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Biomedical subjects

B Dautzenberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Dautzenberg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Current aspects of bronchial tuberculosis].

The authors report a retrospective study of 34 cases of bronchial tuberculosis observed between 1981 and 1985 with precise endoscopic and histological data. Analysis of the population showed a male predominance (71 p. 100) and a high incidence of black Africans (54 p. 100), much higher than that observed in the general population of tuberculosis in our department (20 p. 100 of black Africans). Three groups of patients were identified with respect to age: group I, 23 patients aged 18 to 32 years; 22 of these patients were black Africans (98 p. 100) with primary tuberculosis; group II, 4 patients aged between 44 and 56: all were immunocompromised; group III, 7 patients over 65 years of age with reinfections: 6 of these 7 patients were French nationals. Apart from the specific problem of immunodepression observed in group II, two distinct features were identified: the primary lympho-bronchial infection of the young African and tuberculous bronchial reinfection of European women over of the age of 65.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Routine use of 6-month antitubercular treatment in 300 patients].

Over a 2-year period, all patients with incipient tuberculosis seen in a hospital unit were given a 6-month treatment consisting of rifampicine, isoniazide, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. A retrospective study of these 300 patients showed that the treatment was effective, with no failure if taken for more than 2 months. Relapses were rare when the drugs were taken regularly, the responsible M. tuberculosis strain was sensitive, and there was no associated malignancy (present in 1.4% of the cases). The drugs were moderately well tolerated, and treatment had to be modified because of side-effects in 4.6% of the patients. It also appeared that 57% of the patients fully complied with the prescription, and 16% were lost sight of by the hospital unit. Treatment was altered in 36% of the cases, but in 16% changes were introduced by private doctors for reasons which retrospectively proved to be without medical grounds. It is concluded that this 6-month chemotherapeutic regimen was effective in more than 98% of the cases, and that the main problem in management of tuberculosis is the patient's compliance with treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Assessment of the quality of life of cancer patients. The preliminary applications to advanced bronchial cancers].

So far there is no good evidence that chemotherapy improves survival in non small cell lung cancer. Reports of randomized trials testing chemotherapy versus supportive treatment alone are very few. In recent years, more and more emphasis has been put on the quality of life for cancer patients. Subjective tests such as Anamnestic comparative self Assessment (A.C.S.A. test, Dr. Bernheim) were designed as well as objective ones, using different types of self evaluation. However very few studies have been focused on this aspect in patients with non small cell lung cancer. Therefore the G.E.T.C.B. (Groupe d'Etude et de Traitement des Cancers Bronchiques) decided to initiate a cooperative randomized trial (02 CB 84) in metastatic epidermoid and large cell bronchus carcinoma, in order to test the potential benefit from chemotherapy in these tumors and how it affects the quality of live. In this trial, C.O.P.A.C. combination (Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Cis-Platinum, Adriamycin and CCNU) is randomized versus no chemotherapy. The quality of life is assessed monthly on the one hand by a modified A.C.S.A. test performed by a physician and on the other hand by a question list given to the patient. This question list attempts to evaluate the impact of disease as a reference point. Finally protocol 02 CB 84 (activated in 05/84) may give information about the effect of chemotherapy on both survival and quality of life.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

[Evolution of the resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (1980-1984)].

From January 1980 to December 1984, 563 swabs for Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated at the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital in Paris, and of these 63 were resistant to erythromycin. The percentage of swabs resistant to erythromycin rose from 2.7% in 1980 to 19.6% in 1984 and was similar for cultures of blood, serous fluid, bronchial secretions, otolaryngological specimens and smears from the conjunction. For swabs resistant to erythromycin these belonged almost exclusively (57 out of 60 or 90%) to the serotypes 6, 14, 19 and 23; one may ask whether the rise in resistance of S. pneumoniae to erythromycin was due to a rise in the frequency of isolation of these serotypes? Between 1980 and 1984 such rise took place since the frequency of isolation of S. pneumoniae belonging to the serotypes 6, 14, 19 or 23 rose from 38% in 1980 to 50% in 1984, but the rise was not significant (p = 0.1). In fact S. pneumoniae serotypes 6, 14, 19 or 23 have become resistant is significant (p less than 0.05). Two factors should be taken into consideration when interpreting these facts. The first is the increased consumption of macrolide antibiotics which doubled overall between 1979 and 1983, both at the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital and in the Public Assistance hospitals of Paris as well as provincial hospitals throughout France. The second factor is the strictly hospital nature of this study which may have led to an overestimation of the frequency of resistance of S. pneumoniae to erythromycin.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1984

The management of thirty immunocompromised patients with tuberculosis.

