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Biomedical subjects

B Ducot

Publications and source records attributed to B Ducot.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Ultrasonography of the gallbladder and oral cholecystography. A prospective comparative study].

A prospective study comparing the information supplied by ultrasonography of the gallbladder and oral cholecystography was conducted in 254 patients with clinically suspected gallbladder calculi. The results demonstrated the limitations of cholecystography, notably the frequency of non-opacification in the absence of hepatic-biliary tract pathology and the possibility of false-negative results. Ultrasonography proved adequate in more than 80% of the cases and may be considered as the examination of choice for the diagnosis of biliary calculi. Its own limitations are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual behavior and smoking: risk factor for urethritis in men.

Two hundred men who had symptoms of urethritis and 207 controls were interviewed. Because 60% of the men were of foreign nationality, the analysis of risk factors for urethritis was undertaken separately for the French and foreign subpopulations. The risk factors for urethritis were different for the French and foreign men. For the French men who had smoked, the risk of infection was 2.9 times greater than that for men who had never smoked (95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.6), after taking type of sexual behavior into account. There is a significant increase in the risk of urethritis when the amount of tobacco consumed daily increases (P less than 0.02). This finding suggests that smoking is an independent risk factor.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Secular sperm trends in stallions between 1981 and 1996.

Several reports have suggested that human semen quality has declined throughout the world over the last few decades. Chemicals in the environment acting as endocrine disrupters have been implicated as a possible cause. If this is indeed the case, then similar effects may be observed in animals. We analyzed 1489 ejaculates collected from 390 Breton draught stallions between 1981 and 1996. Semen was collected from all the stallions at a single center, according to standardized semen collection protocols and laboratory methods. Semen volume decreased slightly but significantly and there was an increase in sperm concentration over the study period. However, total sperm production was unchanged. Seminal fluid volume is controlled by accessory sex glands, which are regulated by androgens. Chemicals with antiandrogenic properties have been detected in the environment. By affecting the development or function of accessory sex glands, these chemicals may be at least partly responsible for the observed decrease in semen volume.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Iron deficiency and psychomotor development tests. Longitudinal study between 10 months and 4 years of age].

A longitudinal study of iron deficiency and of psychomotor development was carried out in 147 children followed between the ages of 10 months and 4 years in 2 well-baby out-patient clinics in Paris area. The tests used were those of Brunet-Lézine. The frequency of iron deficiency anemia was 22% at age 10 months, 9% at 2 years and 2% at 4 years. Ferritin blood levels were abnormally low in 35% of patients at 10 months of age, in 36% at 2 years and in 40% at 4 years. No significant correlation could be found between the Development Quotient (DQ) and biological data at the ages of 10 months and 4 years. On the other hand, at age 2, the mean DQ values were higher in children without deficiency than in those with deficiency with respect to the following biological parameters: hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. These differences persisted even after taking into account variables known to influence psychomotor development.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical aspects of children with portal hypertension at Bicêtre hospital. A study of 282 cases (1954-1981) (author's transl)].

282 children with portal hypertension (PHT) were studied. PHT was due to extra-hepatic portal venous obstruction in 40% of children, to intra-hepatic disease in 56% and to post-sinusoídal lesions in 4%. Presenting symptoms, and risk of gastro-intestinal bleeding were analyzed in each etiologic group, as well as the follow-up in children in whom a portal-systemic shunt was not carried out. In portal venous obstruction, gastro-intestinal bleeding occurred frequently and early in life; liver failure and portal systemic encephalopathy did not occur; none of these children died except those with severe congenital heart disease. In children with cirrhosis, gastro-intestinal bleeding occurred twice less frequently and its date depended upon the etiology of cirrhosis; in this group, death was due twice more often to the underlying liver disease than to gastro-intestinal bleeding. In supra-hepatic PHT, the risks of PHT proper are limited except for ascites.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of portal hypertension in children. Retrospective study of 157 cases (author's transl)].

