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Biomedical subjects

B Dietrich

Publications and source records attributed to B Dietrich.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Single dose human pharmacology of umespirone.

We have compared the cognitive, EEG, and neuroendocrine effects of single doses of umespirone (20 mg and 80 mg) with those of buspirone (30 mg) and placebo in double-blind, cross-over studies in 44 healthy men. The pattern and time-course of the cognitive effects with umespirone and buspirone were dissimilar. Peak effects of buspirone were seen shortly after dosing and then receded, whilst the effects of umespirone persisted for up to 23 h. Although both drugs objectively impaired attention, buspirone reduced subjective alertness, calmness, and contentedness, whilst umespirone increased subjective alertness and contentedness and showed potential to improve secondary verbal memory. The EEG effects of umespirone were different from those seen with buspirone; they included a decrease of power in the alpha 1 band and the beta bands in the frontocentral area and an increase in the delta and theta bands in the occipitotemporal area. Umespirone had a later onset of action than buspirone but its effects lasted longer. Similar transient increases in serum prolactin and growth hormone concentrations were seen with buspirone and 80 mg umespirone; umespirone 20 mg had no effect. Plasma concentrations of ACTH and adrenaline and serum concentrations of cortisol were unaffected by either dose of umespirone. There was some evidence that buspirone increased ACTH and cortisol concentrations in some cases, and that umespirone increased noradrenaline concentrations. The frequency of adverse events was higher with buspirone than with 80 mg of umespirone. At the lower dose of umespirone, the frequency was similar to that with placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Patterns of skull base fracture: a three-dimensional computed tomographic study.

Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions were studied retrospectively in 14 patients with skull base fractures. Our aim was to assess the clarity of visualisation and pattern of these fractures. The reformations were obtained from 3 mm thick two-dimensional (2D) CT images. The 2D data stored on optical discs were retrieved and reformatted using the scanner's software. The 3D technique could demonstrate the presence of fractures as well as 2D images. It was of special value in defining the depth and extent of fractures in the floor of the cranial fossae. Undisplaced and displaced fractures could both be demonstrated. Fractures in the anterior fossa run diagonally towards the midline and then cross the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. Fractures of the middle fossa run obliquely anteroposterior. Fractures in the lamina papyracea and cribriform plate were difficult to reconstruct due to the thinness of these bones and threshold definitions. The volume of the 3D block determines the angles suitable for viewing the fractures. In spite of present technical difficulties, the 3D images are of greater anatomical and diagnostic value, particularly in anterior fossa fractures. There is no additional radiation risk to the patient, since reconstructions are made from routine 2D images.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Pharmaco-electroencephalographic and clinical effects of the cholinergic substance--acetyl-L-carnitine--in patients with organic brain syndrome.

In two double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies of the nootropic compound acetyl-L-carnitine on the electroencephalogram (EEG) and impaired brain functions of elderly outpatients with mild to moderate cognitive decline of the organic brain syndrome, statistically significant effects could be detected after eight weeks (on the EEG), and after 12 weeks of treatment (on the physician's clinical global impression and the patient-rated level of activities of daily living). Side-effects of acetyl-L-carnitine were generally minor and overall rare. Longer treatment periods and further specifications with regard to the aetiopathology and degree of cognitive impairment are recommended for further clinical studies of this promising compound.

Acetylcarnitine↗
PubMed1989

Influence of cilazapril on memory functions and sleep behaviour in comparison with metoprolol and placebo in healthy subjects.

1. In a controlled, randomized, double-blind study the influence of cilazapril and metoprolol on learning and memory functions and on sleep behaviour was investigated in healthy young volunteers under steady-state conditions. Twenty-three subjects were given either 2.5 mg cilazapril, 200 mg metoprolol, or placebo for 14 days in a latin square design separated by washout periods of 7 days. 2. To test memory functions different modalities--verbal, visual, numerical associative and two dimensional spatial memory were tested for recent anterograde recall, both short-term (less than 10 s) and middle-term (up to 15 min) were selected. The test had a content similar to that used in daily life situations. The sleep behaviour was tested both by objective (all night sleep EEG) and subjective measures. 3. Neither antihypertensive drug had an observable influence on memory performance at the dosages used under steady-state conditions. However, sleep was disturbed during metoprolol, while cilazapril could not be differentiated from placebo. The effects of metoprolol on sleep behaviour were observed in the objective and subjective measures. There was more frequent awakening during the night with the subjective complaint of difficulties in sleeping through. 4. From this study it is concluded that cilazapril has no major effect on memory functions and sleep behaviour. This is only true for the dosages given and under steady-state conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Experimental research with a new percutaneously insertable and expandable vascular prosthesis].

