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Biomedical subjects

B Faye

Publications and source records attributed to B Faye.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Impact of udder disorders on culling of dairy cows.

Data from a prospective longitudinal study carried out from 1986 to 1990 in 47 commercial Holstein dairy herds from western France were used to quantify the effects of udder health disorders on the risk of culling. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between 4 udder health disorders and early and late culling. Teat injuries were associated with an increased risk of early culling in the current and following lactations. Mastitis and high milk cell count were associated with an increased risk of late culling in the current and following lactations, respectively.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1994

[Trajectory types of health status during the life of the dairy cow].

This paper presents a first approach of the health over the whole life-cycle of dairy cows, a scale which is intended to define a trajectory. Trajectories are defined as the chain of health profiles on the lactation scale, which are characterized by major disorders: foul of the foot; lameness; arthritis; calving disorders; mastitis; digestive and metabolic disorders; and no disorders. A few examples of trajectories are discussed for life-cycles lasting 4 lactations.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Livestock diseases in periurban dairy systems of sub-Saharan Africa: ILCA's approach].

Dairy production to supply African urban centers is one of the dynamic livestock sectors in sub-Saharan Africa (periurban dairy farms). There is a modification in the relative impact of economically important diseases: these farms have an increased capacity to control the major traditional African diseases through genetic or health interventions, hence favouring the emergence of diseases of intensification, which affect dairy production. In this framework, the International Livestock Centre for Africa is starting a research programme which aims, by an ecopathological approach, to judge the true existence of this pathology as opposed to the major African diseases, and to compare its economic importance in various agroecological zones.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed1994

[Improvement of the productivity of goats in the periurban zone of N'Djamena (Chad). Choice of measures following an ecopathological inquiry].

A goat herd follow-up and an ecopathological survey on respiratory diseases were undertaken in Chad. Late puberty and high mortality were highlighted by the follow-up. Diseases were frequent and depended on the season. Few risk factors of respiratory diseases were shown by the ecopathological survey. Mortality was connected with 3 parasitic and infectious factors. Decreasing the age at puberty and the mortality rate are priorities. Measures to achieve these aims are well known. They must be set up within a development program, in interaction with research, for a good use by the goat farmer.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Analysis and prevention of reproductive cycle disorders in goats in a semi-arid region in northeast Brazil].

An ecopathology survey was conducted in order to define the risk factors for abortion in traditionally raised goats in north-eastern Brazil. The survey showed a sequence of disorders in the reproductive cycle. A detailed analysis of this cycle produced useful elements to define prevention measures. The objective is to create, through changes in the reproductive cycle, a better balance between demand in the kidding period and the seasonal forage supply. Kidding management measures may also reduce kid mortality rates.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of cholestatic bile acids on cytosolic calcium in isolated intrahepatic biliary cells].

In this study we measured biliary cytosolic calcium and examined the effect of cholestatic bile acids LCS and TLCS on intrahepatic isolated biliary cells cytosolic calcium. Cells have been isolated from bile duct ligated rats. Cytosolic calcium has been measured by using the Ca++ sensitive indicator Fura 2 and a cytofluorimetric method. LCS and TLCS (200 microM and 300 microM) increased the cytosolic Ca++ concentration of the cells. In contrast, the bile acids cholate and urso-desoxycholate which are choleretic had no effect. The number of cells which have increased their cytosolic calcium was directly correlated with the biliary acid toxicity. The increase induced by LCS and TLCS was abolished by removing external calcium. It is suggested that the calcium increase results from external calcium influx. This cytosolic calcium increase is known to be toxic for cells so it is concluded that this calcium increase is probably involved in the toxicity of LCS and TLCS.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Senegalese pharmacopoeia: study of acute toxicity and antitussive activity of Calotropis procera AIT (Asclepiadaceae)].

We confirmed the innocuity of different extracts (leaves and stem bark) of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae), a plant widely used in Asian and West African traditional therapy in dermatological and bronchal affections. We proved the against cough activity of the aqueous stem bark extract after administration, per os, upon bronchal irritation by ammoniac on Guinea Pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of a nutrition factor on neonatal pathology: results of a retrospective survey on the mangrove supply to dromedary calves in the Republic of Djibouti].

The authors present a retrospective survey carried out in 23 camps of nomadic afars from Obock area (Djibouti) and concerning the traditional utilization of different types of forage from lagoon (mangrove) in relation with some of the diseases observed, particularly on calves. Four types of mangrove running are described: supply of mangrove twigs to calves less than one year old in camps and mangrove grazing for the adults; permanent feeding of mangrove associated with complementation; occasional supply of mangrove by cutting the twigs; permanent distribution of mangrove without complementation. The risk to observe diseases, namely loss of appetite, lameness, skin diseases and paralysis is 4.28 time higher when diet complementation is missing.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

[Ecopathological survey on pneumopathies in goats during the dry cold season in Chad: methodological aspects].

The authors describe the methodology used in an ecopathological survey of goat pneumopathies in periurban area of N'Djamena (Chad) during the dry, cold season of 1991-1992. The choice of farms was made after a typology survey. A total of 3,500 small ruminants (85% of goats) belonging to 60 farms were identified and the performance and health of the animals examined from August 1991. The protocol used for collecting information and the strategy applied to the analysis of data were based on conceptual pre-models of analysis corresponding to the 3 observations scales used, i.e. goat, concession flock, day flock. The survey took place from December 1991 to March 1992. The difficulties of the statistical interpretation of the data, are emphasized. The biological significance of the risk factors is discussed. Measures for obtaining improvements should take into account the cost/profit ratio and the technical and financial possibilities of the farmers.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The influence of high dietary protein, energy and mineral intake on deficient young camel (Camelus dromedarius)--I. Changes in metabolic profiles and growth performance.

