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Biomedical subjects

B Fauvage

Publications and source records attributed to B Fauvage.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Combined effects of hypocapnia and nicardipine on airway resistance: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the modification of the resistive inspiratory properties of the respiratory system associated with hypocapnia in the presence of nicardipine. METHODS: The resistance of the respiratory system, Rrsmin, was studied in two groups of patients who needed mechanical hyperventilation. Group 1 (n = 14; 47 years) was the control group (head injuries); group 2 (n = 12; 53.5 years) included patients treated over a 3 week period with nicardipine (0.5 microgram.kg-1.min-1 i.v.) to prevent arterial vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the groups concerning anthropometric and basal respiratory characteristics. In group 1, hypocapnia caused a 20.9% increase in Rrsmin, but no significant increase was observed in group 2. CONCLUSION: Hypocapnic alkalosis had a significant bronchial constrictory effect, which was eliminated in the presence of nicardipine hydrochloride.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1996

Severe head injuries: an outcome prediction and survival analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors determined early after admission and associated with unfavorable outcome or early (within 48 h) death after severe head injury. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A neurosurgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS: 198 consecutive comatose patients hospitalized from 1989 to 1992. RESULTS: Logistic regression showed that a combination of age, best motor response score from the Glasgow Coma Scale, and hypoxia provided a good prediction model of unfavorable outcome (sensitivity = 0.93). The length of participation of survivors was 6 to 61 months (median 27.1). The Cox model demonstrated age, motor score less than 3, mydriasis, and hypoxia as poor prognosis factors. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians can determine the odds of a good outcome from the combination of three easily measurable factors using a simple diagram constructed from logistic regression. Survival analysis showed that motor score adjusted values greater than 3 had the same prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Systemic vasomotor interaction between nicardipine and hypocapnic alkalosis in man.

The effects of hypocapnic alkalosis on the vasodilating action of nicardipine were studied in 6 patients after cerebral arterial aneurysm surgery. Each patient served as his/her own control during the 6 steps of the study. T0: baseline; T1: hypocapnic alkalosis alone (PaCO2: 3.5 kPa); T2: hypocapnic alkalosis and bolus injection of nicardipine (30 micrograms.kg-1 i.v.); T3: hypocapnic alkalosis and continuous 60 min infusion of nicardipine (0.5 microgram.kg-1.min-1), T4: determination of the infusion rate required to neutralize the effect of hypocapnic alkalosis; T5: same continuous dose of nicardipine as in T4 but reversal of hypocapnic alkalosis. Hypocapnic alkalosis alone caused a significant increase in the systemic vascular resistance index by 20% (T1). The bolus injection of nicardipine reversed this first effect (T2). The continuous infusion of nicardipine in T3 was insufficient to cancel the haemodynamic effect of hypocapnic alkalosis. During T4 the plasma levels required to neutralize completely the effect of hypocapnic alkalosis were twice those at T3. Normalization of the PaCO2 in step T5 induced a significant fall in the systemic vascular resistance index by 27.5% as compared with T0. In this study hypocapnic alkalosis modified the relationship between plasma levels of nicardipine and its expected vasoactive effects. This interaction was reversible.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Four cases of tracheoesophageal fistulas in adults in intensive care units].

Four cases of tracheo-oesophageal fistulae following mechanical ventilation are reported. The determining factors, revealing signs, and palliative and curative treatment are discussed based on a review of the literature. In this series, the tracheotomy cannula provided good protection of the upper airways in three cases of upper fistulae. In the other case, the fistula was too close to the carena, requiring the use of high frequency jet ventilation. The management of low, large fistulae is more problematic concerning the choice of technique and timing of the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Peripheral venous catheterization: influence of catheter composition on the occurrence of thrombophlebitis].

Infusion thrombophlebitis is a common troublesome complication of intravenous therapy. This study compared peripheral intravenous Teflon and Vialon catheters. The incidence of phlebitis, bacterial adherence and mechanical resistance (distortion) were assessed on 170 catheters, 85 of each type. The Vialon catheter resulted in less phlebitis than the Teflon one (18 vs. 35; p less than 0.01). During the period 49 to 72 h after the insertion of the catheter, the risk of phlebitis in the Teflon group was twice that in the Vialon group. The study of bacterial adherence using a semi-quantitative culture method demonstrated that 9.0% of the catheters were infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (5.7% Vialon group vs. 12.5% Teflon group). The Teflon catheters were much more distorted than vialon catheters: 1.7% vs. 55.7% in the macroscopic study; 1.75% vs. 8.2% in the microscopic study. As Vialon softens at body temperature, it would seem likely that it generates a lesser degree of endothelial injury, explaining the lower rate of phlebitis with Vialon catheters.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1983

[Axillary-subclavian injuries. Apropos of 11 cases. Procedural problems].

Tactical problems raised by treatment of injuries involving the axillary-subclavicular region were studied by analysis of 11 cases treated in a Grenoble hospital since 1975. The majority of patients had multiple injuries, and it was possible to perform pre-operative angiography in all cases. Lesions involving the mobile post-vertebral segment of the subclavian artery were treated by pre-sternocleidomastoid cervicotomy through a deltopectoral approach enlarged in L. Functional prognosis was related to the frequency and severity of associated neurological lesions.

Accidents, Occupational↗