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Biomedical subjects

B G Solheim

Publications and source records attributed to B G Solheim.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effect of filtration and storage of platelet concentrates on the production of the chemotaxins C5a, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and leukotriene B4.

BACKGROUND: The production in platelet concentrates (PCs) of C3 activation products (C3bc), terminal complement complex (TCC), and chemotaxins C5a, interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and the proposed reduction in concentration of the chemotaxins by white cell reduction were examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Samples were collected from supernatants of PCs produced by apheresis (apheresis PCs) or from buffy coats (BC PCs) immediately after the production, after white cell-reduction filtration on Day 1, and after 5-day storage, and examined by enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS: Complement was activated in all PCs during storage, and the concentration of activation products was not influenced by prestorage filtration. In prestorage white cell-reduced BC PCs, only C3bc levels increased. Levels of IL-8, TNFalpha, and LTB4 increased during storage of apheresis PCs, but not in filtered units, except for LTB4. In contrast, levels of IL-8 decreased after storage of filtered BC PCs. C5a correlated significantly with IL-8, which also correlated with TNFalpha and LTB4. CONCLUSION: Both C5a and TNFalpha generation in apheresis PCs seem to induce white cell IL-8 production, which mediates cellular LTB4 release. Prestorage white cell reduction is recommended for reducing chemotactic cytokine and leukotriene levels in all PCs. Production of BC PCs is recommended to achieve less complement activation, which is not affected by filtration.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1998

Viral safety of blood derivatives by immune neutralization.

Despite careful donor selection and virus inactivation procedures, transmission of viruses by transfusion of blood and blood derivatives is still a threat. Outbreaks of hepatitis A among hemophiliacs having received highly purified, immune globulin depleted coagulation factor concentrates, put the importance of immune neutralization of viruses in blood derivatives in focus. Neutralizing antibodies may block several steps in the virus infection of a cell, from binding of virus to the cellular receptor to the uncoating of virus after uptake in the cell. The efficacy of antibody neutralizing activity depends on the availability and stability of the neutralizing epitopes. Hepatitis A and B viruses are very efficiently neutralized by antibodies and immune escape mutants rarely emerge. Anti-parvovirus B19 antibodies do not fully inactivate the virus, at least in low concentrations, but may prevent development of disease. The neutralizing epitopes on hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus are located on hypervariable regions of virus membrane proteins. The effects of neutralizing antibodies are thus marginal as immune escape mutants emerge at a relatively high frequency for both viruses. The neutralizing activity of anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies is also questionable as persons may become reinfected with cytomegolvirus despite high levels of antibodies. Plasma and plasma derivatives produced from large donor pools have the potential of being very efficient transmitters of viruses. Neutralizing antibodies are Nature's own, and very important barriers against the spread of many known and unknown viruses contaminating the plasma pools.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1998

Improved blood preservation with 0.5CPD erythro-sol. Coagulation factor VIII activity and erythrocyte quality after delayed separation of blood.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Delay between blood collection and the separation of its components may result in lowered yield of factor VIII (FVIII) and loss of 2,3-biphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). This study was to see whether the use of 0.5 CPD resulted in better preservation of FVIII and maintenance of 2,3-BPG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 55 units of blood were collected in 0.5CPD and 48 in CPD SAG-M. Ten of the collections were paired, so that the same donors were bled in a single session partly in an 0.5CPD system and partly in CPD SAG-M. After collection, the blood was promptly cooled to 20 degrees C and stored at that temperature for up to 24 h. RESULTS: Preservation of FVIII activity was significantly better in 0.5CPD compared with CPD. The content of von Willebrand factor was stable in the anticoagulant solutions for 24 h at that temperature. Plasma separated from both media had how levels of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and complement activation. Paired collections substantiated previous reports that red cell storage is significantly improved in 0.5CPD compared with CPD SAG-M with respect to 2,3-BPG and haemolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Red cell metabolism and oxygen-releasing capacity are kept at acceptable levels in 0.5CPD blood for 24 h at 20 degrees C before component separation. The concentration of red cell 2,3-BPG remained at normal or slightly subnormal levels during further storage in 0.5CPD at 4 degrees C for 2-4 weeks before gradual decay to an average of 39% at 48 days.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1996

Self-sufficiency for plasma and plasma proteins in Norway.

Self-sufficiency has been achieved in Norway with regard to all major blood products even with the collection of only 41,906 units of whole blood and 2,586 plasmapheresis sessions per million inhabitants (1994). Since 1989 the collaborative effort of the 'Norwegian Fractionation Project' has secured the self-sufficiency of virus-inactivated plasma and (high/ ultra-high purity) products of plasma proteins. Thus national self-sufficiency for plasma can be obtained by a combination of national guidelines, close collaboration to the clinicians, and a limiting plasmapheresis programme combined with the preparation of FFP from the majority of whole blood collections.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1995

Vaccination with mutant ras peptides and induction of T-cell responsiveness in pancreatic carcinoma patients carrying the corresponding RAS mutation.

Mutations in codon 12 of K-RAS are frequently found in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. T-cell responses specific for individual RAS mutations can be elicited in vitro by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with synthetic peptides. Mutant ras peptides are therefore a candidate vaccine for specific immunotherapy in pancreatic carcinoma patients. When vaccinated with a synthetic ras peptide representing the K-RAS mutation in their tumours, a transient ras-specific T-cell response was induced in two of five patients treated. The vaccination protocol involved multiple infusions of large amounts of peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting-cells obtained by leucapheresis. These results indicate that specific T-cell responses against mutations uniquely harboured in tumour cells can be induced in cancer patients by vaccination.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Increased risk when using HLA matched donors].

