Identification of mec-related oxacillin resistance in staphylococci by the Etest.
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Genes, Bacterial↗
Biomedical subjects
B Davies
Publications and source records attributed to B Davies.
Evaluation of a fetal monitoring education program.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a fetal monitoring education program in increasing nurses' knowledge and clinical skills. DESIGN: Multicenter randomized control trial. SETTING: Twelve hospitals in eastern Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred nine volunteer registered nurses randomly assigned, within each hospital, to an experimental (n = 47) or control (n = 62) group. Ninety-six nurses (40 in the experimental group and 56 in the control group) completed the 6-month follow-up (88% retention). INTERVENTIONS: The experimental group participated in a 1-day fetal monitoring workshop and a review session 6 months later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Performance on a 45-item knowledge test and a 25-item skills checklist. The passing score was at least 75% correct on each test. RESULTS: The percentage of nurses in the experimental group passing both the knowledge and the clinical skills tests after the workshop was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of the nurses in the control group: 68.1% versus 6.5%, respectively. A large difference between the groups remained at the 6-month follow-up (experimental, 45%; control, 6.5%). The performance of the nurses in the experimental group improved to an 85% pass rate after they attended the 6-month review session. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive, research-based program is effective in increasing fetal monitoring knowledge and clinical skills.
Analysis of Variance↗
A survey of dental airlines and an examination of tooth-drying techniques.
The aims of this study were: 1. To assess the prevalence and severity of water and oil contamination in 20 dental airlines in clinical use, using a commercial test kit, LP Aerotest. 2. To determine the effect, in vitro, of such contamination on the shear bond strengths to etched bovine enamel, of composite resin and a dedicated bonding agent. The enamel was dried using either an oil-and-water-contaminated 3-in-1 syringe, a warm-air tooth-dryer, silica gel-dried air or blotting paper, prior to bonding. A total of 11 (5 mm diameter) composite discs were bonded in each group. The samples were shear tested 72 hours later at a cross-head speed of 50 mm/min. All airlines had > 100 mg/m3 water and traces of oil (< 0.5 mg/m3) were present in 50% of samples. The mean shear bond strengths (MPa) for the 3-in-1 syringe, tooth-dryer, dried air and blotting paper-dried teeth were 14.5 +/- 3.8, 19.0 +/- 2.6, 19.6 +/- 4.2 and 19.7 +/- 1.9 respectively. The differences between the values for the tooth dryer, dry air and blotting paper were not significant (P > 0.01) but a significant difference (P < 0.01) was observed between these and the 3-in-1 syringe.
Air↗
Canuck place: a hospice for dying children.
Parents will never face a more stressful event than the news that their child will die. A child's terminal illness challenges every belief, emotion and dream that a parent has. In addition to the emotional drain, caring for a dying child is physically exhausting. Moreover, the child's illness affects the lives of all brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles and grandparents. The care of these children and their families demands a holistic program of services, including physical and emotional support, as well as tangible ways to relieve parents from the continuous 24-hour care of their child. And after the child has died, the emotional support must continue as families learn to face life without their child.
Child↗
Challenges in identifying children for palliative care.
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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
The L19 ribosomal protein gene (RPL19): gene organization, chromosomal mapping, and novel promoter region.
The intron-containing genes encoding rat and human ribosomal protein L19 (RPL19) have been cloned. The DNA sequences of the entire rat RPL19 gene and the 5' end of the human RPL19 gene have been determined. Sequence comparison of corresponding regions of the two genes reveals a striking interspecies homology in the 5' upstream region, outside the transcribed and coding regions. The transcriptional start sites of the two genes have been determined and are identical. Both rat and human RPL19 genes have 5' ends associated with CpG islands. A promoter deletion analysis of the rat RPL19 gene suggests that this promoter may differ from those of all previously characterized ribosomal protein genes in requiring far upstream sequences for efficient gene expression. By fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, the position of the human RPL19 gene has been sublocalized to 17q11 and may be coamplified with the erbB-2 gene in human breast cancer cells. The similarities and differences between RPL19 and other previously characterized ribosomal protein genes are discussed.
