 to December 2002, a total of 27 baboons underwent transplantation with human decay accelerating factor (hDAF) transgenic porcine kidneys. The immunosuppressive protocol included combinations of 1 or more of the following immunosuppressive agents: cyclosporine, TPC, cyclosphophamide, methylprednisolone, GAS914 (a polymeric alpha-Gal), rabbit antithymocyte serum (RATS), and rapamycin derivative (RAD). The animals were followed up clinically with monitoring of renal function based on daily creatinine and urinary output. Histopathological examination of the tissue samples was performed after paraffin embedding. Electron microscopy was performed on occasion. All pathology was read blindly with a semiquantitative scoring method to assess the presence or absence of histological features of xenotransplant rejection. Mean survival time was 20.7 days (range, 4-75 days) with 15 animals dying of classic humoral rejection and 12 dying of complications unrelated to rejection. The most frequent complications were as follows: chronic diarrhea with malabsorption, bleeding diathesis, infections, and drug toxicity. Irrespective of the immunosuppressive regimen, a significant number of baboons (10) developed untreatable diarrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding. Samples of their gastrointestinal tracts showed evidence of varying degrees of necrotizing vasculitis with immunoglobulin (Ig)G,IgM, and fibrin deposition. The survival in pig-to-baboon kidney xenotransplantation continues to be limited by acute xenograft rejection and complications of immunosuppression. Although significantly increased survivals have been obtained, an ideal protocol has not yet been achieved. Efforts will continue in an attempt to develop a protocol with minimal complications and long-term survival beyond 90 days.

Animals↗