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Biomedical subjects

B Dautzenberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Dautzenberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Tuberculosis control in France--evaluation of practice by a working group of the Société de Pneumologie de Langue Française].

INTRODUCTION: The management of tuberculosis has been the subject of renewed interest in France. Recently, the recommendations and the regulations concerning the disease have been updated. However, the resources that are actually available and the processes in place in different French departments are not clearly known. A national survey was thus carried out by a working group of the SPLF in charge of the recommendations concerning the medical, social and administrative management of the disease. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to the 100 French departmental Antituberculous Services (SLAT). This explored the structures, activity, organisation involved, and difficulties encountered in Tuberculosis management. RESULTS: Ninety SLAT took part in the study. Their answers reveal: a discordance between a number of cases notified to the Department of Sanitation and Health (DDASS) and the number of cases known to the SLAT; a disparity between means involved in this study and the number of patients followed up as well as the choice of populations targeted for tracing); a willingness to deal with contact tracing although the investigations around individual cases and the definition of which subjects should be followed up were variable; a demand for protocols, networks and national recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: The SLAT are involved in the fight against tuberculosis with 20 years experience. The needs expressed in this survey point the way towards future prioritary actions to improve tuberculosis control nationally.

France↗
PubMed2005

[Control of peri-operative smoking: A challenge for the pneumologists].

The experts conference on control of smoking in surgical patients led a synthesis of the literature which reveals among smokers 3 times more complications of the surgical site, twice more transfer in intensive care unit, an increase length of hospital stay, a 8-fold increase of the risk of non consolidation of bone, whereas quitting tobacco 6-8 weeks before the surgical procedure and until the end of the consolidation makes disappear surgical over risk related to tobacco smoke. An organization must urgently set up in all surgical units, so that the 2 millions smokers who underwent surgical procedure each year in France may be advertised and help to quit. If the mobilization of the decision makers, health care staff and patient is strong, the excepted health and financial benefit will be high and may contribute to reduce significantly the deficit of French national health insurance organization since 2006. The lung specialists have a key role to play in the implementation of these new practices.

France↗
PubMed2005

[Decrease in smoking by Parisians students after the launch and implementation of a national cancer prevention plan].

UNLABELLED: The French national cancer prevention plan launched in 2003 led many smokers to quit; however, no data is available on the rates of French adolescents who have begun smoking. METHOD: Every year since 1991, the Paris without Tobacco (PST) organisation carries out a cross-sectional survey among Parisian teenagers. The data from 2003-2004 have been compared with data from years prior to the implementation of the cancer prevention plan. RESULTS: Of a total of 54,781 youth questioned, quasi-stability in tobacco consumption (4%) was observed. Tobacco consumption has dramatically decreased since the launch of the national cancer plan: - 80% in 12-13 year olds, - 61% in 14-15 year olds, and - 55% in 16-17 year olds. This drop is linked to the decrease in numbers of adolescents who start to smoke before the age of 16. After 16 years of age, one-quarter of this decrease is explained and accounted for by the increase in the rate of ex-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: There are numerous reasons available to elucidate this rapid "denormalisation" of tobacco and smoking in general. The data testify to the success of the establishment and implementation of tobacco prevention campaigns and interventions called for within the framework of the National Cancer Plan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Outbreak of tuberculosis in a migrants' shelter, Paris, France, 2002.

SETTING: An overcrowded 362-bed migrants' shelter in Paris, France. OBJECTIVES: To investigate an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB), to identify a common source of contamination and to prevent further transmission. METHODS: The outbreak was identified by radiographic screening and an active search for undeclared hospital treated cases, completed by strain phenotyping and a search for contact cases. RESULTS: Between October 2001 and October 2002, 56 cases of active TB were identified, 30 by radiological screening and 20 by contacting neighbouring hospitals. All cases involved men, with a median age of 30 years. Pulmonary involvement was present in 54% of cases, and nine patients were sputum smear-positive. Thirty-four of the 37 phenotyped strains clustered together. CONCLUSION: The grouping of the cases in time and place, the large number of cases with early-stage disease and the identical RFLP banding patterns of most of the isolates indicate that this outbreak results from transmission that occurred in France. This report underlines the need for public health departments in industrialised countries to maintain effective anti-tuberculosis control programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Smoking and pregnancy: survey among women enrolled in an independent worker insurance program].

