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Biomedical subjects

B G Melamed

Publications and source records attributed to B G Melamed.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Necessary considerations for surgery preparation: age and previous experience.

While the number of hospitals incorporating psychologic preparation for surgery is increasing, little research has been done to determine whether providing information, the most common preparation, is uniformly beneficial. This study compared the effects of presenting hospital-relevant and irrelevant information on information acquisition, physiologic responsivity (heart rate, palmar sweating), self-report of medical concern, and observed anxiety, considering the factors of age and experience. Fifty-eight children between the ages of 4 and 17 scheduled for elective surgery were shown either a hospital-relevant slide tape information package or an unrelated film the night prior to surgery. Results support the effectiveness of hospital-relevant information as improving the children's experience and recovery from hospitalization for surgery. However, age and previous experience also affect the amount of information acquired, with older and experienced children having more information. Children under the age of 8 who had at least one previous surgery experience reported increased medical concerns if they viewed the hospital-relevant presentation. The findings suggest that the provision of information can be helpful, but is contraindicated for young, experienced children who might be better prepared utilizing alternative strategies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Reduction of fear-related dental management problems with use of filmed modeling.

In this study of the modification of anxiety-related disruptive behavior in dental treatment, matched groups of inner-city children attending a pedodontic clinic were shown a videotaped demonstration of a 4-year-old black child undergoing a dental restorative procedure or were given an unrelated drawing task before dental treatment. Children who viewed the videotape demonstration of a peer model coping with dental procedures showed significantly fewer fear-related disruptive behaviors during restoration of lesions. Observations of children's anxiety levels made by dentists and independent observers validated the effectiveness of viewing the videotaped demonstration. No significant correlation was found between the children's reports of their anxiety and their behavior during dental treatment.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of filmed modeling to reduce uncooperative behavior of children during dental treatment.

Sixteen inner city children attending a pedodontic clinic were shown either a filmed demonstration of a child model cooperatively undergoing dental treatment or a film unrelated to dental activity. The group viewing the modeling film showed significantly fewer disruptive behaviors during restorative care and were rated as less fearful than the control group.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dentist's reassuring touch: effects on children's behavior.

Physical contact with patients by health care providers has been found to benefit the patients by reducing their fearful or avoidant reactions. This study tested whether a reassuring touch could be used during a routine pediatric dental examination to reduce children's anxiety and improve their behavior. Thirty-eight children between 3.5 and 10 years of age were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions. Children assigned to the touch condition were patted on the upper arm or shoulder on two separate occasions by the dentist during the examination while simultaneously receiving verbal reassurance and descriptions of the upcoming procedures. Children in the no-touch control condition received only the reassuring verbal descriptions without contact. Results indicated that touched children between the ages of 7 and 10 years (but not children aged 3.5 to 7 years) displayed less fidgeting behavior than their no-touch counterparts (P < 0.05). Post-treatment, children who were touched tended to report greater pleasure (P < 0.06) but less dominance (P < 0.10) than children not touched.

Analysis of Variance↗