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Biomedical subjects

B Gairard

Publications and source records attributed to B Gairard.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Familial risk of breast cancer and abortion.

We found that the risk of breast cancer associated with a family history of breast cancer increased with the number of abortions (induced as well as spontaneous) in a study of 495 breast cancer cases and 785 controls aged 20 to 56 years. For the women who had undergone at least two abortions, the risk associated with a family history did not seem to depend on the type of abortion. This finding suggests that the effect of a family history on the risk of breast cancer is modified by event(s) resulting from abortions. Further epidemiological studies should be conducted to verify the existence of this interaction.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1993

Variations in the risk of breast cancer associated with a family history of breast cancer according to age at onset and reproductive factors.

In a case-control study of 495 breast cancer patients and 785 controls between 20 and 56 years of age, the risk of breast cancer associated with a family history of breast cancer was studied according to age and reproductive factors. The familial risk of breast cancer was not significantly modified by age at onset, age at menarche, number of children, age at first full-term pregnancy, menstrual cycle length or age at menopause. However, the familial risk significantly increased with the number of abortions (p < 0.05) and seemed to decrease after a natural menopause (p = 0.08). These results suggest that a familial predisposition to breast cancer exerts the same influence during the first six decades of life, except maybe when there are isolated or repeated events such as abortions or artificially imposed menopause, in which case the risk is apparently greater.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The general practitioner and screening for cancer of the breast. Study of a sample of 200 general practitioners in the Bas-Rhin].

A questionnaire survey of 200 doctors who were a sample of the general practitioners of the Bas-Rhin department was carried out. This was in order to ascertain what they knew about cancer of the breast and how they practised medically in this area, what were their doubts and what motivated them to screen for this kind of cancer? The questionnaire was found on the whole to acceptable. The enquiry showed that undoubtedly doctors were in favour of screening for cancer of the breast but were less enthusiastic carrying it out routinely. They also were unaware of ways in which such screening could be carried out (mammography being considered and examination which shows where the cancer was and not as a screening method). Furthermore, there was some confusion between screening and means of diagnosis. Results of this study show that it should be possible to outline the content and means of informing general practitioners about how to screen in order to enable them to participate in the Alsatian pilot campaign for screening for breast cancer.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Association between breast cancer and family malignancies.

In a case-control study, the relationship between a family history of cancer of the breast, ovary, colon, uterus or prostate and the risk of breast cancer was investigated. The data consisted of family histories from 495 breast cancer cases and 785 controls aged 20-56 years. A positive association was found between the occurrence of breast cancer and a history of breast cancer in the families of the subjects affected. This relationship increased linearly with both the degree of kinship of the affected relatives and with their number. The risk of breast cancer associated with other types of cancer in the family was not significantly different from unity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: a French case-control study.

The relationship between the risk of breast cancer and oral contraceptive use was investigated in a case-control study conducted in France between 1983 and 1987 in five public hospitals. Some 464 cases aged 25 to 56 years and 542 matched controls were interviewed about their history of the use of oral contraceptives (OC). Results are given for the entire population and for the subgroup of 358 and 379 premenopausal cases and controls. The multivariate relative risk estimate, for ever user, was 1.5 (p less than 0.01) in the whole group as well as in the premenopausal subgroup (p less than 0.02). However, there was no evidence that the effect varied appreciably according to duration of use, age at first use, use before first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) and time since first or last use. The risk was not altered for any particular brand of OC. We conclude that, because of the widespread attention given to the relationship between OC use and breast cancer, information bias might be responsible for part of the excess in risk observed among OC ever users.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Principles and first results of the European program of breast cancer screening in the Bas-Rhin].

A mammographic breast cancer screening began in May 1989 in the Bas-Rhin. It has been selected by "Europe against Cancer" for France. Its aim is not to prove the efficiency of mammography screening by one view every two years, as many studies has proven it. Its purpose is to find the best methodological model for a national campaign. Its principles are to change attitudes and to obtain the active participation of the physicians without creating new structures. This campaign is offered to women aged 50 to 65, living in Bas-Rhin (74,200 women) without individual convocations. Their participation is obtained by a continuous information and motivation. The mammographic examinations are taken in charge by the Health Insurance and performed by the radiologists who have signed a convention. The homogeneity of the results is assured by a double and triple reading under the responsibility of the ADEMAS. In May 1990, after one year, 17,228 women had presented to the screening test. The positive test rate is 7.6% and 7.6% of the women had a diagnostic procedure which indicated a biopsy for 188 women. Among the first 176 histological results, 76 cancers have been diagnosed, 100 women had a benign lesion. The ratio cancer/benign lesion is 0.76.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Specific expression of human pS2 gene in breast cancer].

