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B E Kitchell

Publications and source records attributed to B E Kitchell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Telomerase activity as a marker for malignancy in feline tissues.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the diagnostic significance of the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay in detecting feline malignancies. SAMPLE POPULATION: Solid tissue specimens collected from 33 client-owned cats undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures at the University of Illinois Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between July 1997 and September 1999 and an additional 20 tissue samples were collected from 3 clinically normal control cats euthanatized at the conclusion of an unrelated study. PROCEDURE: The TRAP assay was used for detection of telomerase activity. Each result was compared to its respective histopathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: Twenty-nine of 31 malignant and 1 of 22 benign or normal tissue samples had telomerase activity, indicating 94% sensitivity and 95% specificity of the TRAP assay in our laboratory. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The diagnostic significance of telomerase activity has been demonstrated in humans and recently in dogs by our laboratory. We tested feline samples to determine whether similar patterns of telomerase activity exist. On the basis of our results, the TRAP assay may be clinically useful in providing a rapid diagnosis of malignancy in cats. The telomerase enzyme may also serve as a therapeutic target in feline tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Peliosis hepatis in a dog infected with Bartonella henselae.

A 6-year-old spayed female Golden Retriever was examined because of generalized weakness and abdominal distention. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large quantity of peritoneal fluid. In addition, the liver appeared larger than normal and contained multiple, small, nodular masses and cyst-like structures. Abdominal exploratory surgery was performed, and 5 L of serosanguineous peritoneal fluid was removed. Gross lesions were not found in the stomach, kidneys, intestines, adrenal glands, or urinary bladder. There were diffuse cystic nodules in all liver lobes. The dog did not recover from anesthesia. A diagnosis of peliosis hepatis was made on the basis of gross and histologic appearance of the liver. A polymerase chain reaction assay revealed Bartonella henselae DNA in liver specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of molecular evidence of B henselae infection in a dog with peliosis hepatis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Progression of an orbital T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma to a B-cell lymphoma in a dog.

An 11-year-old Shetland Sheepdog was presented for exophthalmos caused by a locally extensive, poorly defined mass located behind the right eye. The primary orbital mass was identified by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry as a T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) composed predominantly of BLA.36-positive large neoplastic lymphoid cells admixed with fewer CD3- and CD79a-positive small lymphocytes. The dog was treated for lymphoma, but 6 months after presentation it was euthanatized for suspected hepatic and gastrointestinal metastasis. Gross findings revealed an enlarged liver with multiple well-demarcated, randomly distributed 0.1-1.5-cm white nodules, five firm white submucosal jejunal nodules, and ileocecal, mediastinal, and hilar lymphadenopathy. Metastatic liver lesions consisted of sheets of monomorphic large neoplastic lymphoid cells that effaced and expanded portal and centrilobular zones. These cells were morphologically similar to the large neoplastic cells of the original orbital tumor and were CD3-negative and variably BLA.36-positive, consistent with B-cell lineage. Similar cells comprised the jejunal nodules and effaced the lymph nodes. The progression of TCRBCL to a diffuse B-cell lymphoma in this case is consistent with reported human cases and has not been previously reported in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of an assay for detecting telomerase activity in neoplastic tissues of dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine feasibility of using the telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay to detect telomerase activity in tumors of dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Samples of tumor or normal tissue were obtained from client-owned dogs that underwent surgical biopsy during the period of January 1996 through December 1997. PROCEDURE: The TRAP assay was used to detect telomerase activity in malignant or benign tumors of dogs. Telomerase status (positive or negative) was compared with results of histologic examination for each sample to estimate specificity and sensitivity of this assay for the diagnosis of malignancy. RESULTS: Of 26 malignant tumors, 24 were telomerase positive on TRAP assay, whereas 3 of 4 benign tumors and 3 of 3 normal tissues were telomerase negative. Analysis of these results indicated an estimated sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 86% for tumor analysis, using the TRAP assay. CONCLUSION: The TRAP assay can be used to measure telomerase activity in malignant tumors of dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because telomerase activation may be required for indefinite longevity of cells, it may also serve as a tumor marker and therapeutic target. The TRAP assay can be used to detect telomerase in samples of fluid as well as tissues obtained from solid tumors. Therefore, it may have considerable clinical value in rapid and noninvasive diagnosis of neoplasia in dogs. Additional studies must be completed to more accurately determine sensitivity and specificity of the assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Intralesional implant for treatment of primary oral malignant melanoma in dogs.