Animals↗
Implementation of the CNS role in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
The CNS as an advanced practitioner contributes significantly to the provision of comprehensive patient care services. Development and implementation of the CNS role are complex processes. This study was designed to describe the experience of practicing CNSs in various health care agencies in the Lower Mainland (the geographic region of British Columbia, Canada, comprising Vancouver and adjacent communities). Major themes emphasize the complex interplay of role ambiguity, organizational structure, and administrative support in facilitating and/or impeding the CNS role implementation process.
British Columbia↗
Clarification of advanced nursing practice: characteristics and competencies.
Although the term advanced nursing practice has been used extensively to describe the practice of the CNS, it is difficult to find a clear definition of the term. The role has been articulated as a constellation of subroles: clinician, educator, researcher, and consultant. However, describing various subroles does not capture the broader picture of the CNS's contribution to health care delivery. This has lead to discussions among faculty of one university regarding the need to clarify advanced nursing practice as the first step in redesigning the educational preparation for the CNS as an advanced nurse practitioner. In this article, an overview of advanced practice is provided, differences in practice levels are discussed, and characteristics and competencies inherent to advanced nursing practice are delineated. How these characteristics and competencies interact to present a picture of advanced nursing practice is illustrated in a case study.
Aged↗
Microsurgical forehead reconstruction: an aesthetic approach.
Satisfactory forehead reconstruction can be accomplished by microsurgical free tissue transfer. Basic principles of forehead resurfacing include: (1) replacement with similar quality soft tissue as a well-defined complete aesthetic unit, (2) establishment of the hairline 5-6 cm above the eyebrows, and (3) use of adjunctive procedures to enhance the aesthetic result. We have found the radial forearm flap and the groin flap to be excellent flaps for achieving this goal.
Adult↗
A physical conditioning program does not alter fibrinogen concentration in young healthy subjects.
Twenty five subjects were divided into experimental (N = 13, 7 male and 6 female, age 32.1 +/- 6.4 yr) and control groups (N = 12, 6 male and 6 female, age 33.4 +/- 5.4 yr) in order to examine the effect of a conditioning program on fibrinogen concentration. Before and after conditioning, VO2max was determined in all subjects. The experimental group (E) exercised for 30 min, 3 d.wk-1 for 12 wk at 70% (initial 6 wk) and 80% (latter 6 wk) of maximum heart rate. The control group (C) maintained normal activity pattern. After conditioning, subjects in E, but not in C, increased (P < 0.001) their VO2max. Resting fibrinogen concentrations (RFC) before conditioning were similar between the two groups, and demonstrated no change in the C group (242.9 +/- 40.3 mg.dl-1 vs 247.4 +/- 38.7 mg.dl-1, P > 0.05) after conditioning. Although RFC showed a 6% decrease in the E group post conditioning (249.1 +/- 21.5 mg.dl-1 vs 236.4 +/- 34.6 mg.dl-1), this decrease was not significant (P > 0.05). A significant increase (P < 0.05) in fibrinogen concentrations were observed after maximal exercise in both groups pre and post conditioning; however, this increase disappeared (P > 0.05) when data were corrected for hemoconcentration. These results suggest that after conditioning the 6% decrease in RFC was not statistically significant, but the possibility of Type II error is high.
Adult↗
Windows on the family.
Events in the last few decades have resulted in major changes in the structure of families and in the roles and relationships of family members. As nurses, we deal with the stress-related problems resulting from these changes, and as family roles change, so too do our nursing actions. But exactly what these changes are and how they have affected the family vary according to the perspective of the viewer.
Adult↗
Central melatonin binding sites in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss).
A combination of in vitro autoradiography and membrane homogenate receptor assays has been used to localize and characterized 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding sites in the brain of the rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). Specific 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding, defined as that displaced by 1 microM melatonin, increased linearly with increasing protein concentration in membrane homogenates of whole trout brain. Specific binding was both time and temperature dependent and reversible in the presence of 1 microM melatonin. Binding was saturable at between 100-150 pM 2-[125I]iodomelatonin and Scatchard analysis of saturation isotherms revealed a dissociation constant (Kd) of 15.00 +/- 0.95 pM and a maximum receptor number (Bmax) of 42.35 +/- 2.70 fm/mg protein (n = 16). Addition of 10(-4) M GTP gamma S (an analogue of guanosine triphosphate) to saturation isotherms apparently reduced the Bmax by 75% on average with no apparent change in the affinity of the binding. Scatchard analysis of saturation isotherms generated from whole brain membrane homogenates of trout kept on long days (15 hr light:9 hr dark) and killed either during the midlight or middark phase showed no significant differences in either the Kd or the Bmax of 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding, although a robust rhythm in melatonin concentration was confirmed in these fish. Displacement of 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding with increasing concentrations of competing ligands gave an order of potency of 2-iodomelatonin > melatonin >> 5-HT. Localization of specific central 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding in the rainbow trout showed high levels of binding associated with neuronal areas involved in the processing of visual signals, particularly the optic tectum and nucleus rotundus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Control of floral organ identity by homeotic MADS-box transcription factors.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
British home and community care: research-based critiques and the challenge of the new policy.