1. The main forage for camels in northern Djibouti (mangrove with Avicennia marina) is very poor in nitrogen and energy. In a trial, 32 young camels (less than 2 years old) were used in four groups of eight each. 2. All the camels received mangrove as basal diet ad lib. 3. After 1 month, the camels received mineral supplementation in copper and zinc (groups 1 and 3) or/and a concentrate rich in protein and energy (groups 2 and 3) or continued with the basal diet (controls). 4. Any supplementation was stopped after 2 months for 1 month. 5. Growth performance was 550 g/day (concentrate-supplemented camels) and 570 g/day (concentrate+mineral-supplemented camels). 6. The growth was negative for the two others groups (-260 g/day). 7. Food intake of mangrove was slightly more important with mineral supplementation only and with mineral+concentrate supplementation. 8. The changes in metabolic profiles have shown an important catabolism in non-supplemented animals, an increase of urea and free fatty acid concentrations in plasma and a decrease of glucose concentrations. 9. Three camels died in the control group with symptoms of starvation and signs of liver damage (increase of liver enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transferase).

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

The influence of high dietary protein, energy and mineral intake on deficient young camel (Camelus dromedarius)--II. Changes in mineral status.

1. Mangrove Avicennia marina is poor in some trace elements such as copper, zinc and manganese. In a trial we used 32 young camels divided into four groups. 2. Groups 1 and 3 were supplemented with copper and zinc in drinking water after 1 month of mangrove feeding. 3. Groups 2 and 3 received concentrate rich in protein and energy. The supplementation was stopped after 2 months. 4. All the camels were deficient in trace elements at the beginning of mineral supplementation. 5. The plasma concentration of copper increased significantly up to normal levels (less than 70 micrograms/100 ml) in energy protein supplemented groups, but the quantity supplied (100 mg of copper sulphate/day) was not sufficient to maintain this level after the end of supplementation. 6. The original zinc deficiency was too severe to observe a significant effect of the mineral supplementation. 7. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus levels were improved during the supplementation period in protein-energy supplemented groups. 8. A high interaction between mineral absorption and quality of the diet was observed. A well-balanced diet seems essential to avoid deficient mineral status.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Biological diagnosis of hepatitis e. Completion of a test for detection of infected patients].

The aim of this study is to set up a biological method for diagnosing hepatitis E using an immunoenzymatic technique. This technic attaches specific IgM of a monkey experimentally infected with the Hepatitis E virus to a solid phase. These antibodies capture the HEV antigen (AgHEV) present in the stools of patients with hepatitis E. Antigen was then revealed using purified and labelled IgG from the same monkey. Using this method, we were able to: prove the existence of sporadic cases of hepatitis E in Dakar, biologically confirm the diagnosis of hepatitis E in 53.33% of patients suffering from hepatitis during an epidemic in Constantine and in 26.3% of patients in Bangkok who contracted oral-fecal transmitted hepatitis. Confirmation by inhibition and control reactions demonstrated the specificity of this test and its usefulness as a tool for the biological diagnosis of hepatitis E.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1991

Copper deficiency in ruminants in the Rift Valley of East Africa.

Enzootic ataxia of newborn domestic ruminants and particularly of small ruminants is a widespread disease often observed in East Africa. It is characterised by very low blood copper levels and sometimes by histological lesions characteristic of a severe copper deficiency. This disease observed and described by various authors in Kenya, Ethiopia and Djibouti seems to be closely associated with the pedogeological area of the Rift Valley. Climatic conditions and geo-morphological characteristics of this area, particularly the molybdenum and sulphur excess in this volcanic region, seem to account for the marked clinical signs of this mineral deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Note on a method of hepatic biopsy in young camels].

A method of liver biopsy in camels, less than two years old, is described as well as post-operation cares and risks. Using this method, it is possible to sample 100 to 500 mg of fresh tissue in 75% of cases. This percentage may be improved with well trained surgeons.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Ingestion of soybean epoxide oil. Effects on monooxygenases, epoxide hydrolase and activities of UDP glucuronosyltransferases in hepatic microsomes of the rat].

The effect of peroxidized soybean oil in the diet of male Wistar rats was studied on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and their phenobarbital induction and compared to that of natural soybean diet in the same conditions. No hepatomegaly or increase in serum transaminases occurred, however growth was inhibited after ingestion of peroxidized soybean oil. In addition, the protein biosynthesis of epoxide hydrase determined by immunochemistry was largely stimulated by this treatment; but the corresponding activity measured with benzo(a)pyrene 4-5 oxide as a substrate was increased in weaker proportions. This induction was limited to epoxide hydrolase only, since the enzymes of phase one were not affected and UDP glucuronosyltransferase activities toward group I substrates were randomly activated. The induction of epoxide hydrolase may affect only one or several isoforms of the membrane enzyme which are not necessarily specific to benzo(a)pyrene 4-5 oxide activity determination of the enzyme.

Animals↗