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Biomedical subjects

B Eriksen

Publications and source records attributed to B Eriksen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Precision of a new bedside method for estimation of the circulating blood volume.

The present study is a theoretical and experimental evaluation of a modification of the carbon monoxide method for estimation of the circulating blood volume (CBV) with respect to the precision of the method. The CBV was determined from measurements of the CO-saturation of hemoglobin before and after ventilation with a gas mixture containing 20-50 ml of CO for a period of 10-15 min. A special Water's to and fro system was designed in order to avoid any leakage when measuring during intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Blood samples were taken before and immediately after ventilation with the CO gas mixture. The amount of CO administered during each determination of CBV resulted in an increase in the CO saturation of hemoglobin of 2.1%-3.9%. A theoretical noise propagation analysis was performed by means of the Monte Carlo method. The analysis showed that a CO dose corresponding to an increase of less than 2% will result in an unacceptable coefficient of variation of repeated estimates. In the experimental study the coefficient of variation of repeated estimates of CBV was determined from duplicate measurements of CBV in nine healthy subjects and in nine intensive care patients. The coefficients of variation were 6.2% and 4.7% in healthy and diseased subjects, respectively. Furthermore, the day-to-day variation of the method with respect to the total amount of circulating hemoglobin (nHb) and CBV was determined from duplicate estimates separated by 24-48 h. In conclusion, determination of CBV can be performed with an amount of CO that gives rise to a harmless increase in the carboxyhemoglobin concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1992

The effect of quinidine on the analgesic effect of codeine.

We have studied the hypoalgesic effect of codeine (100 mg) after blocking the hepatic O-demethylation of codeine to morphine via the sparteine oxygenase (CYP2D6) by quinidine (200 mg). The study was performed in 16 extensive metabolizers of sparteine, using a double-blind, randomized, four-way, cross-over design. The treatments given at 3 h intervals during the four sessions were placebo/placebo, quinidine/placebo, placebo/codeine, and quinidine/codeine. We measured pinprick pain and pain tolerance thresholds to high energy argon laser stimuli before and 1, 2, and 3 h after codeine or placebo. After codeine and placebo, the peak plasma concentration of morphine was 6-62 (median 18) nmol.l-1. When quinidine pre-treatment was given, no morphine could be detected (less than 4 nmol.l-1) after codeine. The pin-prick pain thresholds were significantly increased after placebo/codeine, but not after quinidine/codeine compared with placebo/placebo. Both placebo/codeine and quinidine/codeine increased pain tolerance thresholds significantly. Quinidine/codeine and quinidine/placebo did not differ significantly for either pin-prick or tolerance pain thresholds. These results are compatible with local CYP2D6 mediated formation of morphine in the brain, not being blocked by quinidine. Alternatively, a hypoalgesic effect of quinidine might have confounded the results.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of two molecular weight markers used in DNA-profiling.

DNA-profiling was performed on DNA from human blood samples. Restriction was performed with HinfI and the fragments were analysed with the single locus probes MS1, MS31, MS43a, and YNH24. Calculations of the sizes of DNA-fragments in the range from 1.4 to 22 kilobase pairs (kb) were performed with two different size markers: the Amersham marker SJ5000 and the Gibco BRL marker 4401SA. The standard deviation of the difference between duplicate determinations was significantly lower with the Gibco BRL marker than with the Amersham marker. Calculation of the fragment lengths with the two markers differed significantly, especially in the high molecular weight region (> 8 kb). Fragment lengths were 3-8% (kb) higher with the Amersham marker than with the Gibco BRL marker which corresponds to a difference of 1.0-1.8 mm in migration distance. The difference was enhanced in the presence of ethidium bromide. The consequences of the replacement of the Amersham marker by the Gibco BRL marker in practical casework is discussed.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1992

Statistical analysis of the measurement errors in the determination of fragment length in DNA-RFLP analysis.

DNA from human whole blood samples was digested with the restriction enzyme HinfI and RFLP analysis performed using the single locus probes MS1, MS31, MS43a and YNH24. The intergel variation of 3291 duplicate measurements of fragment lengths in terms of basepairs was investigated. The difference between two measurements of the same fragment on different gels increased approximately exponentially with increasing fragment length. After transformation of the fragment length into a normalized migration distance it was found that the difference between two transformed measurements was normally distributed with a S.D. (0.70 mm) which was independent of the fragment length. The errors of band 1 and band 2 on the same lane were correlated (r2 = 0.8). It is useful in the calculation of frequencies and in retrieval procedures and also in the calculation of likelihood ratios to be able to use a S.D. which is independent of the fragment length.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1992

A report of an international collaborative experiment to demonstrate the uniformity obtainable using DNA profiling techniques.

