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Biomedical subjects

B G Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to B G Coleman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pseudocyesis in an adolescent patient. Case report and radiologic analysis.

The physical and psychological changes of pseudocyesis have bewildered physicians since the time of Hippocrates. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl as a reminder that pseudocyesis needs to be considered in adolescents and that the diagnosis may not be obvious, even with current technologies. We document that gaseous distension and abdominal fat deposits can lead to dramatic abdominal fullness and can mimic a term pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Pelvic adenopathy from bladder and prostate carcinoma: detection by rapid-sequence computed tomography.

Diagnostic pelvic lymphadenectomies are used in both bladder and prostate carcinoma. Enhanced rapid-sequence computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the retroperitoneum and pelvis was done prospectively in patients scheduled for lymphadenectomies. The CT results were then compared to the histopathological findings in 32 patients to analyze the ability of dynamic CT to indicate whether a lymphadenectomy is needed. The comparison showed eight true positive, four false negative, 18 true negative, and two false positive. The sensitivity was 66%, specificity 90% and accuracy 81%. The diagnostic considerations of the role of CT based on these findings are illustrated and discussed.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1983

CT of sarcomatous degeneration in neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromatosis is a relatively common disorder that often involves many organ systems. One of the least understood aspects of this malady is a well documented potential for sarcomatous degeneration of neurofibromas. The inability to identify patients at risk and the lack of noninvasive screening methods for symptomatic patients often leads to late diagnosis. In six of seven subsequently proven neurofibrosarcomas, CT demonstrated low-density areas that histopathologically appeared to be due to necrosis, hemorrhage, and/or cystic degeneration. The density differences within these sarcomas were enhanced by the intravenous administration of iodinated contrast agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Sonography of renal adenocarcinomas.

Hypernephromas account for over 90% of the primary malignant neoplasms of the kidney. These tumors present a spectrum of sonographic findings that correlates well with the known angiographic and pathologic characteristics. Ultrasound can be used to indicate that a mass previously seen on intravenous urography is indeed solid. In addition, the echo intensity, homogeneity, and margins of the tumor can be elucidated. Often, a specific diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma can be made based on these findings. Lymphadenopathy, contralateral metastases, as well as simultaneous primary tumors may also be diagnosed. Therefore, ultrasound has a critical role to play in the diagnosis and management of hypernephromas which will be emphasized in this manuscript.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Wilms' tumor: diagnostic therapeutic implications.

Twenty-four cases of Wilms' tumor were analyzed. The gray-scale echographic characteristics of the tumors were categorized. Correlation with pathologic characteristics, clinical presentation, prognosis, and therapy response was assessed. Two echographic patterns emerged: (a) hypoechoic solid--3; and (b) hyperechoic solid--21. Necrotic degeneration as well as decrease in tumor size were echographic features correlated with positive response to therapy. The results of this analysis showed no initial correlation between the echographic patterns and the clinical presentation or prognosis. On the other hand, the echographic features of Wilms' tumor seem distinctive enough to help in etiologic differentiation and therapy management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The accuracy of gray-scale renal ultrasonography in differentiating cystic neoplasms from benign cysts.

To evaluate the ability of gray-scale renal ultrasonography to distinguish cystic neoplasms from benign cysts, 182 cysts or cyst-like masses were reviewed retrospectively by three radiologists with varying degrees of experience in nephrosonography. All cases were proved by needle puncture or surgery. An unequivocal diagnosis of "cyst" based solely on ultrasonography was 98% accurate, with 2% being due to hematomas, localized hydronephrosis, or septa within the cyst. No cystic neoplasms were mistaken for benign cysts. These results indicate that experienced observers using proper technique will rarely be in error in distinguishing non-neoplastic cystic masses from cystic neoplasms by articulated-arm gray-scale ultrasonography, and that routine needle puncture may be unnecessary in such cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Role of computed tomography in the presurgical evaluation of carcinoma of the cervix.

Thirty-six consecutive patients either with primary or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) to assess CT's ability to screen patients prior to radical surgery. Overall accuracy when compared to surgical findings or skinny needle biopsies was 80%. In accuracies by CT were the results of inability to assess minimally enlarged lymph nodes, inability to distinguish fibrosis from recurrent tumors, and difficulty in delineating actual tumor invasion versus contiguity of adjacent pelvic organs. Computed tomography proved to be a sensitive indicator in delineating actual tumor bulk and sidewall extension. Information gained by CT compared favorably with that obtained by intravenous urography, barium enemas, lymphangiography, and nuclear medicine bone scans. This comparison indicates that CT can serve as a sensitive imaging modality to assess the surgical candidacy of patients either with initial or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix. An algorithm of studies is proposed based on this preliminary investigation.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1981

CT differentiation of solitary from diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

The therapy and prognosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma vary greatly with the solitary versus the diffuse form of the disease. Solitary disease demonstrates a high resectability rate with good long term prognosis. This contrasts with the rapidly fatal course associated with the diffuse form. To date, categorization of patients into either the solitary or the diffuse form has been based solely on conventional radiography. Multiple authors have reported cases of disease not demonstrated radiographically but discovered at surgery or autopsy. With the superiority of chest computed tomography (CT) for demonstrating parenchymal abnormalities, we propose that preoperative CT may be crucial in the workup of patients with presumed solitary bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. Early identification of diffuse disease or confirmation of the presence of solitary disease by CT may allow the institution of proper therapy and better evaluation of patient prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of renal pelvic filling defects.

