An ethicist's commentary on an insurance policy requiring premature surgery.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B E Rollin.
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Historically, physicians and veterinarians have placed much less emphasis on felt pain than ordinary citizens do. This is, in part, a function of the philosophical and valuational presuppositions accompanying the development of modern reductionistic Newtonian Science. In the 20th century, these presuppositions were hardened into an ideology affirming that science (and medicine) could not deal with the subjective experience or make value judgments, including ethical judgments. Control of felt pain, and the moral imperative favoring such control, were both bracketed by this ideology. With recent major changes in social ethics, however, and with recent realizations that pain is biologically active, both human and veterinary medicine can no longer ignore the moral and medical dimensions of felt pain.
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Genetic engineers have been remiss in addressing ethical and social issues emerging from this powerful new technology, a technology whose, implications for agriculture are profound. As a consequence of this failure, society has been uneasy about genetic engineering of animals and has had difficulty distinguishing between genuine and spurious ethical issues the technology occasions. Many of the most prominent concerns do not require a serious response. On the other hand, concerns about a variety of possible risks arising from genetic engineering of animals require careful consideration and dialogue with the public. Such concerns are an admixture of ethics and prudence. A purely ethical challenge, however, hitherto not addressed, is represented by problems of animal welfare that arise out of genetically engineering agricultural animals. A principle of "conservation of welfare" is suggested as a plausible moral rule to guide such genetic engineering.
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