For 30 years it has been known that immunodeficient patients can have a fatal reaction to transfused blood components containing viable lymphocytes. This risk of a transfusion-associated graft-versus-host reaction can be totally eliminated by irradiation of the blood prior to transfusion. Immunocompetent individuals can have this potentially fatal reaction if the blood donor is homozygous for one of the HLA-haplotypes of the recipient. The probability of this coincidence is low when donor and recipient are unrelated, but considerably higher when they are genetically related. When HLA-matched blood platelets are indicated for transfusing patients refractory to random platelets, the platelets must always be irradiated with minimum 25 Gy, since a large proportion of the donors will be homozygous with one of the HLA-haplotypes of the recipient.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1994

[Infusion of hematopoietic stem cells from the blood. Simpler and better than bone marrow transplantation?].

Infusion of haematopoietic stem cells, either autologous or allogeneic, allows treatment of malignant diseases with marrow ablative doses of cytostatics or whole body irradiation. Hospitalization and general anaesthesia is necessary for bone marrow harvesting, while the harvest of peripheral stem cells may be performed without hospitalization. Mobilization of haematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow to peripheral blood, followed by cytapheresis and harvesting of the stem-cell containing fraction is a promising alternative to the harvest of marrow. We have tried this in one patient with advanced acute myeloid leukaemia and discuss our experience and that of others.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
PubMed1994

[Medical coding and classification systems].

Medical coding and classification systems are expected to become increasingly important in the health care sector. Together with and as an integrated part of the electronic health information systems, the coding and classification systems will be used to improve the quality and effectiveness of the medical services. Activities connected to the different coding and classification systems are a very important component of the attempts at standardization taking place both in Norway and in the rest of Europe within the discipline medical informatics. These activities must be secured a proper professional and economic foundation. It is also of vital importance that national health authorities should participate in these activities and establish formal cooperation with professional bodies. In Norway, the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs has accepted with some miner modifications, our suggestion for a model where the Norwegian Medical Association would be responsible for the medical aspects of the coding and classification systems and for their development, and the Norwegian Centre for Medical Informatic's for organization, distribution, electronic version, integration in information systems and user assistance.

Classification↗
PubMed1993

[Changes in consumption of blood--the significance of resource related and economic factors].

During the period 1985 to 1991 there has been a marked change in consumption of blood, and at the National Hospital the number of transfusions decreased by 52% from 41,747 units. However, the number of admitted patients annually has remained unchanged and the patient pattern includes more complicated cases. We conclude that cost accounting, consumer-adapted reporting, vigilant follow-up and an active transfusion committee are important factors for the changes in blood consumption. Furthermore, the professional attitude towards surgical blood conservation techniques and modern haemotherapy have been consolidated at the hospital concerned.

Blood Component Transfusion↗
PubMed1992

[Quality control of leukocyte filtration of blood products].

Quality control of leucocyte depleted blood products has become a problem since the introduction of bedside leucocyte filtration. At our Blood Centre, this problem has been circumvented by testing a sample taken as the filtration is completed by sealing off a 10 cm piece of tubing just under the filter. We have tested four brands of erythrocyte filters, Pall RC100, Erypur Optima b, Sepacell R-200A and Sepacell R-500A(II) using two erythrocyte concentrates for each filter. We have tested two brands of thrombocyte filters, Pall PL100 with 6-8 thrombocyte concentrates, and Sepacell PL-5A with 2-6 concentrates. No transfusion should give more than 5 x 10(6) leucocytes. Pall PL100, Pall RC100 and Sepacell R-500A(II) met the criteria.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1992

[Attitude of blood donors towards cholesterol measurement].

In analyses of cost-effectiveness it is customary to count knowledge of having a high serum cholesterol level as a negative factor. There is little support for this practice in the literature. We have studied the attitude of 305 Norwegian blood donors towards cholesterol testing. 63% stated that they were interested in their serum cholesterol level, and 40% said they knew their own serum cholesterol level. The attitude towards cholesterol testing was clearly positive, both among men and among women, regardless of age. Only one donor stated that she did not want to have her serum cholesterol tested in conjunction with blood donation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Changes in serum cholesterol level in blood donors over a 2-year period].

Serum cholesterol levels were measured in 280 blood donors between November 1988 and May 1989 and again between February and April 1991. In 84 of these persons the cholesterol level was also measured between November 1989 and January 1990. The 122 females showed a 9.6% reduction in mean serum cholesterol from 5.8 mmol/l in the first sample to 5.2 mmol/l in the final sample. The 158 males showed a 7.4% reduction from 5.7 to 5.3 mmol/l. Females with initial values greater than 6 mmol/l showed an average reduction in serum cholesterol of 15.2%. For males with initial values greater than 6 the reduction was 14.0%. There was no difference in reduction between those whose cholesterol was measured at the beginning and the end of the study and those whose cholesterol was also controlled during the course of the study. Our study shows that, in the case of blood donors, a programme involving measuring serum cholesterol and distributing written information can lead to a substantial reduction in serum cholesterol.

Adult↗