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Biomedical subjects

B Fernhall

Publications and source records attributed to B Fernhall.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Cardiorespiratory capacity of individuals with mental retardation including Down syndrome.

This study evaluated the cardiorespiratory capacity of persons with MR with and without Down syndrome. Analyses of individual data records of maximal exercise tests with metabolic analyses were conducted on tests of 111 subjects (31 men and 16 women with DS; 35 men and 29 women without DS) from six participating centers. All centers used a walking treadmill protocol previously shown to produce valid and reliable maximal tests with this population. Peak oxygen uptake and peak minute ventilation were higher in men than in women (P < 0.006), and in subjects without DS (P < 0.006). Peak heart rate was also higher in subjects without DS (P < 0.006). Peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was higher in subjects without DS (P < 0.006). Using peak RER as a covariate did not change the results. An analysis of peak minute ventilation, heart rate and VO2 of subjects with a peak RER above 1.1 revealed the same results. These data show that individuals with mental retardation have low levels of peak VO2, consistent with low levels of cardiovascular fitness. Individuals with Down syndrome have even lower levels of peak VO2 than their peers without Down syndrome, a finding that is possibly mitigated by the lower peak heart rates of the individuals with Down syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Physical fitness and adults with mental retardation. An overview of current research and future directions.

The deinstitutionalization movement of the past 25 years has focused on the placement of people with mental retardation into community-based settings. There is a need for exercise- and health-related professionals to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the term mental retardation and all of the intellectual and behavioural ramifications that coexist with this condition before addressing the 'how to' of fitness evaluation. Therefore, the article outlines the range of intellectual and behavioural characteristics of this population, based on the level of retardation. Many researchers investigating body composition have reported that a disproportionate number of adults with mental retardation carry a percentage of body fat that would be considered unhealthy (e.g. it increases the risk of early onset of such diseases as hypertension and adult onset diabetes mellitus). Living arrangements (i.e. institution vs smaller residences) play a role in the prevalence of obesity. Many attempts of researchers to control weight in adults with mental retardation through caloric restriction, exercise, and a combination of diet and exercise, have had a varied outcome. Cardiovascular capacity is considered by most exercise physiologists as the major physiological indicator for overall fitness. The majority of researchers who have evaluated the cardiovascular fitness levels of adults with mental retardation have reported fitness levels representative of a very sedentary population. Therefore, one would expect a keen sense of urgency among researchers to develop training regimens targeted specifically for people with mental retardation. Many have been developed, but to date only 2 cardiovascular training regimens have been reported that specifically describe the necessary components of an exercise programme (i.e. frequency, duration, intensity) that would allow for reproducibility--a stationary bicycle routine using the Schwinn 'Air-Dyne' ergometer and a run/walk programme. Of these, only the programme using the Schwinn 'Air-Dyne' ergometer reported significant improvements in cardiopulmonary fitness. Researchers have demonstrated that: (1) body strength is valuable for recreation activities and activities of daily living; (2) competence in upper body muscular skills is a prerequisite for many available vocational opportunities; and (3) positive correlations have been established between muscular strength and industrial work performance in people with mental retardation. Therefore, there is a need for appropriate evaluation procedures for determining the muscular strength and endurance of people with mental retardation. The future directions for researchers and professionals concerned with the fitness status of people with mental retardation includes answering question such as: What will be the effect of obesity on general health status?(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of aerobic training in adolescents with Down syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects that aerobic training has on adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome. Fourteen individuals with Down syndrome (mean age = 17.7 yr) participated in a 10-wk walking/jogging exercise training study. A pre- and post-training walking treadmill test was performed to determine the following parameters: peak oxygen uptake (VO2, absolute and relative), minute ventilation (VE, l.min-1), heart rate HR, b.min-1), RER (VCO2/VO2), and time and grade to exhaustion. Following the pre-training evaluations, subjects were assigned to a control group (N = 4) or an exercise group (N = 10). The exercise group underwent a 10-wk walk/jog training program at a frequency of 3 times per week, for a duration of 30 min, and at an intensity of approximately 65-75% peak HR. Following training, both control and experimental groups showed no changes in peak VO2 (absolute and relative), VE, HR, and RER. The exercise group, however, did demonstrate a significant improvement in peak exercise time (and grade). Although the training program did not produce improvements in aerobic capacity, it did produce gains in walking capacity. It was concluded that the adolescents and young adults may not be able to improve their aerobic capacity when performing a walk/jog training program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Physical fitness and exercise training of individuals with mental retardation.

