Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Davies

Publications and source records attributed to B Davies.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Support and caring: exploring the concepts.

In their article "Dimensions of the Supportive Role of the Nurse in Palliative Care" (ONF 17:87-94, 1990), the authors used a grounded-theory approach based on the actual experiences of an expert nurse in supportive care. In this article, the authors relate their concepts of support to existing nursing theory and to previous clinical research in both support and caring. Justification for the dimensions of the model was found in the nursing literature. However, distinguishing support and caring as concepts was difficult.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Eating disorders in young adults with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of clinical eating disorders and lesser degrees of disturbed eating in young adults with insulin dependent diabetes and a matched sample of non-diabetic female controls. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey of eating habits and attitudes in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. SETTING: Outpatient clinic catering for young adults with diabetes; community sample of non-diabetic women drawn from the lists of two general practices. SUBJECTS: 100 patients with insulin dependent diabetes (54 women and 46 men) aged 17-25 and 67 non-diabetic women of the same age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eating habits and eating disorder psychopathology were assessed by standardised research interview adapted for the assessment of patients with diabetes (eating disorder examination). Glycaemic control was assessed by glycated haemoglobin assay. RESULTS: In both non-diabetic and diabetic women disturbed eating was common, and in diabetic women the degree of disturbance was related to control of glycaemia. Twenty of the diabetic women (37%) had omitted or underused insulin to influence their weight. This behaviour was not restricted to those with a clinical eating disorder. None of the men showed any features of eating disorders, and none had misused insulin to influence their weight. CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence that clinical eating disorders are more prevalent in young women with diabetes than in non-diabetic women. Nevertheless, disturbed eating is common and is associated with poor control of glycaemia, and the misuse of insulin to influence body weight is also common in young women with diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Psychiatric morbidity in young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Psychiatric disorder and sub-threshold psychological distress were more common in 113 young men and women with insulin-dependent diabetes living in a defined area than in comparable general population samples. Twelve per cent of men and 19% of women were classified by the PSE as psychiatric 'cases'. Forty per cent of women and 47% of men reported at least one major social problem; effects of diabetes on everyday activities were common. There were associations between medical and social variables. The clinical implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The role of lidocaine, epinephrine, and flap elevation in wound healing after chemical peel.

We have observed 5 patients with hypertrophic scarring at the lateral boundaries of the chemically peeled area when circumoral peel was combined with facial rhytidectomy. Some of the potential contributory factors include flap elevation, epinephrine, and lidocaine hydrochloride. To discover whether any one of these three factors or a combination played a role, a rat model study was designed. Initially, 40, 400-gm Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, each comprised by 10 rats. Injections with lidocaine or lidocaine with epinephrine, and chemical peel were done in 2 groups. The same injections were used in the remaining 2 groups together with simultaneous preliminary flap elevations and chemical peeling. After the review of the initial study results, another 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were used to repeat the study and compare on a larger scale the effects of lidocaine with and without epinephrine on the depth of chemical peel. The findings of the rat model studies indicate that preliminary injections with lidocaine containing solution (with or without epinephrine) result in a major delay in healing time. Flap elevation and chemical peeling were associated with major morbidity and mortality in the test rats. The presence of epinephrine in lidocaine solution had no significant role in increasing the delay in the healing process.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Palliative care. The nurse's role in helping families through the transition of "fading away".

Oncology nurses are finding themselves increasingly involved in providing palliative care. A foundational tenet of palliative care is that the entire family, not just the patient, is the unit of care. Although nursing literature on care of the family is growing, nursing approaches tend to be described in general terms. A recent study of families caring for a member with advanced cancer generated a theoretic scheme which indicated that the families' experience could be conceptualized as a transition: the transition of fading away. This theoretic scheme served as the foundation for identifying nursing approaches which could be helpful to families engaged in the transition. This paper expands on the nursing approaches so that nurses may be better prepared to help families through the transition of fading away.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Identifying the referents of spoken messages: use of context and clarification requests by children with and without mental retardation.