This paper describes a collaborative exercise intended to demonstrate whether uniformity of DNA profile results could be achieved between different European laboratories. It was shown that this goal can be obtained provided that a common protocol is followed (specifically the use of a common electrophoretic buffer as being the most important parameter). Generally, lower molecular weight loci (with lower molecular weight fragments) such as YNH24 perform better than higher molecular weight loci such as MS43a. The results of the exercise are discussed in relation to the objectives of the European DNA profiling group (EDNAP).

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1991

Dual-parameter flow cytometric analysis coupling the measurements of forward-angle light scatter and DNA content of archival ovarian carcinomas of low malignant potential.

Paraffin-embedded archival specimens from 45 cases of ovarian carcinoma of low malignant potential (OCLMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Since single-parameter FCM analysis is often deficient in the resolution of subtle near-diploid DNA-aneuploid populations, forward-angle light scatter (FALS) was measured as a second parameter. DNA aneuploidy was identified in 15 cases (33%). In 7 of those 15 cases, aneuploidy was resolved with single-parameter FCM; in the remaining 8 cases, DNA aneuploidy was resolved only following dual-parameter analysis coupling DNA content and FALS. In all 15 cases, a single near-diploid aneuploid population was observed (mean DNA index = 1.2); there were no tetraploid aneuploid cases. The proliferative activity for all 45 cases studied ranged from 1.0% to 8.9%, with a mean of 3.5%. No difference in mean proliferative activity was observed between the aneuploid and diploid tumors (P greater than .05). To exclude the possibility that PI staining artifacts caused the observed aneuploidy, five of the eight cases shown to be aneuploid by dual-parameter analysis were further studied using an alternate DNA-binding dye, DAPI, yielding similar results. To exclude the possibility that contaminating stromal and/or inflammatory cells caused the observed aneuploidy, samples from a subset of the dual-parameter cases were sorted, revealing the aneuploid populations to be composed primarily of tumor nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1988

Primary histiocytosis X of the parieto-occipital lobe.

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence support the concept that histiocytosis X is the result of proliferation of pathological Langerhans' cells. Central nervous system involvement by histiocytosis X has been commonly described in multisystem disease and in association with lytic skull lesions. Unifocal brain involvement by histiocytosis X without concomitant osseous involvement is rare, with only 14 cases reported in the literature to date. Ten of these cases have involved the hypothalamus; the remaining four have involved the frontal lobe (two cases) and the temporal lobe (two cases). The fifth case of extrahypothalamic unifocal histiocytosis X, the first female case, and the first case with parieto-occipital lobe involvement, is reported. Pathology demonstrated infiltration of brain parenchyma by clusters of characteristic histiocytosis X cells with an admixture of morphologically related giant cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Langerhans' granules were identified in the histiocytosis X cells by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry showed strong S-100 protein, HLA-DR, and T6 antigen positivity by the histiocytosis X cells. Therapy included complete surgical excision and postoperative radiation therapy for the incompletely excised lesion. Patients with unifocal extrahypothalamic histiocytosis X may have a better prognosis than patients with localized hypothalamic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Human red cell esterase D polymorphism in Denmark, its use in paternity cases and the description of a new phenotype.

Red cell esterase D (EsD) phenotypes were determined in a Danish population sample of 3,116 unrelated adults by starch-gel electrophoresis. A new phenotype was discovered, which appeared to be determined by the EsD1 allele and a new allele EsDCph. The gene frequencies observed were EsD1 = 0.9007, EsD2 = 0.0992, EsDCph = 0.0001. Investigation of 1,111 mother-child pairs and 59 families with 157 offspring added further support to the genetic model of two common alleles at an autosomal locus. The applicability of the EsD polymorphism to paternity testing was investigated on 960 cases of disputed paternity. An estimate of the EsD null allele frequency (0.001) in European populations was made on the basis of observations made on 5,864 mother/child combinations and 762 matings with 1,882 offspring. The influence of this allele on the reliability of exclusions of paternity was determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Human red cell galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.12). Electrophoretically determined polymorphism in Denmark and its use in paternity cases.

