Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Eaton.
A 29-year-old previously healthy man had a Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and bacteremia. Early recognition of the organism and institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy led to rapid clinical response and recovery. Although Pseudomonas is rarely the cause of pneumonia in a healthy host, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Pancreatic endocrine function was studied in forty dogs after ligation or free i.p. drainage of the pancreatic duct, with or without simultaneous partial pancreatectomy. Shrinkage and fibrosis of the pancreas occurred in all dogs, with equal severity in the open duct and duct-tied groups. Fasting blood sugars remained within the normal range but fasting levels of plasma insulin and glucagon were reduced. Dynamic tests of endocrine function indicated that partial pancreatectomy reduced the insulin response to i.v. injection of dextrose or glucagon and delayed the reestablishment of glucose homeostasis. Glucose tolerance was normal in dogs with intact pancreases, but duct ligation was associated with deteriorating recovery after glucagon injection. The precise coordination of circulating glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels seen in normal dogs was lost in both partial and intact pancreas groups and these disturbances were attributed to the fibrotic changes arising from interference with the ductal drainage. Both ligation and free i.p. drainage of the pancreatic duct therefore resulted in abnormalities of islet function. When combined with partial pancreatectomy, both techniques were associated with significant pancreatic endocrine insufficiency.
After heterotopic pancreatic allotransplantation in dogs and in the absence of rejection there was a fasting normoglycemia with a marked hyperinsulinemia. On intravenous glucose tolerance testing and intravenous glucagon testing, the blood sugar response of dogs receiving no immunosuppression was normal but the response in dogs receiving immunosuppressive therapy was exaggerated. There was a marked increase in the insulin response compared with normal animals whether or not immunosuppressive therapy was administered. The first endocrine even during allograft rejection seemed to be a drop in the pancreatic insulin reserve as demonstrated by plasma insulin results during a glucagon test; occurring 2 to 3 days before clinically overt rejection. This was also found on glucose tolerance testing. A rise in the fasting plasma insulin occurred next, 1 to 2 days before a rise in the fasting blood sugar. As the rejection process progressed, the plasma insulin levels subsequently dropped until the death of the animal. If, during a rejection process, the blood sugar did not rise above 150 mg/100 ml and the plasma insulin level did not drop below the lower limit of normal the rejection was usually reversible with intravenous methylprednisolone.
Pancreatic endocrine function was investigated in dogs after heterotopic pancreatic allotransplantation. A marked hyperinsulinemia was found in peripheral venous blood within the first 60 min postoperatively. This was associated with hypoglycemia and hypokalemia occurring within the next 2 to 3 hr resulting eventually in death. The hypoglycemia could be corrected by parenteral dextrose and potassium given during the first 2 hr postoperatively or prevented by parenteral hydrocortisone given at the time of transplantation.
After pancreatectomy and heterotopic pancreatic allotransplantation in dogs, there was a pattern of endocrine activity similar to that found following a combination of pancreatic denervation and total transposition of the pancreatic venous effluent from the portal of the systemic venous circulation. Denervation of the pancreas alone or total venous transposition alone did not mirror these results. The mechanism of the effect of these two factors is discussed.
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The mortality of forest conservationists and soil conservationists in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) who died during January 1, 1970-December 31, 1979 (N = 1,411 white males) while actively employed or while receiving a pension was evaluated. The proportionate mortality analysis was used to identify cancers that might be elevated in this occupational group compared to the total U.S. white male population, whereas case-control analyses more rigorously evaluated the disease association with occupation. Controls were selected from employees at USDA who died of any cause of death other than that cause of death represented by the case. In case-control analyses, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and colon cancer demonstrated a statistically significant linear trend (p less than .05) with duration of employment as either a forest or soil conservationist, which suggests an occupational etiology for both diseases. Soil conservationists who were last employed after 1960 experienced significantly elevated risks for NHL (OR = 2.6) and colon cancer (OR = 1.8), whereas those last employed before 1960 were not at an increased risk. Among forest conservationists, the risk for both NHL and colon cancer appeared to be elevated before and after 1960.
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