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Biomedical subjects

B Eddleston

Publications and source records attributed to B Eddleston.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Radiological changes in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract following radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix.

The radiological examinations of 67 patients who had previous radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix uteri were reviewed. All had evidence of radiation damage proven surgically or histologically. Patients with known recurrent or metastatic disease were excluded. The commonest abnormalities (36 patients) were in the urinary tract, where hydronephrosis due to distal ureteric stricture was the most frequent finding. Changes observed in the bladder included mural thickening, mucosal irregularity, focal ulceration and reduction in size. Thirty-one patients had abnormalities of their large bowel. The majority of these had strictures of the recto-sigmoid which showed a smooth mucosa, fine surface ulceration, focal ulceration or a 'cobble-stone' appearance. Lesions observed in the small bowel included fixity of bowel loops, thickening of the wall, coarsening of the mucosal pattern and strictures. Two new features are described; the development of high ureteric strictures and the presence of a stricture within a large bowel stenosis. These findings are significant since they show the variation in appearance which can be produced by radiotherapy damage. The differentiation of these changes from recurrent malignancy can be difficult and the differential diagnosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The significance of residual mediastinal abnormality on the chest radiograph following treatment for Hodgkin's disease.

The chest radiographs (CXRs) of 110 patients with mediastinal Hodgkin's disease (HD) were reviewed to determine the incidence, degree, and significance of mediastinal abnormalities following treatment. Residual mediastinal abnormalities were defined as either minimal or measurable, and occurred in 64% of all patients at the completion of treatment, but were more common in those with bulky mediastinal disease at presentation (40 of 48, 83%). Fifty-one patients with a mediastinal abnormality at the end of treatment had follow-up films available. Partial or complete regression of the abnormality occurred by 1 year in 30 of these patients (59%). Over a median follow-up of 80.5 months, there were more relapses (13 of 70, 19%) in patients with residual abnormalities following treatment than in those where the mediastinum was considered normal (four of 40, 10%). Measurable abnormality was associated with a higher relapse rate (six of 25, 24%) than minimal abnormality (seven of 45, 16%), but none of these differences were statistically significant. the subsequent relapse rate for patients with persisting abnormality at 1 year was 14%, compared with 17% for patients in whom regression had occurred and 14% in whom the mediastinum had always been considered normal. Considering the whole group, the presence of a mediastinal abnormality following treatment did not predict for relapse, but for the 34 patients treated by chemotherapy (CTR) alone, a residual abnormality was associated with a significantly higher relapse rate (P = .029). We conclude that following mediastinal radiotherapy (XRT) administered either alone or combined with CTR, residual mediastinal abnormalities do not indicate the need for further treatment. However, following CTR alone, such abnormalities may signify persisting disease and we recommend that XRT be considered for these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Fast computer processing for tissue highlighting in computed tomographic cross-sectional imaging and digital scan projection radiography.

A simple, fast, computer method of simultaneously highlighting edge detail and emphasising soft-tissue contrast is discussed. An objective comparison is made with conventional blurred mask subtraction using the signal-to-noise ratio from phantom scans. The use of the algorithm for inner ear studies and digital scanned projection radiography is presented.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

Diagnostic imaging, a "parallel" discipline. Can current technology provide a reliable digital diagnostic radiology department?

Only recently has any detailed criticism been voiced about the practicalities of the introduction of generalised, digital, imaging complexes in diagnostic radiology. Although attendant technological problems are highlighted we argue that the fundamental causes of current difficulties are not in the generation but in the processing, filing and subsequent retrieval for display of digital image records. In the real world, looking at images is a parallel process of some complexity and so it is perhaps untimely to expect versatile handling of vast image data bases by existing computer hardware and software which, by their current nature, perform tasks serially. Successes in applying new imaging devices using digital technology, numerical methods and more easily available computing power are directing radiology towards the concept of all-digital departmental complexes. Hence a critical discussion of fundamental problems should be encouraged, to promote a thorough understanding of what may be involved (Gray et al, 1984) in following such a course. It is equally important to gain some perspective about the development possibilities for existing, commercially available equipment being offered to the medical community.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

The removal of a "cupping" artefact from brain images produced by the EMI 7070 CT scanner.

Brain images produced on the EMI 7070 scanner exhibit a "cupping" artefact due to a combination of beam hardening and scatter effects. The magnitude of the artefact is assessed by statistically analysing a series of concentric regions of interest in the final image. Once the magnitude has been determined it can be subtracted from the image. While the result of the technique does not modify the clinical analysis of images it does increase the observer's appreciation of the image. Both the technique and clinical results are presented, and the implications of this type of reconstruction artefact removal discussed.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography of abdomen in staging and clinical management of lymphoma.

During July 1976 to Demember 1977, 150 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 138 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were examined by computed tomography (CT). In 45 cases 50 repeat examinations were conducted. Concurrent laparotomy and lymphography were performed on 68 and 56 patients respectively. The overall incidence of false-positive CT examinations as confirmed by laparotomy was 7.4%. In 18 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the abdomen there was good correlation between the two techniques. Of the 50 patients with Hodgkin's disease who underwent laparotomy, 17 had splenic disease and 14 minimally enlarged lymph nodes in 20 areas; CT, however, detected only four diseased spleens and five minimally enlarged lymph nodes. Nevertheless, CT often detected enlarged lymph nodes missed by lymphography and was 23% more efficient than lymphography in detecting unsuspected disease. CT also detected unsuspected disease in patients with relapse of lymphoma. CT may replace other non-invasive investigations of abdominal disease in patients with lymphoma and give a reliable guide to prognosis. It does not, however, eliminate the need for laparotomy in staging Hodgkin's disease.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Eye dose measurements using conventional and rare-earth screens during tomography of the para-nasal sinuses.

Eye dose measurements have been performed when using medium speed conventional and rare-earth screen-film combinations during tomography of the para-nasal sinuses. The measurements show that using conventional intensifying screens with the A.P. view a total eye dose of about 20 rad may be given during an examination. This eye dose can be reduced by 98% using the P.A. position. If rare-earth screen/film combinations are employed the eye dose measured in the A.P. view was reduced by 75% of that obtained with conventional screens without detectable loss of image quality. A total eye dose reduction of about 99.5% was measured in the P.A. view with the rare-earth systems.

Ear, Middle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prognostic significance of X-ray changes at presentation and reassessment in patients with multiple myeloma.

The relationship between presenting skeletal X-ray findings and survival in multiple myeloma was assessed in 172 consecutive patients treated at this institute. All patients were investigated, treated and followed up according to one protocol. The shortest survival was seen in those with normal X-rays (3-year actuarial 11 per cent) and the longest in those with minimal lytic changes (3-year actuarial 44 per cent). Patients with osteoporosis alone and those with extensive lytic lesions had intermediate survivals of 32 per cent and 33 per cent respectively. Of the other major prognostic features only anaemia demonstrated a significant correlation with X-ray findings in terms of survival (p less than 0.001) suggesting that those with normal X-rays may have a more diffuse marrow involvement accounting for their poor prognosis. The response on bone X-rays in 102 patients who completed nine cycles of chemotherapy was also analysed. Patients with evidence of healing had a 3-year actuarial survival of 37 per cent, those with progression 36 per cent and those with stable X-rays 65 per cent (p less than 0.01). Normal bone X-rays at presentation and radiological evidence of healing following therapy appear to be bad prognostic signs in multiple myeloma.

Actuarial Analysis↗