Recent social policies have focused on reentering persons with mental retardation (MR) into the work force and the mainstream of society. However, as individuals with MR age, their rate of institutionalization greatly outweighs that of the general population as well as children with MR. Health care organizations have expressed serious concern about the impact of an aging population with disabilities, particularly the cost associated with institutionalization. Considering that cardiovascular disorders are more common in population with than without MR, and that physical fitness has been directly related to work productivity among individuals with MR, physical fitness and exercise training have important implications for this population. Yet, available data suggest that individuals with MR have low levels of physical fitness, a higher incidence of obesity, and may respond differently to exercise training than persons without MR. This paper reviews current knowledge of physical fitness status, impact of exercise testing and training, and identifies differences between populations with and without MR, with special emphasis on trends associated with aging. This review is limited to three physical fitness components: obesity, cardiovascular fitness, and muscular strength and endurance, as these components have been shown to impact health and well-being, and are related to work performance of persons with MR. Suggestions for future research are also provided.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Prescribing water-based exercise from treadmill and arm ergometry in cardiac patients.

This study investigated the appropriateness of prescribing upright water-based exercise from treadmill and arm ergometry in uncomplicated, trained patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who were accustomed to water-based activities. Ten male patients with established CVD (mean age 59.4 +/- 8.7 yr) underwent maximal treadmill and arm ergometry in randomized counterbalanced order (half of the patients completed the treadmill test first and the other half completed the arm ergometer test first). Electrocardiographic (ECG), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and oxygen uptake (VO2) measurements were made during both tests. Patients performed upright water-based exercise at 60, 70, and 80% of their maximal treadmill heart rate for 6 min at each intensity in a heated pool with a water temperature of 28-30 degrees C. They also performed an easy tethered swim, defined as performing at a comfortable exercise intensity, eliciting a heart rate of 86% of the treadmill maximum. VO2 and RPE were collected for all water-based exercise. To compare the RPE and VO2 between water-based, treadmill, and arm ergometry exercise, individual regression equations were constructed between heart rate, VO2, and RPE for both treadmill and arm ergometry tests. VO2 and RPE were then compared at the same heart rates between the three exercise modes. At 60% intensity, treadmill exercise exhibited a higher VO2 than water-based and arm ergometry exercise (P less than 0.05) but similar RPE. At 70%, treadmill exercise still yielded higher VO2, but also lower RPE than (P less than 0.05) and arm ergometry exercise (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The blood pressure response to exercise in anabolic steroid users.

We measured blood pressure at rest and during exercise in nine weight lifters using anabolic steroids, 10 weight lifters not using these drugs, and 10 sedentary controls. BP was measured using standard sphygmomanometry and an appropriately sized cuff. Maximal treadmill tests and leg press exercise were conducted in random order on separate days. Systolic blood pressure in the anabolic steroid users was higher at rest and during both forms of exercise. Diastolic blood pressure during exercise was also higher in the anabolic steroid users than in the other two groups. The maximal systolic and diastolic blood pressure change from rest to exercise was not different among the groups, suggesting that the higher exercise pressure in the drug users was primarily due to higher resting values. Body weight and biceps circumference were greatest in the anabolic steroid users. Adjusting rest and exercise blood pressure for body weight or biceps size eliminated statistically significant differences between groups, but had little impact on the absolute group differences. We conclude that the higher rest and exercise blood pressure values noted in anabolic steroid users may be related to their larger body mass or may be an artifact of the larger arm circumference in these subjects. Other factors may also be operative, however, because blood pressure remained nonsignificantly higher even after body weight and biceps size were adjusted for statistically.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Exercise capacity of untrained spinal cord injured individuals and the relationship of peak oxygen uptake to level of injury.