The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a new method of local, sustained-release chemotherapy by use of intralesional cisplatin implants were evaluated in the treatment of oral malignant melanoma. The implant is an injectable viscous gel composed of a protein carrier matrix, a vasoactive modifier, and a chemotherapeutic drug. Twenty dogs with biopsy-proven melanomas were treated at 1- to 2-week intervals by injection with cisplatin implant. Tumors were treated until they resolved or were judged to be unresponsive. In 3 dogs with tumors unresponsive to cisplatin implants, methotrexate implants were used, and in 2 of these dogs, carmustine implants followed the methotrexate. Tumor responses were evaluated by sequential measurements. Melanomas in 14 (70%) of 20 dogs had a > 50% decrease in volume, and in 11 (55%) of these dogs, had a complete response. Tumors with complete responses received a mean cisplatin dose of 11.7 +/- 1.8 mg, delivered in a mean of 2.6 treatments. Two of the dogs with complete response also were treated with methotrexate and carmustine. Implants were well tolerated. Local necrosis, limited to the treatment site, developed in most tumors (17/20) and was associated with tumor response. Systemic toxicosis was minimal; renal insufficiency after cisplatin implants was not evident. Median survival times of dogs with complete tumor response (51 weeks) was substantially greater than that of dogs without local tumor control (10.5 weeks). Recursive partitioning analysis of variables indicated that mandibular tumors of short duration were associated with a positive outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Identification of three feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) env gene subtypes and comparison of the FIV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolutionary patterns.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus associated with AIDS-like illnesses in cats. As such, FIV appears to be a feline analog of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A hallmark of HIV infection is the large degree of viral genetic diversity that can develop within an infected individual and the even greater and continually increasing level of diversity among virus isolates from different individuals. Our goal in this study was to determine patterns of FIV genetic diversity by focusing on a 684-nucleotide region encompassing variable regions V3, V4, and V5 of the FIV env gene in order to establish parallels and distinctions between FIV and HIV type 1 (HIV-1). Our data demonstrate that, like HIV-1, FIV can be separated into distinct envelope sequence subtypes (three are described here). Similar to that found for HIV-1, the pairwise sequence divergence within an FIV subtype ranged from 2.5 to 15.0%, whereas that between subtypes ranged from 17.8 to 26.2%. However, the high number of synonymous nucleotide changes among FIV V3 to V5 env sequences may also include a significant number of back mutations and suggests that the evolutionary distances among FIV subtypes are underestimated. Although only a few subtype B viruses were available for examination, the pattern of diversity between the FIV A and B subtypes was found to be significantly distinct; subtype B sequences had proportionally fewer mutations that changed amino acids, compared with silent changes, suggesting a more advanced state of adaptation to the host. No similar distinction was evident for HIV-1 subtypes. The diversity of FIV genomes within individual infected cats was found to be as high as 3.7% yet twofold lower than that within HIV-1-infected people over a comparable region of the env gene. Despite these differences, significant parallels between patterns of FIV evolution and HIV-1 evolution exist, indicating that a wide array of potentially divergent virus challenges need to be considered in FIV vaccine and pathogenesis studies.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1988

Cisplatin for treatment of transitional cell and squamous cell carcinomas in dogs.

Thirteen dogs with tumors were treated with monthly infusions of cisplatin. Complete responses were not observed. Of 8 dogs with urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas, 1 (12.5%) had a partial response of 31 weeks' duration, and 4 (50%) had stable disease for 12, 30, 32, and 34 weeks. Three (60%) of 5 dogs with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas had partial responses for 2, 10, and 15 weeks. All 13 dogs were evaluated for signs of toxicosis. Transient episodes of vomiting were recorded for 7 dogs (54%), and 2 dogs (15%) had mild thrombocytopenia. Although renal function gradually decreased in 2 dogs (15%), none of the dogs had an episode of acute renal failure attributable to cisplatin. These findings suggest that cisplatin may be a safe and potentially effective agent for treatment of transitional cell and squamous cell carcinomas in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Prognostic factors for radiation treatment of mast cell tumor in 85 dogs.

Ninety-five mast cell tumors in 85 dogs were therapeutically irradiated. Median and mean tumor-free times for dogs were 17 and 62.7 months, respectively. Percentages of dogs tumor-free at 1 and 2 years were 78.8 and 77%, respectively. Factors significantly affecting tumor-free time were clinical stage (P less than 0.001) and neoplasm location (P = 0.019). Median and mean survival times were 19 and 61.2 months, respectively. Survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 76.2 and 73.2%, respectively. Prognostic factors that significantly affected survival rates were clinical stage (P less than 0.001), neoplasm grade (P = 0.006), and neoplasm location (P = 0.034). Radiation therapy was an effective treatment of mast cell tumor in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Use of cisplatin for treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs.

Nineteen dogs were treated for osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton. Eleven dogs treated by amputation and adjunctive cisplatin chemotherapy had a significantly longer (P less than 0.003) median survival time of 43 weeks (range, 20 to 108 weeks) than did 8 dogs whose median survival time was 14.5 weeks (range, 8 to 46 weeks) after amputation alone. All 11 dogs given cisplatin were evaluated for signs of drug toxicosis. Transient episodes of vomiting were recorded in 9 of 11 dogs. Additional toxic effects included gradual decreases in endogenous creatinine clearance in 3 dogs and thrombocytopenia in 1 dog. On the basis of prolonged survival times and minimal adverse effects, we concluded that cisplatin has promise as an effective and relatively nontoxic agent, when combined with amputation, for treatment of dogs with osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1986

Clinical and pathologic changes in experimentally induced acute pancreatitis in cats.

