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Biomedical subjects

B Foley

Publications and source records attributed to B Foley.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Expression of HERV-K proviruses in human leukocytes.

HERV-K is a 50-copy, human endogenous, class 1 retroviral element that contains some polycistrons with gag, pol, and env open reading frames. Although expression of HERV-K proviruses has been shown in cultured human cell lines, expression of these elements has not been shown in human blood leukocytes. Using both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and ribonuclease protection techniques, we show HERV-K pol gene expression in human blood leukocytes. Expression in blood leukocytes from 7 normal individuals was from a variety of different HERV-K proviruses, while restricted expression was observed in blood cells of 5 leukemia patients and 3 polycythemia vera patients. Evidence is presented suggesting that the restricted expression in leukemia blood cells is a result of gene regulation, not gene amplification.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Expression of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K) in chronic myeloid leukemia.

We have previously demonstrated the presence of a reverse transcriptase-like enzyme in retroviral particles from patients with essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. It was subsequently shown that the human genome contains 50 copies of HERV-K. HERV-K is a human endogenous class I retroviral element that contains gag, pol, and env open reading frames. Using both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and ribonuclease protection assays, it is demonstrated that the HERV-K pol is expressed in human blood leukocytes. The data indicates that this expression is restricted in CML white cells and is the result of gene regulation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Cystinotic and normal fibroblasts: differential susceptibility to cysteine toxicity in vitro.

Extracellular cysteine concentrations between 0.5 and 2.5 mM resulted in death of normal but not cystinotic cells grown in Eagle's minimal essential medium containing supplemental fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Differential cell survival was determined by viable cell counting using Trypan Blue dye exclusion. In cocultivation experiments of [3H]thymidine-labelled cystinotic fibroblasts with nonradioactive normal fibroblasts, autoradiography confirmed the selective survival of cystinotic cells in medium containing 1 mM cysteine. At this concentration of 1 mM cysteine, intracellular cystine content increased slightly in surviving normal cells but not in cystinotic cells, which normally contain a high level of intracellular cystine. This comparative resistance of cystinotic fibroblasts to elevated extracellular cysteine concentrations forms the basis for an in vitro selective system for these mutant human cells. Further exploration of this resistance phenomenon may well expand the understanding of the molecular defect in cystinotic cells.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1979

[TSH-screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. Experiences with early thyrotropin (TSH) screening].

14,919 newborn infants were screened for congenital hypothyroidism within the last 5 years using a sensitive TSH method. 10 infants with congenital hypothyroidism were discovered thus presenting a frequency of 1:4500. Four of these infants showed abnormally high TSH levels and normal thyroxine levels. The determination of TSH in cord blood--or combined with the screening program for phenylketonuria--in eluate of dried filter paper specimens is the most sensitive test for primary hypothyroidism without false negative results and a low false positive recall rate of 0.16%. After initiation of therapy with thyroxine the TSH level falls unless therapy is delayed for longer. In the latter case TSH levels may remain elevated for several months despite therapy with thyroxine. We would suggest to start therapy with triiodothyronine for up to 14 days prior to initiation of the usual thyroxine therapy.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heterotopic bone formation in the patient with burn injuries. A retrospective assessment of contributing factors and methods of investigation.

The incidence of heterotopic bone formation in seven of 25 patients with burn injuries who required endotracheal intubation and ventilation for smoke inhalation injury was believed to be unacceptably high. Factors in the affected patients distinguishing them from those unaffected were sought. Total protein levels were found to be higher in the affected group. This may correlate with the calciuretic response to protein loading reported previously. Of the affected patients, four demonstrated extreme agitation and resisted physiotherapy. Only one of the 18 nonaffected patients was equally agitated and resistant (p less than 0.05). The additional joint trauma sustained by the affected patients may contribute to the development of heterotopic bone. In bone scans in 18 consecutive patients deemed to be at risk, all showed increased radioactivity at multiple joints. Only seven patients developed heterotopic bone. Bone scans are not sufficiently specific to be used as a diagnostic tool in detecting heterotopic bone.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Major burns managed without blood or blood products.

Four major burns (two flame, one scald, one electrical) were managed without administration of blood or plasma. Serial changes in hemoglobin, and serum albumin and total protein measurements were compared with those of controlled patients matched in age and total body surface area burned who were treated by standard methods. Hemoglobin values were lower but within one standard deviation, although serum protein and albumin measurements fell more than one standard deviation below mean values observed in control patients at comparable times after burn injury. Important treatment principles that were instrumental to recovery include a high-calorie, high-protein diet, iron supplementation, use of pediatric blood sampling techniques, and monitoring for and prophylaxis against infection while allowing eschar to separate spontaneously rather than performing early debridement. Amputation of mummified electrically burned limbs at more proximal levels, including marginally viable muscle, is recommended to minimize infection and decrease blood loss associated with customary conservative serial debridements.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of silver sulfadiazine 1% with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% to silver sulfadiazine 1% alone in the prophylactic topical antibacterial treatment of burns.

Wound bacterial colonization in 118 patients treated with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% in silver sulfadiazine 1% applied daily to the burn wounds was compared to that of 135 comparable patients similarly treated with silver sulfadiazine 1%. With chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% in silver sulfadiazine 1%, colonization by Staphylococcus aureus was less frequent (38%) than with silver sulfadiazine (54%, p = 0.016). No statistical difference was found for colonization by Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Enterobacter cloacae. Washing of the wounds of 65 patients with chlorhexidine gluconate 4% during daily dressing changes was associated with reduced wound colonization by S. aureus (35% versus 51%, p = 0.03) and P. aeruginosa (8% versus 16%, p = 0.08) when compared to the 188 washed with nonantibacterial soap. Chlorhexidine, whether added to the topical agent silver sulfadiazine (chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2%) or in the bath soap (chlorhexidine gluconate 4%), decreased colonization by S. aureus.

Administration, Topical↗