The ability of children with mental retardation and of children without mental retardation matched to them on nonverbal MA to use (a) contextual information and (b) clarification requests to resolve referential ambiguity was evaluated. Each child pretended to be a storekeeper and responded to an adult customer's ambiguous requests. The context disambiguated the request in some cases, but not in others. Both groups of children selected the appropriate referent when the context was informative. Only the children without mental retardation appropriately requested clarification when the context was uninformative. Referential performance was not related to their receptive language level or nonverbal MAs.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Do parental questions and topic continuations elicit replies from developmentally delayed children? A sequential analysis.

This sequential analysis tested the relative extent to which several adult utterance types elicited conversational replies from developmentally delayed children. Eight developmentally delayed children in Brown's stages I and II and their primary parents were the subjects. Parent-child pairs were video and audio taped during their interactions with experimenter-provided toys in a lab setting. Transcripts of the interactions were coded for adult topic relatedness and obligation level and for child topic relatedness, length, and intelligibility. The results indicated that child replies of any length were elicited by adult topic continuations more than by any other adult utterance type. If a new topic was initiated, explicit prompts for child talk elicited child replies more than other adult utterance types. Multiword child replies were most likely to be elicited by explicit prompts that continued the child's topic. Child effects on the presence and effectiveness of adult conversational recruiting strategies were also tested.

Child↗
PubMed1990

The work of patients and spouses in managing advanced cancer at home.

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a descriptive study which identified the resources used by patients with advanced cancer and their spouses to manage at home. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with a sample of seven couples identified through two ambulatory clinics at a regional cancer institute. Participants were patients with advanced cancer, between the ages of 45 and 66, and their spouses. Interviews, conducted with each individual and with each couple, were audiotaped, transcribed, and subjected to qualitative analysis. Content analysis showed that patients and spouses utilized internal and external resources, and that external resources were either physical or interpersonal in nature. Conceptual analysis indicated that both patients and spouses dealt with facing either inevitable or uncertain death by engaging in various types of "work." Understanding the dimensions of such work has implications for health care professionals caring for patients and families in palliative care.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Families in supportive care--Part I: The transition of fading away: the nature of the transition.

The entire family unit is affected when one of its members is in need of supportive care; however, relatively few studies pertaining to palliative care have focused on the family as a unit. The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of families having a member with advanced cancer who was receiving palliative care either at home or in the hospital. Eight families (24 family members) participated in semistructured interviews which were audiotaped, transcribed, and subjected to qualitative methods of analysis. Results indicated that the families' experience can be conceptualized as a transition of fading away. The transition began with an ending, characterized by the processes of redefining and dealing with burden. A period of chaos, confusion, fear, and uncertainty characterized the neutral zone. The end point of the transition was a new beginning where families focused on living day-to-day and preparing for death.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Families in supportive care--Part II: Palliative care at home: a viable care setting.

The growth of various palliative care programs is continuing. The family unit is affected by the need for palliative care in one family member. It is critical, therefore, to know what models of palliative care are preferred by families who are experiencing the need for such services. Content analysis of in-depth interviews with eight families (24 members) indicated that families preferred palliative care at home over care in any institution. Five interrelated concepts explained this preference. The ability of families to realize their preference was dependent upon four factors. These concepts and factors are discussed, focusing on resultant implications for practice.

Family↗
PubMed1990

Vasopressin and plasma volume response to submaximal and maximal exercise in man.

Plasma arginine vasopressin (PAVP), plasma volume loss (PVL) and blood lactic acid (LA) responses to submaximal exercise were examined in 16 normal, healthy individuals. Subjects volunteered to participate in three experiments conducted at the same time of day (9 am) with 7 days intervening between tests. Venous blood was removed before and immediately after 15 min exercise at 40% and 70% VO2max, and before and after 100% VO2max which lasted for 14.3 +/- 1.4 mins (mean +/- SD). The resting mean values of PAVP were similar on the three testing occasions (p greater than 0.05). PAVP rose significantly (p less than 0.05) to all exercise treatments and exhibited an exercise-intensity related response. Similarly, PVL (calculated from changes in haematocrit) and LA responses to exercise were increased with increasing workload. No direct relationship was found between PAVP changes and PVL or LA responses to submaximal exercise (p greater than 0.05). These results suggest that (a) PAVP levels increase to exercise with a response related to exercise intensity; (b) the stimuli generated directly or indirectly to exercise may be one of many factors causing an increase in PAVP.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Excellence.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Clinical Competence↗