The policy of the British central government is among the most coherent and pervasive of those in countries at the leading edge of reform. One perspective is its attempt to match resources to needs. Starting from a summary of the official statement of the logic of the policy and the way in which it reflected policy critiques of the previous decade in Section 1, Section 2 reviews the propositions of the arguments of the mid-1980s in the light of results of research on the nature and causes of patterns of resources, needs and outcomes and their interrelationships, particularly the results of a stream of 'production of welfare' studies focused on who gets what resources and with what effects. Evidence shows that applying some of the assumptions of the new policy dramatically changes the basis for judging the degree to which a cost-effective targeting of resources to needs could in principle be accomplished within the then level of public funding of the services. It shows a higher degree of consistency of allocations than some of the criticisms had implied, but the evidence did not allow a rejection of the proposition that allocations were biased against some kinds of potential beneficiary. Discussing the proposition that community-based services had a low impact on the probabilities of unwanted and inappropriate admission to institutions for long-term care, the evidence shows that low proportions of recipients were subsequently admitted; that as a consequence of assumptions and processes which have been extensively researched, the cost of care in the community approached cost of care in institutions for too few persons for the resources to have been most effectively used to make admission unnecessary, so that resources have not been focused on those for whom the impact is greatest; that generally, providing more rather than less service tended to have a small impact on the probability of admission to institutions. Section 3 discusses what changes in the relations between resources needs and outcomes will be necessary, and what the results of evaluated new models suggest about how to achieve them, discussing the improvement of targeting and increasing the impact of resources on outcomes in the context of the logic and results of care management experiments in the U.K., the U.S.A. and elsewhere, concluding that there is a need to adopt longer time horizons in the implementation of the new policy.
Aged↗
Effect of adult continuing wh-questions on conversational participation in children with developmental disabilities.
Children with developmental disabilities often converse less frequently than their developmentally matched peers. This low conversational participation can cause problems for the children's future language and discourse development. The purpose of this experimental study was to test the hypothesis that adult topic-continuing wh-questions would elicit topic continuations in children with relatively low language ability, but not in children with relatively high language ability. Twenty-three children with developmental delays interacted with an adult who conducted two play sessions. In each session, the adult used a different interaction style. The two styles differed in the adult's use of topic-continuing wh-questions. Results indicate that adult use of topic-continuing wh-questions supported the use of child continuations in children at all language levels. The type of continuations (single word versus multiword) that were elicited depended on the language level of the children. Clinical implications are discussed.
Adult↗
Development and implementation of delivery and quality control system for cellular therapies: experience in 500 patients.
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Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
Family functioning and its implications for palliative care.
Palliative care programs are based on the principle that care should be directed to the family as a unit. However, existing guidelines for care of the family tend to be described in general terms. Analysis of data from a series of three research studies describing the experience of twenty-three families caring for a terminally ill member revealed that family functioning influenced their experience. The dimensions of family functioning are described and guidelines for working with families are proposed.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Adult interaction style effects on the language sampling and transcription process with children who have development disabilities.
A determination was made of whether an empirically derived interaction style improves the usefulness of the language sampling and transcription in 17 children with developmental disabilities in Brown's (1973) Stages I and II. Whether the interaction style affected the diversity and complexity of the language the children produced during the samples was also examined. All subjects experienced two 20-minute interaction sessions that differed according to whether topic-continuing wh-questions were used. Results indicated that, regardless of order of exposure to the styles, children talked more often and produced proportionally more transcribable utterances. In addition, they produced a larger sample of productive vocabulary in the style using topic-continuing wh-questions. There were no style effects on vocabulary diversity or length of utterance. The importance of using interaction styles that maximize the information available from language samples of young children with disabilities was discussed.
Adult↗