The hormone-dependence of some human breast cancers is well recognized. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the growth stimulation of these cancers by oestrogens are still poorly understood. With the hope of elucidating these mechanisms, we have recently cloned and studied the structure-function relationship of the human oestrogen and progestin receptors, and also undertaken a study aimed at characterizing genes whose expression is controlled by oestrogens in hormone-dependent breast cancers. We review here our findings concerning one of these genes and its expression products, the pS2 gene. We discuss also whether a systematic determination of pS2 gene expression in breast cancer biopsies could be useful to establish a new biochemical classification of these cancers which may be useful to improve the diagnosis of hormone-dependent cancers.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Specific expression of the pS2 gene in subclasses of breast cancers in comparison with expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and the oncogene ERBB2.

The expression of the pS2 gene, which is induced by estrogen in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, has been investigated in breast cancers by using pS2 mRNA determination in tumor specimens and immunocytochemistry to identify pS2 protein in paraffin-embedded sections. Using these assays we show that determination of pS2 gene expression allows the definition of subclasses of estrogen-receptor-containing breast cancers that may be used to more precisely identify estrogen-dependent tumors. Tumor specimens have also been analyzed for the presence of mRNAs for the estrogen receptor and for the ERBB2 oncogene. No evidence for the presence of truncated forms of estrogen-receptor mRNA has been found, and overexpression of the ERBB2 oncogene did not correlate with the steroid receptor status or pS2 gene expression.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

[Basic principles of a breast cancer detection program].

The results of different programmes for screening carried out at present in foreign countries give sufficient proof of the value of screening for cancer of the breast in asymptomatic women of over 50 years of age. There is a significant reduction in mortality between 30 and 70%, according to different studies. Women who were screened had their cancers diagnosed at an earlier stage of the illness than those who were not screened whatever the ages of the women were. These results give a basis for planning screening in France. However, controlled pilot studies should still be carried out to widen screening in a country. These studies should in particular look at technical methods, evaluate the quality of the information that is obtained and the acceptability by women, as well as the training of radiologists and the qualities of the methods used. Finally, each programme should be controlled by the Public Authorities who will be paying for it.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Hormone therapy and chemotherapy of endometrial cancer].

It is correct to add hormone or chemotherapy in advanced metastatic disease of endometrial carcinoma and in recurrences. Large doses of hormone treatment have to be given. These are progestagens and the success rate with them, no matter which product is used, is approximately 30%. The use is limited by high blood pressure and the risks of vascular complications and metabolic upsets. Tamoxifen seems to the better tolerated and gives similar results. The response to hormone treatment depends on how sensitive the tumor is to the hormones. It is better when it has large numbers of progesterone receptors and it is of low grade. When the tumour is resistant to hormones, chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs should be used. These drugs are adriamycine and mono or combined chemotherapy, but there is no protocol as yet that is better than any other. The debate about whether to use adjuvant treatment in stage I or II cases is open. It must be considered when the prognosis seems to be bad or there seem to be large risks of recurrences.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Hormone dependence and steroid receptors in adenocarcinomas of the endometrium].

The degree of hormone-dependence of endometrial cancers may be evaluated by the presence and the rate of estradiol and mostly progesterone receptors in an endometrial fragment. The most differentiated tumors have a high receptor content, while anaplastic cancers are most of the time without them. They must be systematically determined regardless of other prognostic factors enabling to evaluate the prognosis and guide the treatment. It is presently facilitated by the method of immunochemical titration on histological section, available for estrogen receptors, disclosing the spatial and functional distribution of hormono-dependent cells.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1985

[Follow-up of women following treatment of breast cancer].

The follow-up of women treated for breast cancer rather varies according to school of thought. This follow-up is often too irregular, insufficient or unnecessarily exhaustive and costly. It depends on numerous factors such as the doctor-patient relationship, stage of disease, frequency and usual site of metastases, time lapsed since first treatment, and validity and reliability of tests. In early stages, attention must be paid to discovery of recurrence and metastasis, either in the opposite breast or in other organs. In advanced stages, the examination involves an evaluation of the degree of extension and ongoing disease activity with search for evidence of stability.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mammary echothermographic comparisons (author's transl)].

This attempt at comparison between the absorption and thermogenesis of breast tumour tissue is currently being continued using a larger group of patients and complemented by measurement of tumour thermogenesis in situ and of the acoustic properties of operative specimens. Such studies define the contributions of thermographic and ultrasonic findings in diagnosis, prognosis and indications for biopsy and treatment, by their integration and combination alongside the data obtained by palpation/inspection and radiological, cytological and histological findings.

Adult↗