Twenty spinal cord injured individuals were tested for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 peak using a hysteresis brake wheelchair ergometer. The subjects were divided into 4 groups as follows: (a) quadriplegics (4 subjects); (b) untrained female paraplegics (5 subjects); (c) untrained male paraplegics (7 subjects); and (d) trained male paraplegics (4 subjects). The VO2 peak were analysed by a one way ANOVA and Fisher's LSD multiple comparisons. The F-ratio (50.93) was significant (p = less than 0.0001). Fisher's LSD post hoc multiple comparisons found the following differences: (a) quadriplegics were significantly lower than the untrained paraplegic females, untrained paraplegic males and trained paraplegic males; (b) untrained females were significantly lower than the untrained male paraplegics, and trained paraplegic males; (c) untrained paraplegic males were significantly lower than the trained male paraplegics. A Spearman Rho correlation was calculated using injury level and VO2 max for all the untrained SCI individuals. The correlation was 0.68 and had a significance level of 0.0019. The present study combined with the known research literature gives strong evidence that VO2 peak in the untrained SCI is highly related to level of injury.

Exercise Test↗
PubMed1990

Maximal exercise testing of mentally retarded adolescents and adults: reliability study.

Few data are available regarding maximal exercise testing of mentally retarded individuals. No data are available on the reliability of maximal exercise testing of mentally retarded individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of graded exercise testing of mentally retarded adolescents and adults. The testing was conducted at two geographically different centers. At Center A, 14 mentally retarded adolescents (11 boys, three girls) with Down syndrome, who were educable or trainable, were recruited from a nonresidential school. The subjects completed two Balke-Ware treadmill protocols until exhaustion. The treadmill time and heart rate (HR) were recorded. The time between tests was approximately one week. At Center B, 21 mentally retarded adults (14 women, seven men means IQ = 56) were recruited from local workshops and group homes. These subjects completed a treadmill walking protocol, with metabolic measurements, until exhaustion. The time between tests varied from one to four months. At Center A, the subjects achieved a mean treadmill time of 8.72min on test one and 8.84min on test two (means HR = 174 and 175bpm, respectively). The reliability coefficient between the two tests was .94. At Center B, the subjects achieved a mean V0(2)max of 27.2mL.kg-1.min-1 on test one and 26.9mL.kg-1.min-1 on test two. The reliability coefficient was .93. These data show that maximal exercise testing is reliable for these populations of mentally retarded individuals, exhibiting similar values to their nonretarded peers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The effect of training specificity on maximal and submaximal physiological responses to treadmill and cycle ergometry.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of training specificity during maximal and submaximal treadmill (TM) and bicycle ergometer (BE) exercise. A group of trained runners (RG, no. 7) and trained bikers (BG, no. 7) underwent graded exercise testing on both TM and BE, utilizing the same testing protocol within each exercise mode for both groups. Data for VO2 HR and BP were collected during each 3 min stage. Group by trial ANOVAs followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis, showed no group difference in VO2max, HRmax or BPmax during TM exercise. However, during each of the first four submaximal 3 min stages, VO2 and HR were significantly less (p less than .05) in RG vs BC, with no significant difference in BP. During BE exercise, VO2max was significantly less for both groups compared with TM (RG-59.6 vs 50.1 ml.kg-1.min-1 BS-59.4 vs 55.1 ml.kg-1.min-1) (p less than .05), with BG exhibiting the greater BEmax (p less than .05). RG also had a reduced HRmax during BE exercise (p less than .05). Both groups showed greater BPmax during BE vs TM exercise (p less than .05). Although submaximal VO2 was slightly less during BE for each stage in RG than BG, these differences were not significant as measured either by ml.kg-1.min-1 or l.min-1. Both submaximal HR and BP mirrored the VO2 response, with no significant differences between RG and BG. These data agree with previous studies, showing a greater effect of training specificity during maximal BE than during maximal TM exercise. However, during submaximal exercise, training specificity appear to have a greater effect during TM than BE exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Influence of exercise and cholesterol feeding on lipids and lipoproteins in rats.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the separate influence of exercise and dietary intervention and their interaction on body weight, heart weight, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in rats. Thirty-two male rats were randomly placed into 4 groups: normal diet-inactive (NI), normal diet-exercise (NE), cholesterol diet-inactive (CI), and cholesterol diet-exercise (CE). The exercise protocol consisted of swimming to exhaustion with a 5% gram tail weight, 5 days x wk-1 for seven weeks. Both diet and exercise had a significant effect on heart weight/body weight ratios, primarily due to changes in body weight. Neither exercise nor diet intervention produced a significant change in heart weight. The high cholesterol diet produced greater total cholesterol levels (p less than 0.05), but significantly lower HDL-C levels (p less than 0.05) than the normal diet. Exercise exhibited no independent effect on cholesterol or HDL-C concentrations, although there was a trend in a favorable direction. The data suggest that exercise cannot offset the effects of a high cholesterol diet, and that dietary treatment may play a greater role than exercise on altering serum cholesterol and HDL-C. These data imply that aggressive diet therapy should accompany exercise in the treatment of high serum cholesterol.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Exercise during gravity inversion: acute and chronic effects.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether gravity inversion could correctly be called an exercise, and whether inversion and inverted exercise produced safe blood pressure responses. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured in 19 healthy young men (means = 20.31 years) in seven positions: (1) standing passive (STD), (2) inverted passive (INV), (3) standing recovery postpassive inversion (SRPI), (4) standing exercise (SDE), (5) standing recovery poststanding exercise (SRPSE), (6) inverted exercise (INVE), and (7) inverted recovery postinverted exercise (IRPIE). Ten of the subjects participated in a five-week inversion training program, after which all 19 subjects were retested. Compared to STD, INV elicited significant increases in SBP/DBP and a significant decrease in HR. The average INV blood pressure was 146/97 mmHg, which was further increased during INVE to 158/101 mmHg. These responses increase the workload of the heart and may be dangerous to some populations. No physiologic adaptations occurred in any of the inverted positions as a result of inversion training. Gravity inversion should not be compared to or classified as an exercise. Some previously suggested inverted exercises are not recommended. Because of the nature of the responses, medical screening before the use of inversion devices is critical.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Graded exercise testing of mentally retarded adults: a study of feasibility.

