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Biomedical subjects

B Dahlberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Dahlberg.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cadmium exposure and end-stage renal disease.

Environmental exposure to cadmium may cause kidney damage and tubular proteinuria. We investigated the relationship between low-level cadmium exposure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), indicated by renal replacement therapy (RRT), in a Swedish population environmentally or occupationally exposed to cadmium. Based on records of all persons in the population previously or presently employed in cadmium-battery production or residing in cadmium-polluted areas near the battery plants, we defined exposure as high (occupational), moderate (domicile < 2 km from a plant), low (domicile 2 to 10 km from a plant), or no exposure (domicile > 10 km from a plant). Comprehensive data were available for all individuals undergoing RRT since 1978. The annual incidence of RRT increased from 41 per million in the age group 20 to 29 years to 243 per million in the age group 70 to 79 years and was greater in a priori-defined populations with cadmium exposure. Adjusting for age and sex gave an increased Mantel-Haenszel rate ratio (MH-RR) of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 2.3) for RRT in the cadmium-exposed population compared with the unexposed group; the MH-RR was even higher for women (MH-RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.5). Directly age-standardized rate ratios for RRT and cadmium exposure increased from 1.4 (95% CI, 0.8 to 2.0) in the low-exposure group to 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.5) and 2.3 (95% CI, 0.6 to 6.0) in the moderate- and high-exposure groups, respectively. We conclude that exposure to occupational or relatively low environmental levels of cadmium appears to be a determinant for the development of ESRD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Modeling drug information for a prescription-oriented knowledge base on drugs.

There exists little theoretical analysis how to represent knowledge on drugs required for computerized drug-prescription applications. A work package drug information modeling is described which was part of the European OPADE project. We describe the content and structure of a Drug Knowledge Base (DKB) designed to meet the requirements of decision-support systems in the domain of drug therapy, and to facilitate data transfer from various information sources. The definition of the DKB content is derived from the analysis of information requirements at the various stages of the process of the clinical usage of drugs (prescribing, administration, and follow-up). The DKB structure results from the classification of the various data items along two dimensions: (1) entities in the pharmaco-therapeutic domain for which information must be defined (the PharmacoTherapeutic Group, the Component, the ManufacturedPreparation, and the Presentation), and (2) the validity score of the pharmaco-therapeutic information (international, national, or local).

Drug Administration Schedule↗
PubMed1990

Asthenozoospermia/teratozoospermia and infertility.

Abnormal spermiograms with asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia are often classified as subfertile, and the cause of these findings has been obscure. A new method, the 8-h in vitro motility profile test (MPT), showed a significant difference in motility profile between 130 fertile men and men of infertile couples. In the infertile group, an infertility factor (IF) was found. The method was applied to 133 cases, group A, with asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia. Microbial cultures of semen were also done. Controls, group B, which were 52 males with asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia, were also investigated with MPT and microbial cultures. All 133 cases of group A had abnormal MPT indicating infertility factor. One hundred and twenty-six cases had positive microbial findings (95%). Long-term treatment with antibiotics of the 126 normalized motility and morphology and eradicated microbes. The MPT was, however, only normalized in 5 cases with two men becoming fathers. The infertility factor, according to the MPT, remained in 128 cases. Though treatment of bacteriospermia has an apparent normalization of parameters as motility, morphology, and cultures, an underlying infertility factor remains in cases of asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sperm motility in fertile men and males in infertile units: in vitro test.

An in vitro test evaluating spermatozooan motility was used to compare percentage of forward progressive spermatozooa at initial observation, within 1 h of obtaining samples, with forward progression after 8 h in Petri dishes (humid chambers). A constant motility profile was found in the sperm of fertile men after 8 h, whereas a different profile was found in 94% of the infertile male groups.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Bacterial infection in relation to pain and irregular bleeding in women using IUD.

Pain and metrorrhagia in women using IUDs are often the reason for removing the IUD. In 54 women where the IUD was removed, uterine fluid for bacteriologic cultures was taken from the removed IUD. There was a correlation between positive cultures and symptoms of pain and metrorrhagia. Spotty bleeding caused by microtraumata and increased fibrinolytic activity of the IUD might thus consitute a substrate for bacterial invasion resulting in endometritis and in turn increased bleeding and pain. In 18 male consorts of females with positive cultures, asymptomatic bacteriospermia was found. Treatment offered alleviated symptoms. Removal of the IUD need thus not be necessary.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1976

Asymptomatic bacteriospermia. Cause of infertility in men.

The causes of male infertility are still poorly understood, and asymptomatic bacteriospermia in the male can cause infertility. A new method was evaluated for examination of bacteriologic cultures of semen specimens. Treatment of the male shows successful results with pregnancies following.

Adolescent↗