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Biomedical subjects

B Davis

Publications and source records attributed to B Davis.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Rationale for tobacco cessation interventions for youth.

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Four of every five persons who use tobacco begin before they reach adulthood; more than 3,000 young persons begin smoking each day. In addition, smoking is addictive-three of four teenagers who smoke have made at least one serious, yet unsuccessful, effort to quit. The importance of tobacco use cessation programs for youth is addressed in Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives and in recently passed legislation related to the Goals 2000 National Education Goals. CDC's Guidelines for School Health Programs to Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction states that tobacco cessation programs are needed to help young persons who already use tobacco. In 1994, both the Surgeon General's Report, Preventing Tobacco Use among Young People, and the Institute of Medicine's report, Growing Up Tobacco Free, indicated that there were very few effective cessation programs for youth and that more research is needed in this area. This project convened experts to provide recommendations on the design of a tobacco cessation intervention for youth, including helping pregnant teenagers who smoke to stop. This program is based on effective adult cessation programs with modifications relevant to adolescent development. During the first year the major foundational work for this project was accomplished. A database of key contacts and other related interventions in tobacco cessation for youth was developed, a review and analysis of prevalence and trends in adolescent smoking were conducted, and a cooperative agreement with the American Medical Association was established to complete the design, implementation, and evaluation of an effective tobacco cessation program for youth. During the second project year, this program was tested through quasi-experimental research at various school-based health clinics throughout the country. The third year involved follow-up data collection and program modification based on the results. Plans for dissemination of the intervention to youth-serving agencies across the nation will be developed. This is a 3-year project.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Method for reliably recording geniculate spikes during paradoxical sleep in the cat.

A simple procedure is described which allows an investigator to implant electrodes which will reliably record phasic spikes in the lateral geniculate nucleus during paradoxical sleep. This procedure relies on recording photically evoked activity during the implantation of the geniculate electrode and the fact that the distribution of such activity and phasic spikes during paradoxical sleep overlap within the lateral geniculate nucleus. The largest geniculate spikes were recorded during paradoxical sleep when an electrode recorded a large initially positive photically evoked potential and was positioned in the optic tract just ventral to the lateral geniculate nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Canal atresia reconstruction with dental school impression material.

Medium-density viscosity dental impression material has recently been used after repair of an atretic canal to stent open the newly created external auditory canal for 2 weeks, followed by a hard acrylic stent. This may provide more benefits than traditional packing, but caution must still be used. We recently have used the dental impression material to help in the reconstruction of seven ear canals. The medium-viscosity impression material hardens quickly and provides a solid, nonmobile stent, which usually pulls out without difficulty. The stent that is removed may then be used by our prosthodontist to fashion a hard, acrylic, removable stent to be worn for the next few months. This hard stent is used to prevent further stenosis. As with any technique, complications may arise and, through experience, common mistakes that can hinder a good outcome can be avoided. We will report six cases with illustrated tips on how to avoid complications when using this technique.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-function of a Moloney murine leukaemia virus regulatory sequence in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells.

Moloney murine leukaemia virus (M-MuLV) infection of embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells results in the integration of proviral DNA into the host cell genome, but not in virus production. One suggested explanation for the lack of viral gene expression in EC cells has been methylation of the integrated viral DNA. However, subsequent reports indicated that integration of the M-MuLV DNA occurs soon after infection, but that viral DNA methylation occurs considerably later. Nevertheless, viral gene expression is not observed even at early times. One possible explanation is that certain M-MuLV regulatory sequences do not function in EC cells. We now present evidence which supports this hypothesis.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suppression of leukaemia virus pathogenicity by polyoma virus enhancers.

The long terminal repeats (LTRs) of retroviruses contain sequences necessary for the initiation and termination of retroviral transcription. These sequences include promoter elements, transcriptional termination signals and transcriptional enhancer elements. The enhancer elements of Moloney murine leukaemia virus (M-MuLV) are localized in a tandemly repeated region (approximately 75 base pairs (bp) long), which lies 5' to the CAT and TATA promoter elements in the U3 region of the LTR (see Fig. 1). We have shown that the tandem repeats are required both for LTR promoter activity, as measured by transient expression assays, and for biological activity, as measured by production of infectious virus. Furthermore, they can be replaced by transcriptional enhancers from the F101 host-range mutant of polyoma virus without loss of function. We report here that the addition of the polyoma (PyF101) enhancers to the M-MuLV LTRs (either with or without the M-MuLV tandem repeats) results in complete loss of viral leukaemogenicity, even though the virus can replicate to high titres in tissue culture fibroblasts and can establish infection in animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survey of distance technology use in AACN member schools.

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing surveyed its members by using a 104-item instrument to determine the state of the art in distance technology use. Survey results indicated a recent acceleration of course offerings through distance technology at all levels of nursing education. The most cited reason for this was to improve access to nursing education. Resources for distance technology tended to reside in public, rather than private, institutions. Trends were for greater use of video and computer-based technologies. Although technology use is increasing, computers and other technologies are not used in the didactic or clinical educational experience in many schools. Areas for further evaluation are identified.

Education, Distance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How to start or improve your public relations program--without a large budget.

Many hospitals do not have a formal public relations program because they think they can't afford one. If your average gross revenue is only $400 per patient day and your public relations program increases your average census by only one, the results are $146,000 per year in increased gross revenue! The question should be; "Can we afford not to have a formal public relations program?"

Budgets↗