There is a striking absence of data on the cardiovascular fitness of mentally retarded adults and what limited data are reported reflect field or submaximal laboratory tests. This study sought to develop a protocol that would allow maximal aerobic testing (VO2max) of mentally retarded adults in the laboratory. Of 21 subjects recruited, 17 (eight men and nine women) were successfully tested. Their mean IQ (+/- SD) was 52.68 +/- 16.3; their weight was 149.76 +/- 35.3 lbs, height 64.4 +/- 4.2 in, and age 29.29 +/- 6.6 yr. The testing occurred in three phases: (1) familiarization with the laboratory environs; (2) training to walk on the treadmill and breathe through the respiratory collection system; and (3) data collection via graded exercise testing. The treadmill protocol consisted of walking at 3 mph at 0% grade for two minutes, followed by 3 mph at a 2.5% grade for two minutes. The speed was then held constant at 3 mph and the grade increased 2.5% every minute until exhaustion. Metabolic data were collected every minute using a Beckman MCC cart connected to the subjects through a Hans-Rudolph valve. Heart rates (HR) were collected with a Quinton electrocardiograph. The mean maximal cardiorespiratory data were as follows (+/- SD):VO2max = 26.3 +/- 8.0 ml X kg-1 X min-1; HRmax = 171 +/- 14 beats/min; VEmax = 62.8 +/- 21.8 L/min; and respiratory quotient (R) = 1.09 +/- .07. The R values obtained were within an acceptable range for valid maximal data. In addition, 15 subjects produced supramaximal work and showed a decline in VO2 during the last minute of exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The effect of training on exercise-induced R-wave amplitude changes in young females.

