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Biomedical subjects

B Dennis

Publications and source records attributed to B Dennis.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Hemodynamic and endocrine effects of mental stress in untreated borderline hypertension.

Mental arithmetic and mirror tracing were compared in 40 untreated patients with borderline hypertension, tested in random sequence in standardized protocols. Both tasks significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, plasma renin, and decreased peripheral resistance. Mental arithmetic also increased cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL; plasma catecholamines were not changed significantly. Lipid changes were correlated with blood pressure changes. These methods will be useful in exploring the relationships between hemodynamic reactivity to stress, and the presence and progression of atherosclerosis, as well as testing the effects of antihypertensive drugs on stress-induced changes that may influence atherosclerotic complications of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolality contrast media.

Nephrotoxicity of radio-opaque contrast media (CM) is generally believed to involve toxic injury of proximal tubular cells. Measurement of urinary tubular enzyme excretion has been advocated as a sensitive marker of such toxic injury. It has been claimed that the new low-osmolality or nonionic CM reduce the incidence of nephrotoxicity but this remains uncertain. We studied 23 patients with normal renal function undergoing coronary angiography; patients were randomized into three groups receiving either diatrizoate (1,800 mmol/kg H2O), ioxaglate (600 mmol/kg H2O) or iohexol (850 mmol/kg H2O). Urinary excretion of a panel of enzymes increased significantly in all groups by 20 h (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.005). Alanine aminopeptidase excretion at 20 h was greater after the administration of high osmolality ionic CM than with the others but all three CM produced a similar pattern of enzyme excretion. No significant change in glomerular filtration rate was found in any group so the significance of the enzymuria remains uncertain.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Food choices among white adolescents: the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study.

Food groups have been widely used in nutrition education but relatively few studies have employed food groups to interpret dietary intake. The 24-h dietary recalls of 534 male and 476 female adolescents, aged 10-19 yr, were analyzed using a food grouping scheme. Foods were grouped with emphasis placed on fats and carbohydrates. Frequency of use and contribution of food groups to the macronutrients were determined. When nutrient intake was analyzed as a percentage of total calories, both males and females were found to have similar profiles. More than 60% of each macronutrient was contributed by combinations of three major food groups. The meat/fish/poultry, milk/cheese/yogurt, and bread/cereal products food groups contributed 81.2% of the protein; milk/cheese/yogurt, bread/cereal products and sweets accounted for 63.0% of the carbohydrate intake; and 74.3% of the dietary fat consumption was attributable to the meat/fish/poultry, milk/cheese/yogurt, and fats food groups. There were no notable differences in the food groups used by males and females. However, differences between the sexes emerged when nutrient intakes as a percentage of calories were stratified and food group usage was investigated. Food groups associated with macronutrients that are believed to affect health status have been identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The NHLBI nutrition data system.

A standardized system for the collection and processing of dietary information in large-scale studies is described. Components of the system include interviewer and coder training, certification and continuing education, automated procedures for identifying and quantitating fat, guides for classifying and quantitating foods, system maintenance and quality control procedures, and a food table containing about 800 food items and 450 recipe items. The system is flexible enough to respond to market changes in formulation. Unique automated features make the system particularly useful in identifying and quantitating different dietary fats. These features could be modified to meet nutritional demands of other studies.

Cholesterol, Dietary↗
PubMed1979

A study of olfaction and gustatory senses in sheep after olfactory bulbectomy.

The importance of taste and smell in discrimination of sodium salts was examined in normal and anosmic sheep. To test for anosmia, faeces of pig, calf and sheep were used as noxious odours. Intact sheep, and sheep with one olfactory bulb removed avoided the aversive stimulus whereas following total bulbectomy, the faecal odour was no longer a deterrent. Olfactory bulbectomy did not affect food intake but changes in fluid intake, urinary loss and electrolyte excretion were apparent. In two-choice preference tests, normal sheep showed a marked aversion for 0.48 M NaHCO3 and 0.51 M NaCl when compared to water. Following either unilateral or bilateral olfactory bulbectomy the aversion for sodium salts persisted but was less extreme. This suggests that in the final discrimination of sodium salts the sense of taste is dominant but olfaction or the olfactory bulb may have a minor role.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Heparin neutralizing activity in patients with renal disease on maintenance haemodialysis.

Heparin neutralizing activity (HNA) was increased in plasma of patients with end-stage renal disease treated by maintenance haemodialysis. It was not raised in non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure, nor in patients with normal renal function who had been exposed to the extracorporeal circulation of the heart-lung bypass 48--72 hr before testing. It is postulated that the trauma of extracorporeal circulation causes platelets to release HNA which is not cleared by the dialysis membranes of the artificial kidney but is by the human kidney. This may have therapeutic implications for heparin dosage schedules during haemodialysis.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1978

Ristocetin and the thrombin clotting time.

The addition of the antibiotic ristocetin to plasma accelerated the thrombin clotting time (TCT) in 20 out of 22 subjects. Prior incubation of ristocetin with thrombin or plasma did not alter its effect on the TCT. Ristocetin accelerated clotting greatly at low but not at high levels of thrombin. A simple linear correlation between heparin concentrations and the TCT was demonstrated when ristocetin at 2.5 mg per ml was added to plasma containing between 0.05 and 0.5 unit of heparin per ml. There are implications for assay procedures involving heparin and the TCT.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1976

[Quantatitative evaluation of food consumption in epidemiological studies of cardiovascular diseases].

On the basis of a brief calculation technique for foodstuffs a chart of the chemical composition of food was compiled, in which the most popular foodstuffs were averaged and classified according to their chemical similarity into 12 groups and 162 items. To check the correctness of the selection of the averaged units 21 males, aged 40 to 59 years, were questioned. The obtained data on the whole food consumed on the preceeding day were calculated in two variants: with the brief variant of calculations the averaged foodstuffs were used in accordance with the devised chart, with the long-term method the used data were retrieved from the available tables of the chemical composition of each product individually. A comparison of the results of calculations of the 21 daily rations obtained with the aid of the above two methods has demonstrated that the differences were absolutely negligible for total lipids, saturated, mono- and polynonsaturated fatty acids, total carbohydrates, refined and nonrefined sugar, compound carbohydrates, alcohol and the total caloric content of the food. The difference was meaningful for the total protein and cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancing scholarship and community service in historically black colleges and universities.

A project designed to enhance scholarship and community service at Historically Black College and University nursing programs was conducted. The project outcomes and unique opportunities from these experiences are described. The discussion centers on how 2 schools and individual participants used their experiences to enhance their professional development, provide education and opportunities to minority student nurses, and participate in community service in predominantly African American communities.

Black or African American↗