Between 1978 and 1981, 30 of 870 bacteriologically confirmed cases of tuberculosis occurred in immunocompromised hosts. One year after the diagnosis, 11 patients were dead, only 2 of them of tuberculosis. In the other 19 patients, the course of tuberculosis under standard chemotherapy was the same as in nonimmunocompromised hosts. Among the 24 patients still alive more than 2 months after the diagnosis of tuberculosis, the treatment of the underlying disease was changed in 14 patients to avoid worsening of the course of tuberculosis; 5 patients died and 4 kidney transplant carriers rejected their transplants. The treatment of the underlying disease was not changed in 10 patients: all of these remained alive 1 yr later, and 2 were kidney transplant carriers who did not reject their transplants. We conclude that the clinical response of the immunocompromised tuberculous host was good and that treatment of the underlying disease should not be modified.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Results of antibiotic sensitivity and "Streptococcus pneumoniae" serotype tests in the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, France, 1979-1980 (author's transl)].

Among 244 strains of S. pneumoniae, 24% are resistant to tetracycline, 10% to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) and 1.6% to erythromycin. A low grade resistance to penicillin G is observed in two strains (MIC 0,12 and 0,3 mg/l). Clinical correlations indicate that only 48% of the S. pneumoniae isolated are undoubtedlzy responsible for bacterial infection. The serotypes isolated from blood cultures and from other specimens are not statistically different. Only 67% of the strains belonged to serotypes included in the 14-valent vaccine.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Continuous non-invasive monitoring in respiratory resuscitation].

Non-invasive methods of monitoring have two principal objectives: --the detection of vital problems requiring immediate treatment : reflex monitoring or type I; --continuous surveillance, as sophisticated as possible, of a large number of parameters which help to predict the outcome either spontaneously or as a result of treatment. These two objectives are reached in different ways according to whether the patients are or are not artificially ventilated. At present it seems that the best compromise between cost, ease of operation, reproducibility and non-invasiveness are obtained by the following techniques: --type I Monitoring (reflex) in patients artificially ventilated : pressure or spirometric alarm; if spontaneously breathing : electrical impedance or simple E.C.G.; --type II Monitoring (or reflection) in patients on ventilators : study of expired CO2, careful analysis of pressure curves, compliance; for those breathing spontaneously : PO2 and PCO2 picked up transcutaneously and possibly impedance of the lungs separately.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1981

[Acute mercury vapour poisoning (author's transl)].

Two persons, exposed to high concentration of mercury vapour in their home developed a few hours later febrile illness with interstitial pneumonitis and mercurial stomatitis. Symptomatic treatment was associated with dimercaprol (BAL) and steroïds; an alveolar washing was performed to remove non-absorbed mercury in the respiratory three which seems to be responsible for the observed inflammatory reaction and, sometimes, the delayed development of fibrosis. A review of the literature revealed that such intoxications had been previously described in about 20 cases. Prognosis depends on the severity of the pulmonary lesions. Fatalities have been described in 9 cases (10%); in 8 cases the victims were young children or old people. An acute gingivo-stomatitis is generally observed. The onset of mercurial encephalopathy is an uncommon feature. Renal disturbances are exceptionally described and always mild. There is no correlation between the clinical condition of the patient and the levels of mercury in the urine.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Transcutaneous measurement of pO2.(author's transl)].

An apparatus which allowed the measurement of transcutaneous paO2 (tcpO2) was tested on adults in an intensive care unit. The correlation between tcpO2 and blood paO2 was satisfactory (r = 0.91, n = 111), but the slope of the regression line was variable from one subject to another. On account of the poor transfer of information from the arterial blood to the skin surface, this slope could be very flat (0.43 in one of the subjects in the study). The response time of the apparatus was very short and allowed a study of the effect on the individual of variations in FIO2. The equipment appears useful for continuous non invasive monitoring of the progress of the pO2, but it cannot directly give the true value of the paO2.

Adult↗