The effects of an exercise training program on R-wave amplitude (Ramp) changes during graded exercise were investigated in 14 adolescent females. The experimental group (EG) (N = 6) underwent a 20-wk aerobic exercise program. Eight subjects served as controls (CG). Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and Ramp were determined during incremental exercise to exhaustion, pre- and post-program. The Ramp was calculated by using the average of 10 electrocardiographic complexes to provide a stable criterion. Pre-training, EG and CG were not significantly different for VO2max and HRmax; Ramp decreased significantly between rest and 5 min prior to exhaustion for both groups (P less than 0.05). Ramp changes were significant between the first min of exercise and 2 min prior to exhaustion for EG (P less than 0.05) and between the first min of exercise and 1 min prior to exhaustion for CG (P less than 0.05). These changes occurred at 87% of VO2max and 95% of HRmax for EG and at 93% of VO2max and 97% of HRmax for CG. CG showed no change in these variables post-program except for Ramp exhibiting a significant change between rest and the first min of exercise (P less than 0.05). EG showed a significant increase in VO2max (P less than 0.05), and Ramp changes during exercise were delayed. The first significant change occurred between rest and 3 min prior to exhaustion (P less than 0.05), and the second change occurred between the first min of exercise and exhaustion (P less than 0.05). Thus the latter Ramp change was delayed to 100% of VO2max and HRmax post-training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of aerobic exercise on low back pain patients in treatment.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Aerobic exercise (AE) has been prescribed to improve fitness and well-being in apparently healthy individuals and cardiac, orthopedic, and other patient populations. AE has not previously been studied as a sole treatment for low back pain patients (LBPP). PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effects of low to moderate aerobic exercise as an adjunct treatment for LBPP, 30 to 60 years of age, in a neurosurgical practice during a 2.5-year follow-up to an initial 10-week exercise program. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short- and long-term AE on LBPP. The initial 10-week phase compared AE and nonexercising controls on mood states and pain/symptoms. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A matched stratified design was used to input LBPP with similar previous clinical treatments as well as age and sex into AE or control groups. PATIENT SAMPLE: After screening 68 LBPP from a New England private neurosurgical practice, 40 patients met qualification criteria, and 35 volunteered for this AE research study. The LBPP in this study were 30 to 60 years old and had the following medical diagnoses: herniated nucleus pulposus at one or more lumbar levels, degenerative discopathy, lumbosacral strain, and spinal canal and/or foraminal stenosis. OUTCOME MEASURES: The measure of mood states was the Profile of Mood States, and the measure of pain was the Brief Pain Inventory. The 2.5-year follow-up phase compared AE and nonexercise patients on the following treatment variables: medical office visits for pain/symptoms, physical therapy referrals, epidural steroid injections for pain/symptoms, prescription of pain medications, and work status. METHODS: Thirty-five LBPP were matched stratified into an AE or nonexercise control group for a 10-week exercise program. After the 10-week exercise program, all subjects were given the opportunity to cross over to the opposite group. Those patients choosing to exercise were advised to follow a low to moderate aerobic exercise prescription (walking or cycling, 60% age-predicted maximal heart rate, 4 days per week for 45 minutes per day). None of the original AE group crossed over to the nonexercise group because of symptoms relating to their previous exercise participation. All participants were contacted at 6-month intervals, and the number of medical office visits for pain/symptoms, physical therapy referrals, number of epidural steroid injections, and number of prescriptions for pain was charted for 2.5 years. Work status was evaluated by comparing the change in number of patients not working, working part time, working full time, or number changing from full time to part time or not working from randomization to the end of follow-up. Patients following the exercise prescription at least 50% of the time were compared with those exercising less than 50% of the time during the 2.5-year follow-up. Significance was determined at the.05 level using Fisher's exact test or the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The initial 10-week AE phase of the study indicated that low to moderate AE significantly improved mood profile (AE X=-9.58; control X=19.11; p<.01) but did not alter pain levels. AE patients in the 2.5-year follow-up phase received significantly fewer pain medication prescriptions (AE X=2.76; control X=13.35; p<.02) and were given fewer physical therapy referrals (AE X=0.17; control X=1.64; p<.002). There was no significant difference in the number of medical office visits for pain or epidural blocks administered to either group. Work status was improved only in exercising patients (AE X=+0.24; control X=-0.35; p<.04). CONCLUSIONS: Low to moderate aerobic exercise appears to improve mood states and work status and reduce the need for physical therapy referrals and pain medication prescriptions for LBPP in the care of a neurosurgeon.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in quality of life among male and female cardiac rehabilitation participants.

PURPOSE: This study examined possible sex differences in quality of life measured by the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) among cardiac rehabilitation participants. METHODS: Forty-five men (62.6 +/- 10.4 years) and 58 women (65.7 +/- 11.1 years) matched on time in a program, completed the Sickness Impact Profile. Exercise testing data and medical history were collected from medical records. RESULTS: Women reported significantly greater dysfunction on the total (7.01 vs 4.32), psychosocial (5.86 vs 2.48), home management (12.37 vs 16.69), and emotional behavior (7.32 vs 1.22) categories (P < .05). Women also had significantly greater (P < .05) incidence of widowhood, migraine/chronic headache, and arthritis than men. Men had significantly higher (P < .05) functional capacity (8.4 vs 6.9 metabolic equivalents [METS]). Covarying Sickness Impact Profile scores for functional capacity eliminated significant differences except in the emotional and psychosocial categories. Subjects with high grade chest pain, chronic low back pain, and migraine/chronic headache reported greater dysfunctional Sickness Impact Profile scores (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Women participating in cardiac rehabilitation reported poorer quality of life than men, particularly in the areas of psychosocial functioning and emotional behavior that were not dependent on functional capacity. Women's poorer quality of life may be related to a higher incidence of related diseases and their greater frequency of widowhood. The poorer quality of life of the women in categories of total SIP score and home management were related to their lower functional capacity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimating oxygen consumption during treadmill and arm ergometry activity in males with coronary artery disease.