Thirteen patients with a variety of renal pelvic filling defects were evaluated using computed tomography (CT). Nonopaque calculi and some blood clots can be more accurately differentiated with this modality than has heretofore been possible. In transitional-cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, the main value of CT appears to be in tumor staging. CT may also be helpful where urography cannot discriminate between extrinsic compression and true intraluminal renal pelvic defects.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1981

Prospective analysis of the value of scrotal ultrasound.

Ultrasound was evaluated in 69 patients for its usefulness in distinguishing scrotal abnormalities requiring surgery from those that may have clinical follow-up only. Distinction was possible in the majority of cases. On imaging, tumor showed decreased echogenicity within the testicle, which was usually enlarged. Epididymal enlargement, marked increase in peritesticular fluid, and skin thickening suggest a non tumorous condition. The ultrasound characteristics of various scrotal abnormalities are described.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed1981

Detecting lymphatic metastases from prostatic carcinoma: superiority of CT.

CT scanning was performed on 29 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma (stage A or B). Bipedal lymphangiography was performed in 12 cases. Histologic confirmation was obtained in 15 cases (pelvic lymphadenectomy in 12 and positive percutaneous needle biopsy in three). In these 15 proven cases, the overall accuracy of CT was 93% with one false positive and no false negatives. Lymphangiography was far less accurate (55%) with two false positives and three false negatives in 11 proven cases. The greater accuracy of CT resulted primarily from its ability to detect abnormal nodes in the pelvis, particularly hypogastric nodes, which are rarely opacified by lymphangiography. Preliminary experience suggests that CT is superior to lymphangiography in detecting early lymphatic spread from prostatic carcinoma in the pelvis. In the future, CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy should be useful for documenting metastases in these patients.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1981

Management of solid tumors in children: contribution of computed tomography.

To evaluate the impact of computed tomography (CT) on therapeutic management decisions in solid tumors of the chest and abdomen, 92 examinations on 54 children with 13 histologic tumor types were analyzed. The CT impact on the management decisions was analyzed in relation to other diagnostic procedures of the same body part including sonography, chest films with tomography, abdominal/pelvic films, and excretory urography. Overall, CT provided the essential information of 47% of management decision. By confirming non-CT examination results it helped direct therapeutic decisions in 28%. No additional information was derived from CT in 20%. Technically poor studies in 5% resulted in CT errors. According to the procedural method, CT provided additional information in 42% when compared with sonography, in 38% when compared with chest films and tomography, in 41% when compared with abdominal/pelvic films, and in 27% when compared with intravenous urography. The investigation showed that CT provided information directly affecting the therapeutic management decision in a significant number of patients.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

CT staging of bladder carcinoma.

CT staging was performed in 49 consecutive patients with known carcinoma of the bladder. The overall accuracy of CT staging in 25 patients with surgically confirmed disease stage was 64%. Most diagnostic errors in this series were related to the determination of perivesical fat involvement by tumor. The overall accuracy of CT in predicting lymph node metastasis was 92%. The sensitivity was 60% and the specificity ws 100%. Because of the current management of bladder carcinoma, the major role of CT is in the evaluation of lymph nodes for metastatic disease. Since CT cannot detect metastasis to nonenlarged lymph nodes, it has only a limited role in the staging of bladder carcinoma at this time.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1980

CT evaluation of mediastinal pseudocyst.

Rarely do pancreatic pseudocysts extend into the mediastinum. We recently evaluated a case exemplifying this phenomenon. Although ultrasonography demonstrated the nature of the mass, computed tomography (CT) allowed better definition of various anatomic relationships and afforded improved definition of the superior aspect of the pancreatic pseudocyst. The role of CT and its advantages over ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic pseudocyst are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Gray-scale sonographic spectrum of hypernephromas.

The sonographic appearances of 43 proved hypernephromas was characterized and correlated with the angiographic and pathologic features. This report details the findings and emphasizes the criteria for recognizing poorly echogenic tumors, which may be confused with cysts. A diagnostic dilemma may be posed by these tumors, particularly if angiography shows no evidence of tumor neovascularity. The end point in diagnostic work-up of these tumors must be based upon a correlative approach utilizing the clinical, urographic, sonographic, and angiographic data.

Adenocarcinoma↗