The electrophoretically detectable phenotypes of human red cell galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) were determined in 2,074 unrelated Danes. The gene frequencies were: GALT1 = 0.9233 and GALT2 = 0.0767. The segregation of phenotypes in 765 mother-child pairs was consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance. One apparent mother-child incompatibility with respect to phenotypes was observed which, however, appeared to be due to the segregation of a silent gene. The results of an investigation of 248 paternity cases are reported, and the application of the GALT polymorphism to paternity cases is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Human red cell glyoxalase I polymorphism in Denmark and its application to paternity cases.

Phenotypes of glyoxalase I (GLO) were determined in 1220 unrelated adults from all parts of Denmark giving the gene frequencies GLO1 = 0.4311 and GLO2 = 0.5689. The segregation of phenotypes in 59 families and in 455 mother-child pairs was consistent with the assumed autosomal codominant inheritance. The results of an investigation of 379 parternity cases with respect to exclusions of non-fathers by means of the GLO system are reported, and the application of the GLO system to paternity cases is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

HLA-GLO linkage analysis in 57 informative families.

The HLA-GLO linkage relationship was investigated among 37 single backcross families with 97 children and 20 double intercross families with 51 children. For the total number of families the value Zmas = 14.600 for theta = 0.060 was found. A total of 11 cross-overs between HLA and GLO were found leading to a recombination fraction of 0.067. 221 unrelated haplotypes were examined for linkage disequilibrium between HLA and GLO, and no disequilibrium was found.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1978

Serologic markers and chromosome variants in a pair of chimeric twins.

A pair of chimeric twins, T.S. (male) and M.R. (female) first examined in 1970 are reinvestigated in order to determine if the proportions of admixture of red cells in their blood are unchanged, and if erythrocytes and leukocytes show the same percentage of admixture. T.S., M.R. and their family are investigated for HLA, serum types, and erythrocyte antigens and enzymes. A quantitative determination of 'foreign' cell populations in the blood of each twin is attempted for the systems ABO, and HLA, and for sex chromosomes in PHA stimulated lymphocytes. The results for the ABO system obtained by agglutination technique and by a double-layer immunofluorescence technique indicate that the population of M.R. erythrocytes in T.S. has decreased during the 7-year period, and is now below half the size found in 1970. Erythrocytes and leukocytes show the same percentage of admixture in both twins.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1978

Psoriasis in an unselected series of twins.

The relative importance of genetic factors in the origin, age at onset, clinical type, course, and severity of psoriasis was evaluated on the basis of an unbiased sample of twins, ie, the Danish Twin Register, which covers the total population of twins born in Denmark. All verified and probable cases of psoriasis in twins, born 1891 through 1920, were ascertained. Results are presented of an examination of all members of index pairs in which both partners were alive on a certain date. Fourteen monozygotic and 22 dizygotic, like-sexed pairs were found to include at least one partner with unquestionable psoriasis. Zygosity determination was mainly based on extensive serological examinations. The analyses show that the manifestation of psoriasis depends almost exclusively on the presence of the specific genotype. The age at onset, clinical type, course, and severity are also mainly determined by the genetic constitution. Association with certain HLA antigens of the B series has been confirmed, but the fact that many of the twins (including several of the concordant monozygotic pairs) possess neither of these antigens shows the corresponding genes to be important, but not decisive, elements in the predisposition. We conclude that psoriasis is a genetically determined disorder that may, to a limited extent, be modified by environmental influences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Improvement of recalcitrant psoriasis vulgaris after tonsillectomy.

To study the effect of tonsillectomy as a possible part of the treatment of infection-released, relapsing and recalcitrant (to topical therapy and courses of penicillin) psoriasis vulgaris in children and adolescents and to test a possible correlation between tonsillitis and exacerbations of psoriasis vulgaris, a retrospective study (charts and questionnaires) of the course of psoriasis after tonsillectomy was undertaken in 74 patients with such psoriasis. Each patient served as his own control. At tonsillectomy the average age of patients and the duration of psoriasis were 14-2 years and 4-5 years, respectively, while the average follow-up period was 4-5 years. The clearing of psoriasis vulgaris was stastically significant, p less than 0-01, as 1/3 of the patients obtained clearing of psoriasis throughout the entire follow-up period, while an additional 1/3 noticed considerable improvement of their psoriasis. After having tried both topical therapy of various sorts and courses of penicillin, tonsillectomy might be taken into consideration in relapsing, recalcitrant psoriasis vulgaris in children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