From 1959 until 1981, 157 children were treated for portal hypertension by esophageal varices ligation in 13 cases and by portosystemic shunt in 144 cases. The age of the patients at operation was correlated with the cause of portal hypertension : mean age was six and a half years for cases with extra-hepatic blockage, and ten years for cases with cirrhosis. In 73% of cases, the shunt was undertaken following a bleeding episode from esophageal varices; at the present time, the decision to undertake a prophylactic type of shunt would be much more questionable. Central splenorenal shunt and mesocaval shunt were the operations most frequently performed by the different surgical teams in charge of these children (respectively 69 and 47 cases). Among the postoperative complications, three cases of venous stasis in lower limbs occurred after a mesocaval shunt; one child died two and a half years after a central splenorenal shunt from pneumococcal sepsis. During the last two years, there is a tendency in our group to perform a Warren shunt for intrahepatic portal hypertension, and a mesocaval shunt with jugular vein interposition in the case of extrahepatic portal hypertension. Recurrence of bleeding from esophageal varices after simple ligation has been observed in 64% of the cases; after portosystemic shunts, the anastomosis was a success in 89.3% of the cases. Whereas a significant fall in portal pressure after completion of the anastomosis is of good prognostic value, the fact that in some cases intraoperative measurement of pressure before and after shunting may show no difference does not imply a secondary thrombosis of the anastomosis, since this complication was seen in only 13% of the cases in these conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Semen characteristics and fertility (author's transl)].

The semen characteristics of 215 fertile men (F = fathers requesting vasectomy) and of 409 infertile men (I) have been analysed under strictly identical conditions. The mean values for volume, sperm concentration, and the percentages of motile, vital and morphologically normal spermatozoa were greater in group F than in I. Seminal variations were much greater in cases of testicular lesions (cryptorchidism, hypotrophy) than in varicocele, although there remains a difference between F and I even after exclusion of all clinical lesions suggesting a role for other factors in the origin of much cases of infertility. Other than in cases of azoospermia, there is no difference in the function of the accessory glands detectable by the assay of seminal biochemical markers: fructose (seminal vesicles) acid phosphatase and citrate (prostate); only L-carnitine (epididymal marker) is elevated in the fertile men, however this difference is only a reflection of the observed difference in sperm concentration in combination with the close correlation between sperm concentration and L-carnitine values.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trends in sexual behavior. Analyse des Comportements Sexuels en France Investigators.

The definition of strategies for preventing STD and AIDS requires a better knowledge of sexual behavior in the general population and in specific subgroups of the population. Surveys have been undertaken in different countries to provide such information, and they allow to draw some general conclusions. Even if there exist a very important variability of sexual behaviors between individuals and within individuals in different situations, the primary characteristics of sexual behavior in different developed countries appear to be quite similar. All prevention efforts need to be directed toward everybody in the population, but they must in the same time be made age specific, gender specific, and culture specific. The repertoire of available methods must be expanded to offer different choices, taking into account important psychological and sociologic determinants of sexual behavior. The development of methods under women's control would permit to combine the goals of contraception and of STD prevention.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors in men and women consulting for infertility.

In three regions of France, over a period of 1 year, we registered all couples (women and men) who have consulted and obtained a medical evaluation (medical causes and risk factors) for primary or secondary infertility. For women with secondary infertility caused by tubal disorders (compared to other causes) the risk factors are: STDs (RR = 7.5; 4.8-11.6); previous surgery, including appendectomy (RR = 4.7; 3.4-6.5); history of salpingitis (RR = 32.1; 18.8-55.3); and ectopic pregnancy (RR = 21.5; 11.4-41.3). For consulting men, secondary infertility risk factors are varicocele (RR = 4.1; 2.0-8.5) and previous genital infection (RR = 5.8; 2.8-11.7) for oligoteratosasthenospermia, and histories of major treatment or exposure to toxic agents such as X-rays, benzenes, or pesticides (RR = 6.6; 1.3-30.4) for secretory azoospermia. These results underline the importance for physicians of making a systematic exploration for all the different infertility risk factors in men and women, enabling greater control and effectiveness in medical diagnosis.

Cervix Mucus↗