OBJECTIVES: In order to further improve its prevention program entitled "Maternity childhood follow-up", the Paris region health insurance program for independent workers carried out a survey among female participants. The survey was designed to assess women's smoking behavior and evaluate reception of information concerning smoking-related risks and support available to stop smoking. The women's suggestions were also collected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent by the physicians in charge of the Ile de France region to the 3525 women who had reported a pregnancy. RESULTS: 1099 answers were received (31%) The mean age of responders was 34.3 4.7 years. Their educational level was high (76% had a university degree). Before pregnancy, 37% were smokers. At the first trimester of pregnancy, 17% were smokers, 15% at the second trimester and 14% at the third trimester. Two years after childbirth, 20.5% were smokers. The proportion of women who stopped smoking was higher for those with a low Fagerström score. 29% of women said they did not receive any information about the harmful consequences of smoking. To cease smoking during pregnancy, 70% are helped by family and friends, 20% by health professionals; 3.5% took nicotine substitutes. CONCLUSION: This survey emphasises the need for improving information to pregnant women for alerting them to the dangers of smoking and for training the relevant health professionals.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Tobacco smoke and risk of bacterial infection].

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smoke is a proven risk factor for bacterial infection. STATE OF THE ART: In adults without COPD, smoking is associated with a significant increase in the relative risk (RR) of pneumonia (RR=2.97; 95% CI 1.52-5.81), S pneumoniae pneumonia (RR=2.50; 95% IC 1.50-5.10), Legionella infection (RR=3.75; 95% CI 2.17-6.17). Smoking has clearly been shown to be associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (RR=2.60; 95% CI 2,20-3,20), and also with increased incidence of post-operative infections. In young children whose parents smoke, passive exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with an increased relative risk of seasonal infections (RR=1.7; CI 95% 1.55-1.91) and recurrent otitis media (RR=1.48; 95% CI 1.08-2.04). Passive smoking also increases risk of pneumonia in adults (RR=2.5; CI 95% 1.2-5.1). Plausible explanations of the increased risk of infection in active or passive smokers include increased bacterial adherence, decrease of lung and nasal clearance, and changes in the immune response. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to tobacco smoke approximately doubles the risk of infection. This increased burden of infection has significant healthcare cost implications. Each infectious episode in an individual should prompt an attempt at smoking cessation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Knowledge, opinions and tobacco consumption in a French faculty of medicine].

OBJECTIVE: Tobacco consumption among French physicians is regularly followed-up and well-known; however, there is little information concerning the smoking habits of medical students even though they are the physicians of the future. How do they behave? Do they smoke? More or less than the other populations of the same age? METHOD: All the students of a Parisian medical school were surveyed with a self-questionnaire completed and collected just before the exams at the end of the year. The questionnaire incorporated both past and present smoking habits and also the students' knowledge and opinions on tobacco consumption. RESULTS: A total of 681 students replied. More than one-third were smokers (34.6%) among which 21.0% smoked every day and 13.6% smoked occasionally. Gender had no influence on prevalence rate and both men and women smoked a comparable number of cigarettes per day (males 12.0 cig/day, females 10.4 cig/day). Eleven percent were former smokers and 68.4% would like to quit. Nearly 100% believed that cigarette smoke can bother others and 75% felt they were exemplary figures for others on the subject of tobacco use. Finally, two-thirds of the students smoked light cigarettes. CONCLUSION: The smoking habits of medical students are similar to those of the general population of the same age. It is necessary to develop specific prevention programs for medical students because they will play an important public health role in the future in reducing the prevalence of tobacco consumption in France.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Indications for and modalities of long-term oxygen therapy].

Long-term oxygenotherapy treatment prevent pulmonary hypertension and hypercythemia in chronic hypoxic patients. LTOT is indicated in severe patients with a medial survival time of 3.5 years. Medical indication of LTOT is hypoxemia > 55 mmHg, or, if right cardiac sign or polycythemia are present PaO2 between 55 and 60 mmHg. In some cases LTOT is used only during deambulation, if hypoxemia occurs only during activity. In most cases LTOT is received during all the night and as long as possible during the day time to reach 18 hours/24. OLT decreases the risk of polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension and increases the survival rate of chronic hypoxemic patients.

Chronic Disease↗