Restenosis and occlusion are the most common reasons why transluminal balloon angioplasty may fail to provide long-term benefit. To prevent restenosis and occlusion of diseased arteries after angioplasty an arterial endoprosthesis has been developed which is positioned to the balloon of an angioplasty catheter and which consists of a stainless steel pliable and elastic tube. With the inflation of the balloon the endoprosthesis will dilate and give the arterial wall a new mechanical support. This new device has been implanted in 12 experimental dogs in arteries of different size and lumen. The longest patency rate of nine months was observed with the completely developed method.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1982

Effects of the tocolytic agent fenoterol on body weight, urine excretion, blood hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum protein, and electrolyte levels in nonpregnant rabbits.

Infusion of an isotonic solution and increasing doses of the beta 2-sympathomimetic agonist fenoterol (0.6, 20, or 80 micrograms/kg/min) into female rabbits led to a reduction in urine excretion and a concomitant dose-dependent increase in body weight. Although an infusion at 2.5 ml/hr of an isotonic solution that contained 0.6 or 20 micrograms/kg/min of fenoterol did not significantly change the hematocrit, hemoglobin, or serum protein levels, they were significantly decreased by a similar infusion that contained 80 micrograms/kg/min of fenoterol and by giving 20 ml/hr of an isotonic solution that contained 0.6, 20 or 80 micrograms/kg/min of fenoterol. The central venous pressure remained unchanged in animals that received 2.5 ml/hr of an isotonic solution alone or in combination with 0.6 to 80 micrograms/kg/min of fenoterol. It was significantly elevated in animals treated with 30 ml/hr at similar doses. These data support our hypothesis that the development of pulmonary edema which has been reported with the use of tocolytic therapy is mainly due to hypervolemia related to the antidiuretic effect of the beta 2-sympathomimetics. The intravascular hypervolemia leads to an increased fluid content of the lung and may explain the development of pulmonary edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Fenoterol-induced changes of urine excretion, body weight, blood hematocrit, hemoglobin, total protein values and serum electrolyte levels in pregnant rabbits.

Infusion of the beta 2-sympathomimetic agonist fenoterol into pregnant rabbits at a dose of 20 micrograms/kg/min + 2.5 or 30 ml/h isotonic solution significantly reduced urine excretion. Body weight changes of animals infused with 20 micrograms/kg/min fenoterol + 2.5 or 30 ml/h isotonic solution were inversely correlated to the reduction of urine excretion. The urinary potassium excretion per 24 h was not significantly altered after the infusion of fenoterol + 2.5 or 30 ml/h isotonic solution. On the other hand, the urinary sodium excretion per 24 h was significantly decreased in animals infused with 20 micrograms/kg/min fenoterol + 30 ml/h isotonic solution. Infusion of 20 micrograms/kg/min fenoterol + 2.5 ml/h isotonic solution did not significantly change hematocrit, hemoglobin or total protein values. In contrast, increasing the volume of isotonic solution to 30 ml/h resulted in significantly decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin and total protein levels at 6, 12 and 24 h after starting infusion. Serum potassium concentrations were reduced at 2-24 h after infusion of 20 micrograms/kg/min fenoterol + 2.5 or 30 ml/h isotonic solution was started. The serum sodium concentrations did not change significantly during the infusion of 20 micrograms/kg/min fenoterol + 2.5 or 30 ml/h isotonic solution. While in animals infused with isotonic solution alone or with 20 micrograms/kg/min fenoterol + 2.5 ml/h isotonic solution the central venous pressure did not change significantly, it was strongly increased in animals infused with 20 micrograms/kg/min fenoterol + 30 ml/h isotonic solution at 12-24 h after start of infusion. The results of this study are discussed with respect to those obtained from pregnant women under tocolytic therapy and to the possible pathomechanism of the development of pulmonary edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Survival rate of patients with choroidal melanoma.

A follow-up examination of 214 patients suffering from choroidal melanoma is reported. The frequency of this tumor turns out to be higher in males than in females. There is an increase of relative frequency with age in both female and male patients. The death rate from proven metastases was 34.2% within 5 years. Spindle cell melanomas yield an 85% chance of 5-year survival. Only about 53% of all patients with epithelioid cell melanoma will survive for 5 years. 71% of all patients who died had metastic tumors mainly in liver, bones, and lungs. Most of them had had an epithelioid cell melanoma.

Adolescent↗