PURPOSE: This study compared the accuracy of common clinical treadmill and arm ergometry equations in estimating the rate of oxygen consumption for males with coronary artery disease. METHODS: Measured and estimated submaximal and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2sub and VO2max) were compared during clinical treadmill (TM) and arm ergometry (AE) graded exercise tests in 15 males with established coronary artery disease (CAD). Estimated VO2sub and VO2max were derived from popular modality specific estimation equations, including those of the American College of Sports Medicine, Bruce and colleagues, Balady and colleagues, and Manfre and colleagues. RESULTS: The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) 1991 TM equation overestimated VO2sub from 0.3 +/- 0.6 to 1 +/- 0.7 metabolic equivalents (METS) and VO2max by 3 +/- 3 METS, whereas the Bruce Normal Submax and Bruce Cardiac Submax equations inaccurately estimated VO2sub from -1 +/- 0.6 to 0.9 +/- 0.7 METS. The Bruce Active Max and Bruce Sedentary Max equations overestimated VO2max from 1 +/- 2 to 2 +/- 2 METS, whereas the Bruce Cardiac Max equation accurately estimated oxygen consumption at maximal exercise. The ACSM and Manfre Healthy AE equations underestimated VO2sub at low and intermediate workloads from 0.4 +/- 0.4 to 0.8 +/- 0.4 METS. However, the Balady Male and Manfre Cardiac AE equations underestimated VO2 at each submaximal work load from 0.6 +/- 0.3 to 1 +/- 0.6 METS and at maximal work loads from 0.8 +/- 0.9 to 2 +/- 0.8 METS. The ACSM and Manfre Healthy AE equations accurately estimated VO2 at greater submaximal work loads and at maximal exercise. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the ability to estimate VO2 in males with CAD is more accurately performed during nonweight-bearing arm activity, although the reason is not entirely understood, and significant inconsistencies exist in the ability to accurately estimate VO2 during treadmill exercise. These data further suggest concern regarding exercise prescription from estimated values derived from both treadmill and arm ergometry tests, because submaximal, and in some instances maximal, estimations were inaccurate. Future research should focus on the development of accurate estimations for those with CAD, primarily during submaximal work.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of steady-state and exercise modality on estimating oxygen consumption in men with and without coronary artery disease.

PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of steady-state on the ability of 15 men with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 13 men without CAD disease (non-CAD) to reach a rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) relative to population norms during treadmill and cycle ergometry exercise testing. METHODS: Subjects completed a maximal graded exercise test on the treadmill and cycle ergometry involving 3-minute stages and a submaximal exercise test involving 6-minute stages to 80% of maximal effort. Estimates of VO2 were derived from commonly cited clinical estimation equations. RESULTS: Only the Foster equation accurately estimated maximal VO2 during a treadmill graded exercise test in patients with CAD. However, each of cited clinical equations accurately estimated maximal VO2 during a treadmill graded exercise test in the non-CAD group. No equation accurately estimated VO2 at submaximal efforts during treadmill exercise for either group. Cycle ergometry estimation equations accurately estimated VO2 in both groups at maximal effort, but were inconsistent at submaximal efforts. Both the CAD and the non-CAD group reached steady-state VO2 within 3 minutes, at submaximal workloads. CONCLUSIONS: The inability to attain an expected VO2 during exercise did not seem related to steady-state VO2 because both CAD and non-CAD groups readily reached steady-state VO2, though the estimation of VO2 remained inaccurate for most treadmill estimation equations. Because VO2 was accurately estimated for cycle ergometry exercise, estimation accuracy seems to be influenced by exercise modality.

Aged↗