Acute pancreatitis was induced in 6 cats by infusion of oleic acid into the pancreatic duct. Clinical changes included fever, tachycardia, and variable degrees of abdominal pain; vomiting occurred rarely, and diarrhea was not noted. Serum lipase activities were significantly increased through the 4th day after the surgical operation, although amylase activities were significantly decreased during most of the acute phase. Serum calcium and phosphate concentrations were decreased significantly on the 4th day after surgical operation. Hematologic alterations included normocytic, normochromic, responsive anemias, but changes in WBC values were not statistically significant. Evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency after induction of acute pancreatitis was not demonstrated in any cats during the study. The results of this study indicate that increases in serum lipase activity are the most consistent and earliest indicators of acute pancreatitis in cats, but that more sensitive methods of laboratory evaluation should be sought.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Feline trauma and critical care medicine.

The initial management of the traumatized cat can be a challenging, but rewarding, task for the veterinarian. The pathophysiology of shock, its clinical presentation, and basic elements of treatment are universal to all species. Special care must be taken when dealing with injured cats, due to their increased susceptibility to stress and tendency toward severe hypothermia in shock. The development of pulmonary edema in response to excessive fluid loads, especially in the face of pulmonary injury, must be borne in mind when establishing treatment regimens. The keys to successful management of the traumatized cat lie in correct assessment of the extent and nature of injuries, rapid institution of rational therapy, and constant re-evaluation of the animal's response throughout the post-traumatic period.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Hemorrhage in a cat caused by inhibition of factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent).

A coagulation profile from a 5-year-old neutered male cat with severe epistaxis revealed an intrinsic coagulation defect characterized by prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, with normal bleeding time, platelet count, and prothrombin time. Subsequent factor XI analyses, using bovine factor XI-deficient plasma, revealed factor XI deficiency. Hematologic and clinical studies on the cat failed to reveal an underlying disease process that might have resulted in acquired factor XI inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multicentric lymphosarcoma in a dog with multiple-site skeletal involvement.

In this report the authors describe an unusual clinical presentation of lymphosarcoma (LSA) in a dog. A 9-year-old, neutered male, Golden Retriever was presented with a primary complaint of sudden onset of tetraparesis. Routine survey radiographs revealed multiple-site bony lesions and the histology revealed a diagnosis of LSA with diffuse skeletal and soft tissue involvement. The dog responded poorly to medical management and was euthanized on day two due to poor prognosis. Malignant LSA of the bone is a rare extranodal clinicopathologic entity and presents both a diagnostic and therapeutic hurdle. Reports of this kind are sparse and currently no optimal treatment for this entity has been determined.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of aggressive testicular tumors in four dogs.

In this report, the authors describe four dogs referred for diagnosis and treatment of unusual and aggressive testicular tumors. For the vast majority of dogs with testicular tumors, orchiectomy is curative. All dogs in this report had surgical resection, and three of four dogs were treated with cisplatin chemotherapy. Cisplatin is widely recognized as the most active agent in testicular cancer in human medicine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis-induced systemic thromboembolism in a cat.

A six-year-old cat presented with clinical signs consistent with distal aortic thromboembolism while clinical signs of cardiovascular disease were absent. Diagnostics, including thoracic radiographs, electrocardiography, and echocardiography revealed no cardiovascular anomalies. Thoracic radiographs revealed multifocal pulmonary lesions consistent with neoplasia. Complete blood cell count demonstrated a marked thrombocytosis, leukopenia, and neutropenia. Histopathology of the pulmonary lesions confirmed multiple bronchoalveolar carcinomas. Myelodysplasia with megakaryocytic hyperplasia and ineffective myelopoiesis was noted on bone-marrow histopathology from multiple sites. The absence of other causes suggested a paraneoplastic thrombocytosis. The diagnosis of paraneoplastic thrombocytosis-induced thromboembolism was made due to the lack of underlying cardiac disease and the presence of a marked thrombocytosis. The presence of thrombocytosis and thromboembolism associated with neoplasia is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of canine lymphoma with COPLA/LVP.

Seventy-five dogs with cytopathologically or histopathologically confirmed lymphoma received L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and doxorubicin (COPLA) induction followed by chlorambucil, vincristine, and prednisone (LVP) maintenance between January 1994 and June 1997. Toxicity was evaluated using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) toxicity criteria. Age, weight, sex, and response were evaluated for prognostic significance against first remission duration. A complete response (CR) was obtained in 61 (80%) dogs, a partial response (PR) was obtained in nine (12%) dogs, and no response (NR) was obtained in five (8%) dogs. The median first remission duration was 25 weeks, with 17% and 5% of the dogs in remission at one and two years, respectively. Observed toxicity was low, with 84% of dogs given an NCI score of 1 or 2. Median survival time for dogs achieving CR was 36 weeks versus four weeks for those achieving PR or NR.

Animals↗