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Biomedical subjects

B D Schraeder

Publications and source records attributed to B D Schraeder.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual acuity, binocular vision, and ocular muscle balance in VLBW children.

Thirty-four very low birth weight (VLBW) 6-year olds and 31 normal birth weight (NBW) 6-year olds were assessed for visual acuity, binocular vision, and ocular muscle balance. Significantly more of the children in the VLBW group failed the tests of binocular vision and ocular muscle balance. Failure in tests of binocular vision was associated with higher numbers of days on mechanical ventilation and higher number of days in the intensive care nursery during the first months of life.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of caretaker stress on behavioral adjustment of very low birth weight preschool children.

The impact of caretaker daily stress and life strain on the behavioral adjustment of very low birth weight (VLBW less than or equal to 1,500 grams) preschool children was investigated; the degree to which the caregiving environment contributes to the effects of caretaker stress on child outcome was also explored. Subjects were 39 VLBW children (mean birth weight = 1,208 grams) and their primary caretakers, the majority of whom were their biological mothers. Data on caretaker stress and life strain, the caregiving environment, and child behavior were gathered when the children were 60 months of age. The impact of caretaker daily stress and life strain on VLBW child adjustment was moderate and similar to that of normal birth weight (NBW) children. The impact of caretaker stress appeared to be affected by the quality of the caregiving environment. Analysis showed that more behavior problems were found in VLBW 5-year-olds than expected in the general preschool population. Caretakers of VLBW 5-year-olds experienced more intense daily stress than those of NBW children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The value of early home assessment in identifying risk in children who were very low birth weight.

Demographic, medical risk variables and information obtained during early home assessments of very low birth weight infants and their families were compared in their ability to identify subsequent risk in 4-year-old children who were very low birth weight. The home assessment data were equal or better than the demographic risk variables in efficacy and efficiency.

Child Development↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developmental progress in very low birth weight infants during the first year of life.

A multivariate study investigated developmental progress in very low birth weight infants (VLBW less than or equal to 1,500 grams) during the first year of life. The subjects were 41 VLBW infants (M birth weight = 1,203 grams) who were free from congenital anomalies and appropriate for gestational age. Eighteen infants were male, 23 were female. Data were gathered from the infants' charts and during home visits when the subjects were 6 and 12 months corrected gestational age. Birth weight, intraventricular hemorrhage status, number of days supported by mechanical ventilation, number of days in the intensive care nursery, socioeconomic status, and characteristics of the childrearing environment were examined in relation to developmental progress. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and cross-lagged panel analysis. Environmental factors were powerful influences accounting for 67% of the variance in development at 1 year. Cross-lagged panel analysis suggested a causal relationship between the quality of the home environment and developmental achievement at 1 year.

Child Development↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developmental trends and behavioral styles in very low birth weight infants.

The purpose of this study was to gather information about the characteristics of the very low birth weight baby. Twenty-six infants were involved in the study. Their mean gestational age was 29 weeks; mean gestational age was 29 weeks; mean birthweight was 1,170 grams. At the time of the study, the chronological age when corrected for prematurity was 7.9 months. During a home visit, the Denver Developmental Screening Test, the Infant Temperament Questionnaire, and the Home Observation Measurement Evaluation Inventory were completed. Pearson product moment correlation, chi square, and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Of the infants, 42 percent were at risk for developmental delays when assessed at the corrected gestational age. The infants were significantly more difficult as measured by the Infant Temperament Questionnaire. There was a moderate relationship between difficultness and childrearing environments. The findings of this study suggested that very low birth weight infants have an increased risk for developmental delays and are apt to have difficult behavioral styles. There was a negative relationship between infants with difficult behavioral styles and maternal involvement and responsivity.

Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and temperament in very low birth weight infants--the second year.

This article reports findings from the second year of a two-year longitudinal study designed to assess the VLBW infant in the areas of temperament, development, and the home environment. Data were obtained from 20 of the original 26 infants who participated in the study. During a home visit the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), the Toddler Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ), and the Home Observation Measurement for Evaluation Inventory (HOME) were completed. Twenty percent of the toddlers were at-risk for developmental delay when assessed at the corrected gestational age. This compares to 42% who were deemed to be at-risk during the first year of life. No relationship was found between developmental-risk status and the quality of the home environment. The VLBW toddlers' temperaments were not significantly different from the standardization population. However, there were fewer easy toddlers than would be expected. During the second year the percentage of difficult children decreased from 38% to 10%. The VLBW toddler's behavioral style was characterized by arrhythmicity and low persistence. There was a moderate correlation between home environment and the toddler's activity level. High activity was negatively correlated with maternal involvement and provision of appropriate play things. The families of the 20 toddlers scored on the upper 25th percentile on the HOME Inventory. The high quality of the childrearing environment was stable over the two years.

Child Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of measures to detect preschool academic risk in very-low-birth-weight children.

The ability of three preschool risk detection tools to accurately identify apparently healthy very-low-birth-weight children (VLBW < 1500 g) who would subsequently experience school failure was studied. The sample of 35 children included 20 girls and 15 boys, 15 African-American children and 20 white children, who were 4 years old when assessed. The tool based on the information processing model had a significantly higher degree of specificity than the readiness or development based tools. None of the tools were sensitive enough to identify more than two thirds of the children who subsequently experienced school failure in grades K through 2.

Child Development↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Academic achievement and educational resource use of very low birth weight (VLBW) survivors.

Thirty-nine very low birth weight (VLBW) and 32 normal birth weight (NBW) elementary school children were studied prospectively to determine patterns of academic achievement and special education resource use during the elementary school years. Reading, spelling, and mathematical abilities were evaluated. Mean scores for the VLBW children were significantly lower on the mathematic subtests. VLBW study participants experienced more grade retention (43% vs. 23%) and required 2.8 times more special academic assistance than their NBW peers. Thus, providing special educational resources for VLBW children is essential.

Adolescent↗